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function

The document introduces functions in C/C++, emphasizing their role in structured programming by breaking complex problems into smaller, manageable parts. It discusses the advantages of functions, including code reusability and improved program understanding, and outlines the syntax for function definitions, calls, and prototypes. Additionally, it provides examples of user-defined functions, including calculating absolute values and other operations.

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2 views

function

The document introduces functions in C/C++, emphasizing their role in structured programming by breaking complex problems into smaller, manageable parts. It discusses the advantages of functions, including code reusability and improved program understanding, and outlines the syntax for function definitions, calls, and prototypes. Additionally, it provides examples of user-defined functions, including calculating absolute values and other operations.

Uploaded by

patobaby651
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming

FUNCIONS

Introduction to
Functions
Ngolah K. T
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 2

Introduction to Functions
 A complex problem is often easier to solve
by dividing it into several smaller parts,
each of which can be solved by itself.
 This is called structured programming.
 These parts are sometimes made into
functions in C/C++.
 main() then uses these functions to solve
the original problem.
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 3

Advantages of Functions
 Functions separate the concept (what is
done) from the implementation (how it is
done).
 Functions make programs easier to
understand.
 Functions can be called several times in
the same program, allowing the code to be
reused.
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 4

C++ Functions
 C/C++ allows the use of both internal
(user-defined) and external functions.

 External functions (e.g., abs, ceil, rand,


sqrt, etc.) are usually grouped into
specialized libraries (e.g.,
stdio.h/iostream, stdlib, math, etc.)
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 5

User-Defined Functions
 C/C++ programs usually have the following form:

// include statements
// function prototypes
// main() function
// function definitions
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 6

Function Input and Output


COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 7

Function Definition
A function definition has the following syntax:
<type> <function name>(<parameter list>){
<local declarations>
<sequence of statements>
}
For example: Definition of a function that computes the
absolute value of an integer:

int absolute(int x){


if (x >= 0) return x;
else return -x;
}
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 8

Function Call

 A function call has the following syntax:


<function name>(<argument list>)

Example: int distance = absolute(-5);


 The result of a function call is a value of type
<type>
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 9

Arguments/Parameters

 one-to-one correspondence between the


arguments in a function call and the
parameters in the function definition.
int argument1;
double argument2;
// function call (in another function, such as main)
result = thefunctionname(argument1, argument2);

// function definition
int thefunctionname(int parameter1, double parameter2){
// Now the function can use the two parameters
// parameter1 = argument 1, parameter2 = argument2
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 10

Absolute Value
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int absolute (int);// function prototype for absolute()
int main(){
int num, answer;
cout << "Enter an integer (0 to stop): ";
cin >> num;
while (num!=0){
answer = absolute(num);
cout << "The absolute value of " << num
<< " is: " << answer << endl;
cin >> num; }
return 0; }
// Define a function to take absolute value of an integer
int absolute(int x){
if (x >= 0) return x;
else return -x; }
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 11

Function Prototype
 The function prototype declares the input and
output parameters of the function.

 The function prototype has the following syntax:


<type> <function name>(<type list>);

 Example: A function that returns the absolute


value of an integer is: int absolute(int);
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 12

Function Definition
 The function definition can be placed anywhere
in the program after the function prototypes.

 If a function definition is placed in front of


main(), there is no need to include its function
prototype.
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 13

Absolute Value (alternative)


 Note that it is possible to omit the function prototype if the function is placed
before it is called.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int absolute(int x){
if (x >= 0) return x;
else return -x; }
int main(){
int num, answer;
cout << "Enter an integer (0 to stop): ";
cin >> num;
while (num!=0){
answer = absolute(num);
cout << "The absolute value of " << num
<< " is: " << answer << endl;
cin >> num; }
return 0; }
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 14

Function of three parameters


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double total_second(int, double ,double );
int main(){
cout << total_second(1,1.5, 2) << endl;
return 0;
}
double total_second( int hour, double minutes,
double second)
{
return hour*3600 + minutes * 60 + second;
}
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 15

Printing the Diamond Pattern as a


Function
void diamond(int size)
{
int row, space, star;
for(row=1; row<=size; row++){ //top half
for(space=1; space<=size-row; space++)
cout << " ";
for(star=1; star<=2*row-1; star++)
cout << "*";
cout << endl ;
}
for(row=size -1; row>=1; row--){ //bottom half
for(space=1; space<=size-row; space++)
cout << " ";
for(star=1; star<=2*row-1; star++)
cout << "*";
cout << endl ;
} }
COMP102 Prog Fundamentals I: Introduction to Functions /Slide 16

Calculating the Area of a Circle


with a Function

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