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Theory Csil1501

The document outlines the components of information systems, including people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the internet. It explains the differences between system software and application software, the basics of personal computer hardware, and the significance of the internet and electronic commerce. Additionally, it covers internet access, communication methods, search tools, and the system unit's architecture, including the system board, microprocessor, memory, and ports.

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molefemapule303
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9 views33 pages

Theory Csil1501

The document outlines the components of information systems, including people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the internet. It explains the differences between system software and application software, the basics of personal computer hardware, and the significance of the internet and electronic commerce. Additionally, it covers internet access, communication methods, search tools, and the system unit's architecture, including the system board, microprocessor, memory, and ports.

Uploaded by

molefemapule303
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THEORY

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,
THE INTERNET AND YOU
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information systems have several parts:

People Procedures Software

Hardware Data The Internet


SOFTWARE

SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE


SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Enables application software to interact with computer hardware.
“Background” software that helps computers manage internal
resources.
Not a single program, but rather a collection of different programs.

Operating System Utilities


APPLICATION SOFTWARE
End user Software. Specialised
General-purpose Applications
Applications

Mobile
Applications
PERSONAL COMPUTER HARDWARE

Desktop Laptop Tablet

Smartphone Wearable
PERSONAL COMPUTER HARDWARE

Input / Output
devices
System Unit
Communication

Secondary Storage
DATA
Data is raw, unprocessed facts.

Processed data becomes information.


THE INTERNET, THE WEB AND
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
THE INTERNET AND THE WEB

The internet was launched in 1969 in the USA.


Web was introduced in 1991 in Switzerland.
Difference between the web and the internet?
THE INTERNET AND THE WEB

The most common uses of the Internet are:


• Communication
• Shopping
• Searching
• Entertainment
• Education / E-Learning
INTERNET ACCESS

The first step in using the internet is to get CONNECTED.


In order to get connected, you need the following:
• Provider
• Browser
PROVIDERS

ISP (Internet Service Provider) – most common way to access the Internet.
ISPs are permanently connected to the Internet.
ISPs use telephone lines, cables and/or wireless connections.
BROWSERS
Browsers are programs that provide access to Web resources.
Most Common Browsers
• Microsoft Internet Explorer
• Mozilla Firefox
• Google Chrome
• Safari
• Opera Mini
In order to connect to the Web resource, the browser needs the
ADDRESS of the resource.
ADDRESS

Address is called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

https://www.google.com
https:// - Protocol
www.google.com – Domain name
.com – Top-level domain (TLD)
COMMUNICATION

Communication is the most important Internet activity.


Most popular types of Internet communication are:
• E-mail
• Instant Messaging
• Discussion Groups
• Social Networking
E-MAIL

Addresses

Subject
Greeting line

Message

Signature

Attachments
SEARCH TOOLS

The web consists out of more than 1.98 billion websites (February 2023).
It can be an incredible resource, providing information on nearly any topic
imaginable.
A number of organisations started
operating search sites, that assist you
In finding information on the Internet
and the web.
SEARCH ENGINES

First step, you need to connect to a search engine.


Second step, Keyword Search:
• Enter a keyword or phrase, reflecting the information you are
looking for.
• Search engine compares keyword(s) to its database and returns a
list of hits.
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

E-Commerce is the buying and selling of goods over the Internet.


E-Commerce provides incentives for both buyers and sellers.
Three basic types of E-Commerce:
• Business-to-Consumer
• Consumer-to-Consumer
• Business-to-Consumer
BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER

Fastest growing type of E-Commerce.


Three most widely used applications:
• Online banking
• Financial trading
• Shopping
CONSUMER-TO-CONSUMER

Individuals selling to individuals.


In the form of:
• Web auctions
• Classifieds
THE SYSTEM UNIT
SYSTEM BOARD
System board is also known as the
motherboard.

The communication medium for the


entire computer system.

Every component of the system unit


connects to the system board.

Acts as a data path allowing the


various components to communicate
with one another.
SYSTEM BOARD
MICROPROCESSOR

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is contained on a single chip called a


microprocessor.
The CPU has 2 main functions:
• Control Unit
• Arithmetic-Logic Unit
The CPU connects directly on the system board.
MEMORY

Memory is the holding area for data, instructions and information.


Connects directly onto the system board.
Two well-known types of memory:
• Random Access Memory
• Read Only Memory
MEMORY

Random Access Memory


Holds programs and data that the CPU is
currently busy processing.
Ram is called volatile storage, because it
loses its contents when the computer is
switch off. Read Only Memory
Have programs build into it at the
factory.
ROM chips are not volatile.
Cannot be changed by the user.
EXPANSION SLOTS AND CARDS

Most system boards provide expansion slots.


Users insert expansion cards into these slots to expand their system.
Most common expansion cards:
• Graphics cards
• Sound cards
PORTS
A port is a socket for external devices to connect to the system unit.
Ports are divided into standard and specialized ports.
Most common ports:
• VGA – Video graphics adapter
• HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface
• Ethernet Ethernet port
• USB – Universal Serial Bus

VGA port USB port HDMI port


POWER SUPPLY

• Computers require direct current (DC) to power the electronic components.


• A standard wall outlet provides alternating current (AC).
• The power supply converts AC to DC.

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