Scheme Of Work [1st Term].

1. Computer Career Opportunities

2. Computer Professionals; Functions of each of the
Computer Professionals.
3. Qualities of a good Computer Professional.
4. Computer professional Bodies.
5. Functions of Computer Professional Bodies Continued.
6. Computer Viruses.
7. Sources of Viruses.
8. Virus Detection (Antivirus) and Virus Prevention.
9. Internet ( Search Engines)
10. Practical - (Using Search Engines to obtain Information and
Download information from the internet.)
11. Practical - (Using Search Engines to obtain Information and
Download information from the internet.)
12. Revision
13. Examination
Computer Career Opportunities

Computer Career opportunities are the various fields of specialization and job
opportunities for professionals in the computing and ICT field.

Nowadays, the Computer industry is one of the largest industries worldwide. This
industry has created thousands of high-tech jobs, even in companies whose
primary business is not Computer related. New job frontiers have also opened up
for people with knowledge and skill in various aspects of Computers and ICT.

Job Opportunities in Computer Industry

Job opportunities in the Computer industries generally are available in any of the
following areas or categories.

a. Programming and Software development field

b. Web and Internet services field
c. Computer Graphics, Multimedia and Equipment field
d. Information Systems Operations and Management
e. Computer sales, Services and repair field
f. Telecommunication and Networking field
g. Computer Education, Training and Support field.
h. Computer Industry Specialists & IT Consultations e.t.c.

Assignment.

State 5 careers/Job opportunities in Computer Industry.

Computer Professional

A Computer professional is referred to as the person who had

undergone training in Computing and involved in carrying out
major operations in Computing and Information Technology of a
Company or Institution in their Computer or IT department.

Various Computer Professionals

1. Computer Project Manager

2. System Analyst
3. Computer Programmer/Software developer
4. Computer Instructor/Educator
5. Computer Engineer/Technician
6. Network Administrator
7. Database Administrator
8. Web Designer/Administrator
9. Computer Security Specialist.

10. Computer Operators.

Computer Project Manager

This is the person that oversees all assigned projects, allocates

resources, select teams and performs system analysis tasks.

System Analyst

A System Analyst works closely with users to analyze their

requirements, designs and develop new information systems and
incorporates new technologies.

Computer Programmer/software developer

A Computer programmer designs and write Computer programs,

using an appropriate Computer Language such as Visual Basic,
Java, C++ , PHP e.t.c.
Computer Instructor/Educator

A Computer Instructor teaches students Computer Science & IT

skills and also involved in different IT training programmes.

Computer Technician/Engineer

A Computer Technician installs, maintains and repairs hardwares.

He also installs, upgrades, configures softwares and troubleshoots
hardware problems.

Network Administrator

A Network Administrator installs, configures and maintains the

company’s network and internet system and also identifies and
resolves connectivity issues.

Database Administrator

A Database Administrator creates and maintains the database

dictionary. He also maintains database performance.

Web Designer/Administrator

A web Administrator creates web pages, oversees website

performance and maintains an organization’s website.

Computer Security Specialist

A Computer Security Specialist is responsible for the Security of

data and information stored on Computer and the mobile devices
within an organization.

Computer Operator

A Computer operator performs equipment related activities such

as monitoring performance, running jobs, keeping back-up and
restoring.
Assignment

State 2 functions each of the following Computer Professionals

i. Database Administrator

ii. Network Administrator

iii. Computer Instructor

iv. Web Administrator

v. Computer Technician/Engineer.

Qualities of a Good Computer Professional

1. Excellent Analytical skills

2. Attention to Details
3. Commitment to Learning
4. Good Communication Skills
5. Aptitude for Mathematics
6. Ability to Learn new Programming Languages
7. Ability to handle Multi-tasking
8. Troubleshooting Capabilities
9. Technical Writing skills
10.Versatility

Excellent Analytical Skills – Computer professionals must have excellent analytical

skills that can be applied to solve problems or develop new ideas.
Attention to Details – Computer professionals must pay close attention to details to
ensure everything works correctly and efficiently.

Commitment to Learning – Successful Computer Professionals should be committed

to learning and get information about the latest development in information
technology because it is constantly changing.

Good Communication skills – Verbal and written communication are important for
everyday business. He/She should be able to communicate well to understand the
client’s needs and meet those needs.

Aptitude for Mathematics – Computer professionals must have strong mathematical

skills because mathematics is used in many computer applications such as circuits or
programming.

Ability to Learn new programming languages - Computer professionals must learn

many programming languages and how to use a wide varieties of computer software
programs.

Ability to handle Multitasking - People working with computer are often involved in
many tasks at once and must be able to manage all their responsibilities
simultaneously.

Trouble Shooting Capabilities – Computer professionals are called upon to solve

problems with networks, software and other programs as quick as possible.

Technical Writing Skills – This skill helps a Computer and IT person to explain
complex concepts to those who have knowledge of the Computer world.

Versatility–The most successful Computer professionals will be the ones who have
skills that extend beyond information technology, such as skills in businesses and
finance.

Assignment

State 5 qualities of a good computer professional

COMPUTER PROFESSIONAL BODIES

PROFESSIONAL BODY

A professional body sets professional standards and acts as the authoritative

independent voice of the profession to government, industry, other professions
and the general public.

Various Computer Professional Bodies

1. Nigeria Computer Society ( NCS)

2. Computer Professional Registration Council of Nigeria (CPRN)
3. Institute for the management of Information System (IMIS)
4. Information Technology Association of Nigeria (ITAN)
5. The Institute of software practitioners of Nigeria (ISPON)
6. Nigeria Internet Group (NIG)
7. The Nigerian Association of Computer Science Students (NACOSS)
8. Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC)
9. National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA)
10. Internet Service Providers Association of Nigeria (ISPAN)
11. Association of Telecom Companies in Nigeria (ATCN)
Nigeria Computer Society (NCS)

The goal of the Nigeria Computer Society is to advance Computer Science and
Information Technology.

The Objectives and Functions are;

1. To promote the education and training of Computer and Information

Scientists
 2. To encourage research in the advancement of Computer and Information
Technologies.
3. To promote and protect the professional interest of its members.
4. To build global affiliations and cooperation with similar professional
organization across the world.
5. To contribute to the formulation of policies development and assessment
e.t.c.

Computer Professional Registration Council of Nigeria (CPRN)

The CPRN is a body charged with the control and supervision of the computing
profession in the country.

The main functions include;

1. To determine what standard of knowledge and skills are to be attained by

persons seeking to become members of the Computing profession.
2. To establish and maintain a register of persons seeking to be registered to
practice the Computing profession and publishing the list of these person
from time to time.
3. To establish and implement a programme of accreditation of Computer
training institution in Nigeria.

Institute for the Management of Information System (IMIS)

The IMIS is an International Professional Association devoted to Supporting and

promoting the profession of Information System Management.

Main Objective of IMIS are;

1. Setting and maintaining professional standards.

2. Setting standards in Education.
3. Contributing to policy formation
4. Information and Research.
5. Networking for best practice.

Information Technology Association of Nigeria (ITAN)

ITAN was established in 1991 as a micro-Computer Vendors Association of Nigeria
before it was later changed to ITAN in 2000.

The functions are;

1. To enhance IT skills among pupils and students in Nigerian Primary and

Secondary Schools.
2. To mobilize all stakeholders to deliver educational software into primary
and secondary schools.
3. To change the learning environment in primary and secondary schools.
4. To improve pupils/students digital capabilities.

Institute of Software Practitioners of Nigeria (ISPON)

This is the body of Computer Software and related services industries in Nigeria.
The functions are;

1. Concern with the growth of a software driven Information Technology

Industry.
2. To facilitate business and trade in software and related services.
3. To promote research in software technology.

Nigeria Internet Group (NIG)

The Nigeria Internet Group is a non-government organization which aimed at;

1. Promoting the internet in Nigeria.

2. Promoting internet as a tool for personal and National development

Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC)

The Nigeria Communication Commission is an independent National Regulatory

Authority for the Telecommunication industry in Nigeria. The functions are;

1. Promoting fair competition in the communication Industry.

2. Granting and renewing communication license
3. Protecting and promoting the interest of consumers against unfair practices
e.t.c
Assignment (Project 1)

Enumerate 2 functions each of the following Computer Professional bodies

1. NCS
2. CPN
3. IMIS
4. ISPON
5. NCC
COMPUTER VIRUS

Computer viruses are malicious or unwanted programs that infect a Computer

system and cause various problems with its use.

Viruses are also executable Computer programs written by software developers

to check piracy on some of their system and application softwares. Once these
programs are activated, they replicate themselves and make the system
misbehave or malfunction.

Types of Virus

1. Boot Sector Virus

2. Executable File Virus
3. Attack on Document Virus
Boot Sector Virus
This type of virus infects the system area of the hard disk and floppy disk. These
areas give the virus easier and more efficient way to spread from one point to the
other.
Executable File Virus
This type of virus infects program file with extension or with executable files.
E.g .com, .exe, e.t.c. Programs file with extensions are the targets of this group of
virus.
Attack on Document virus
These are viruses that attack document files in the Computer. They spread rapidly
because some of these documents i.e Ms-Word, Ms-Excel, e.t.c are shared within
systems and can be downloaded from the internet.

Examples of Viruses

1. Trojan Horse
 2. Sleeper
3. Logic Bomb
4. Alabama Virus
5. Christmas Virus
6. Root kit

Effects of Virus

1. It usually hides or seizes the cursor while working.

2. It may produce a funny sound.

3. It makes the keyboard inactive

4. There is always a production of strange characters on the screen.

5. It destabilizes the output devises.

6. Deletion of some executable files.

Assignment

a. State 5 effects of Viruses on Computer.

b. State 5 examples of viruses.

SOURCES OF VIRUSES

These are the means through which viruses could be spread from one system to
the other which includes the following

1. Infected Storage Media

2. E – mails
3. Internet downloads
4. Bluetooth Transfer
5. Illegal Duplication of software
6. Computer Networks

Infected Storage Media– If an infected diskette is used on a clean system, the

virus from the diskette will be passed into the clean system. The same is
applicable to CD-ROM, Flash Disk and Memory cards.

E – mail – Electronic mails may be infected and thus passed into the system as it is
being opened.
Internet Downloads – Many sites and programs on the internet are seriously
infected with virus and easily transferred to the system when such sites or
programs are downloaded.
Illegal Duplication of Software – Many software have been restricted for
duplication. An attempt to duplicate such program will introduce virus into the
system.
Computer Networks- If one file that is used by several network users becomes
infected with a virus, the virus will quickly spread to the other users on the
network.
Virus infection signs

a. The computer runs slower than usual.

b. The computer stops responding.
 c. The computer crashes and then restarts every few minutes on its own.
d. Applications on the computer do not work correctly.
e. Disk or Disk drives are inaccessible.
f. Strange sound or music plays from the speakers unexpectedly.
g. Programs disappear from the computer without removing them
h. Wandering cursor across the screen
i. Appearance of strange characters. E. t. c.

Assignment

a. State 5 sources of Viruses.

b. List 5 virus warning signs.

VIRUS DETECTION SOFTWARE (ANTIVIRUS)

To detect virus and protect the Computer against Computer viruses, virus
detection software called “Antivirus” have been developed.

Antiviruses are written programs by software developers to protect the computer

against viruses. Most Antivirus programs however, only protect against viruses
written before they were released.

Antivirus programs also have utilities to remove or repair infected programs and
files. Antivirus can be updated on the internet, if there is internet connection on
the system.

Examples of Antivirus
a. Norton Antivirus
b. M CAfee Virus Scan
c. Quick Heal Antivirus
d. AVG Antivirus
e. PC Tools Antivirus
f. Avast Antivirus
g. Symantec Antivirus
h. Dr. Solomon Toolkit
 i. Threat Fire Antivirus
j. Kaspersky Antivirus
k. Avira Antivirus e. t. c.

Installations of Antivirus Programs

Antivirus softwares are installed like any other application softwares.
Steps
- Insert your Antivirus Software
- Run the set-up/install
- Follow the screen direction.
Scanning for Viruses
Depending on the type of Antivirus that you have,
Steps
- Right click on my Computer/Hard disk or Flash Disk e.t.c to show shortcut
menu.
- Click on scan for threat / virus
- Allow the scan to run and wait until it finishes
Virus Preventions

Virus attack can be prevented in the following ways.

1. Avoid the use of unauthorized software.

2. Use write-protect tabs on floppy disks and memory card to protect your
files.

3. Avoid lending of flash drive, CD, DVD and other auxiliary storage media

4. Avoid visiting unsafe and unsecure sites on the internet.

5. Go for the best and original Antivirus software for your Computer.
Assignment

a. State 5 examples of Antivirus software.

b. List 5 ways of preventing virus attack on your Computer System.

INTERNET

Internet is a worldwide interconnection of computer networks. It is

a network of collection of millions of Computers and related
devices that transmit data all over the world. It is the largest
Computer network in the world.

Information Resources and Services of the Internet

The Internet consists of various information resources and
services such as Electronic Mail, World Wide Web e.t.c
Electronic Mail (E-mail)
Electronic mail is the transmission of letters and documents
electronically from a sender to the receiver(s) over the internet or
other Computer network. It allows written messages along with
file attachment (documents, pictures, music, filese.t.c) to be
shared or transmitted on the internet.
World Wide Web (www)
The www is a tool for accessing information over the internet. The
web is viewed by using software called web browser or Internet
browser such as Microsoft Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Google
chrome e.t.c.
Website
A website is a collection of related and interconnected web pages
containing information about a company, individual, e.t.c. It
usually contains the home page among the web pages and hosted
on a web server.
Webpage
A webpage is a document commonly written in Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML) that is accessible through the internet or other
network using a browser.
Instant Messaging (IM)
Instant messaging (IM) is an online chart which offers real time
transmission of text over the internet.
Downloading
This is copying a file from a network file server to a computer on
the network.
Uploading
This is the opposite of downloading. It is the process of sending
data from a local system to a remote system such as a server or
another client for storing a copy of the data transferred.
Domain Name
A domain name is a unique reference that identifies a website on
the internet. E.g bbc.co.uk, unilag.edu.ng, google.com,
facebook.com etc.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
The URL also called web Address is the complete, unique address
for every file that is accessible on the internet.
E.ghttps://www.konga.com, https://www.google.com
Web server
A web server is a Computer where websites are hosted.
Protocol
A protocol is a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data
between electronic devices, such as computers.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
This is the standard network protocol used for transferring
computer files between a client and server on a computer
network.

HTTP and HTTPS

HTTP stand for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol while HTTPS means
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure

IP Address
IP Address means Internet Protocol Address. It is a unique set of
numbers that allows location of digital devices to be identified or
differentiated.

SEARCH ENGINES
An internet search engine is a special website specifically
designed tohelp find information on the World Wide Web. The
Search result may consist of web pages, images, information
e.t.c. and are usually displayed on the screen.
Examples of Search Engines

1. Google.com
2. Mamma.com
3. Ask.com
4. Yahoo.com
5. Bing.com
6. Excite.com
7. Dogpile.com
8. Yippy.com
9. Duckduckgo.com
 10. Wolframalpha.com

11. Lycos.com

Uses of Search Engines

1. To get information from the internet.

2. To carry out research
3. To help with shopping
4. For entertainment.
5. To find peopleE.g whitepages.com, spyfly.com
6. To find direction and location .e.g Google Maps.

Assignment

1. State the full meaning of the following

i. HTML
ii. E-mail
iii. IM
iv. WWW
v. URL

2. State 5 examples of Search Engines.