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SK DCN Lecture Note 1

A computer network is an interconnected collection of devices that share resources and information, with various types including LAN, PAN, WLAN, CAN, MAN, and WAN. Data refers to raw facts, while processed data is termed information, and communication involves the transfer of data between sender and receiver through a channel. The OSI model, developed by ISO, consists of seven layers that define how applications communicate over a network, each with specific functions related to data transmission.

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9 views10 pages

SK DCN Lecture Note 1

A computer network is an interconnected collection of devices that share resources and information, with various types including LAN, PAN, WLAN, CAN, MAN, and WAN. Data refers to raw facts, while processed data is termed information, and communication involves the transfer of data between sender and receiver through a channel. The OSI model, developed by ISO, consists of seven layers that define how applications communicate over a network, each with specific functions related to data transmission.

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lakshrajsinh188
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Subject: Data Communication and Networking

Basics of Computer Networks


What is computer Network?

“Interconnected collection of computers is computer network.”

“A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that share resources and


information.”

“A computer network is a set of devices connected through links.”

“A computer network is a system that connects many independent computers to share


information (data) and resources.”

(Computer Network Example)

(Computer Network Example)


What are the types of computer network?
1. Local area network (LAN) ...
2. Personal area network (PAN) ...
3. Wireless local area network (WLAN) ...
4. Campus area network (CAN) ...
5. Metropolitan area network (MAN) ...
6. Wide area network (WAN) ...

1. LAN: Local area network

2. PAN: Personal area network


3. WLAN: Wireless local area network

4. CAN: Campus area network

5. MAN: Metropolitan area network


6. WAN: Wide area network

What is Data and Information?


Data is raw facts / figures / materials.

Processed data is Information.

What is Communication?
It is the process of sending a data from sender to receiver through channel without noise.

sender channel receiver

noise

What are the main types of data communication systems?


1. Simplex system
2. Half duplex system
3. Full duplex system

1. Simplex System:
Data is sent from the sender to the receiver in one direction only. Examples include television
broadcasting and loudspeakers.

2. Half-duplex System:
Data can be sent in both directions, but not at the same time. For example, a workstation on
a local area network can send data and then immediately receive data from the same
direction. Walkie-talkies use half-duplex transmission.
3. Full-duplex System:
Data can be sent in both directions at the same time. This is the most common type of data
transmission in computer networks. Phone conversations use full-duplex transmission.

What is Protocol?
Set of rules defined for information interchange is protocol.

What is Layer?
A group of protocols defined for specific function is a layer.

What is an open system?


An open system is a system that interacts with other systems by having inputs or outputs.

What is an OSI and ISO?


OSI: Open System Interconnection
ISO: International Standard Organization

ISO has developed OSI Model.

What is meant by OSI?


OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is a reference model for how applications can
communicate to each other over a network.

How many layers are in OSI?


The OSI model is divided into seven distinct layers, each with specific responsibilities.

Why is OSI called a reference model?


It is a theoretical framework for mapping how applications and devices link and send data
over a web of connections. The OSI Model is called a “reference model” because it is rarely
used in practical applications. Instead, it is most helpful in describing network protocols and
services.
What are the layers of OSI Model?

7 Application layer
6 Presentation layer
5 Session layer
4 Transport layer
3 Network layer
2 Datalink layer
1 Physical layer

Show the how the data communication is achieved through OSI reference
Model.

Sender Receive

Channel / Medium / Hardware


Explain the interaction between layers in the OSI model

Explain How the data is exchanged between two computers or nodes?


D: Data
H: Header
T: Trailer

Explain Various OSI Layers and Its Main Functions.

Physical layer

The physical layer is responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop (node) to
the next.

Data Link Layer

The data link layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next.
Network Layer

The network layer is responsible for the delivery of individual packets from the source host
to the destination host.

Transport Layer

The transport layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to
another.

Session Layer

The session layer is responsible for dialog control and synchronization.


Presentation Layer

The presentation layer is responsible for translation, compression, and encryption.

Application Layer

The application layer is responsible for providing services to the user.


Summary of Layers

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