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Table of Contents
ARTS 4..................................................................................................... 2

Lesson 1: LINES........................................................................................... 3

Lesson 2: COLORS....................................................................................... 5

Lesson 3: SHAPES........................................................................................ 8

Lesson 4: REPETITION................................................................................10

Lesson 5: DRAWING...................................................................................12
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ARTS 4
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Lesson 1: LINES
A line is a basic element of all art. Every artist has at some point drawn a
line. You see line art every day and everywhere -- advertisements, posters,
product packaging, logos and even mass media like television and the
internet.

As one of the elements of art, line is an important tool in drawing. Lines

can express emotion, create depth or define a space, and every beginning
artist should master this technique before moving on to a more difficult
techniques.

Kinds of Lines

A. Straight line (Static) - a line does not curve and this travels in a permanent
way traced by a point.

1. Vertical line - this is a line that starts from top and down to the bottom.

2. Horizontal line - this is a line that moves from left to right and this is parallel
to the plane of the horizon.

3. Diagonal line - it is a line that connects one corner with the other corner. This is
a slanted line.

4. Zigzag line - this has short and sharp angles and a combination of diagonal lines.

5. Broken line - a discontinuous line or a succession of dashes. You will see

example of this line on the road.

6. Dotted lines - a line made up of small spots. This is specified in a form or

document even in a contract.
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B. Curved line (Dynamic) - a line that alters direction progressively. It is bent
without any angles.

1. Spiral - it’s a bend on a plane that winds constantly increasing and decreasing by
the gap around a permanent center point.

2. Convex - it illustrates curve outwards

like the edge of a circle. This is in
opposition to concave.

3. Concave - it is illustrated as curved like the inward or inner surface of the sphere.

4. Scroll - it is produce by a series of round shape of concentric circles.

5. Wavy - it is clear by moving a wavelike form or motion.

Lesson 2: COLORS

Color is one of the most powerful of all elements. It has wonderful expressive
qualities. Understanding the uses of colors is crucial to effective composition in design
and the fine arts.
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The word color is the general term which applies to the whole subject - red, orange,
yellow, green, blue, violet, black and white and all possible combinations thereof.

Understanding the color wheel and using color theory in your artwork is a good
idea for ant artist, and especially for oil painters.

In the color wheel, there are twelve colors. Although they might be self-
explanatory, starting from top and going around clockwise they are: Yellow, Yellow-
orange, Orange, Red-orange, Red, Red-violet, Violet, Blue-violet, Blue, Blue-green,
Green, Yellow-green.

There are three Primary Colors which are the most important.

The colors red, blue, and yellow are the primary colors. If you’re an oil painter,
you can get any other color you need by just mixing red, blue, and yellow oil paint.

It’s not always easy, however. Since no tube of paint contains purely one color. All of them
have traces of other of colors as well.

The primary colors are the most powerful, blue, red, are known in particular as power
colors, and yellow is the brightest color in the whole color wheel.
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Mix any two of those primaries together and you’ll get one of these next three hues: the
Secondary Colors.

Green, Orange, and Violet fall in between red, blue, and yellow, and each one is
a Complementary Color to one of the primary colors. It is important to know that
scientifically there are more requirements for being complementary colors. For our
purposes, however, opposites on the color wheel works just fine. Complementary
colors, when put together, appear more vivid than when apart.

Of course, there are still other colors left in the color wheel - the Tertiary Colors,
commonly known as Intermediate Colors.

These six colors fill gaps between primary and secondary colors and are made by
mixing one primary with one secondary.

Properties of colors

HUE - this refers to any of the colors within the visual rage. This property of color
enables to determine by its dominant wavelength which one color differs from one
another.
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VALUE - is the lightness or darkness of a color. The extra white you add to a color or
hue, the lighter the value. It is true also the way you shade or strong stroke the
coloring materials in your drawing book, it varies.

INTENSITY - is the purity or strength of a color. There are many kinds of color blue,
but there are different intensity of blue. You can change the strength of a color by
adding white, black, or gray.

Other Groups of Colors

Warm Colors go from yellow to red on the color wheel, and will appear to visually
come forward in artwork, towards the viewer.

No matter the innate color of an object, under bright light or heat (like the noonday
sun) an entire scene can actually be colored completely by warm hues.

However, you’ll also want to look for Cool Colors. Those often appear when a blue
sky reflects cold light into the shadow areas that the sun can’t touch.

You’ll notice that all colors are not classified as warm or cool - that’s because few
of them can go either way depending on what colors they’re placed next to.

Green are often cool colors, but against a background of blues, they’ll come
forward.

And Red-violet (Magenta) can do the same thing, switching back and forth in
different situations.

You can always use warm and cool colors to increase depth and space in your
paintings. As light travels across a flat surface, it will often be brightest (and warmest)
at one end, and fade to cooler hues in the distance.

And finally, with all twelve colors present, we can start picking out Analogous.

Analogous colors are related found side by side in the color wheel .

Lesson 3: SHAPES
A shape always has two dimensions, length as well as width. This is represented as
an enclosed area that is defined by color, value, space, texture, and form. When lines
form together, they form shapes.

Shapes can be geometrical, rectangles, ovals, and squares.

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Practical Uses of Shapes

As with lines, whether shapes appear as part of a graphic element, such as logo or
illustration, or the shapes themselves are the graphic element, such frames or boxes,
use them purposefully in the overall design.

There are three basic types of shapes:

Geometric shapes

In addition to the basic square, circle, and triangle discussed so far, other
geometric shapes have specific meanings, some culturally-based. An octagon,
especially a red one, usually means stop. A star burst is commonly used to grab
attention and identity something that is new, improved, or on sale.

Natural Shapes
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Natural shapes can add interest and reinforce a theme. Rather than a plain box,
frame text with coiling rope or a spray of leaves or flowers. Use a free form, non-
symmetrical shape to convey a feeling of spontaneity.

Natural shapes that are found in nature, but they are also shapes of man-made
items.

Most natural shapes in Web pages are created with images. Some examples of
natural shapes are leaves and puddles.

Abstract shapes

Some abstract shapes are almost universally recognized and easily ‘read’ even
when the text is an unfamiliar language. The stylized wheelchair, the male and female
symbols for restrooms, and the jagged steps for stairs or an escalator are some
examples. Icons are often abstract or stylized shapes. For example, rectangle with a
‘folded corner’ often indicates a page in a document or a word processing program. A
hollow circle or oval with smaller circles on the ‘path’ may be a literal representation of
a planetary system or of a network, such as a computer network.

An abstract shapes are those that have a recognizable form but are not “real” in
the same way that natural shapes are.
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Lesson 4: REPETITION
Principle of Repetition

The principle of repetition simply means the reusing of the same or similar
elements throughout your design. Repetition of certain design elements in a design
will bring a clear sense of unity, consistency, and cohesiveness.

REPETITION is the use of similar or connected pictorial elements. For example,

similar shapes, colours or lines that are used more than once.

REPETITION can be regular or irregular and even or uneven.

REPETITION can be in the form of RADIATION where the repeated elements spread
out from a central point.

REPETITION may be in the form of GRADATION where the repeated elements slowly
become smaller or larger.

Repetition works with pattern to make the artwork seem active. The repetition of
elements of design creates unity within the artwork. Patterns often occur in nature,
and artists use similar repeated motifs to create pattern in their work. Pattern
increases visual excitement by enriching surface interest.

Design examples:
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Motif

In art, a motif is an element of a pattern, image or part of one. A motif may be

repeated in a design or composition, often many times, or may just occur once in a
work. A motif may be an element in the iconography of a particular subject or type of
subject that is seen in other works.

Ornamental or decorative art can usually be analyzed into a number of different

elements, which can be called motifs. These may often, as in textile, be repeated
many times in a pattern. Important examples in Western art include acanthus, egg and
dart, and various types of scrollwork.

Many designs in mosques in Islamic culture are motifs, including those of the sun,
moon, animals such as horses and lions, flowers, and landscapes. Motifs can have
emotional effects and be used for propaganda
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Lesson 5: DRAWING
I. Drawing Views or Sceneries

During summer, the entire family usually goes out on a vacation or

provincial trips. While looking outside the car or hotel room window, were
you once awed by the beautiful scenes in front of you?

That breathtaking view you see is what we call landscape. There is a part
in the landscape that easily attracts the viewer’s attention. This part is called
the center of interest. The center of interest is sometimes given more
emphasis or the color is more enhanced than the rest. One method of
enhancement is by brightening the color or enlarging that particular part.
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II. Ethnic Designs

Design is truly an important thing to an artwork. Without the design

probably this does not give any interest people. The influence of the native
people’s design patronized by the Filipino people because for its uniqueness
and artistic creation.

Manobo Design

This is a red, black, and white colors designed artistically. You will see
the fabric within the woven horizontal design of the three chosen colors. The
designs could be black bands or alternating bands of red and black, with
white in between.

The name Manobo possibly came from the word Mansuba which also
came from two words such as “man” (person) and “suba” (river), meaning
river people. Presently, the native tribes live in Cotabato near river valleys
and hillsides. Before, they are located in the Northern Mindanao as the first
Manobo settlers.

Maranao Design
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Okil is one of the organized design motifs. The Sarimanok and Naga are
noted among the design motifs of Okil. These two designs are in conceptual
alive forms of a cock and the dragon or snake.

Maranao textiles have complicated designs and colors. This is also a

legendary design of the Maranao because of their very complicated designs
and colors. This symbolizes the status of the wearer. Another famous and a
very all-around article clothing is the tube skirt called as malong. It serves
many purposes.

Ifugao design

Experience the Igorot attire. It is colorful and simple attire but with
unique and unbelievable design motif and style. Males wear the g-string
which is enough to cloth the body parts especially when the weather is
humid.