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 Direction:
Identify the
pictures below.
 Guide Questions?
1. What did you notice in the
pictures?
2. How do you identify the
curve shape?
3. What do you think is our
lesson?
 CONCEPT OF Z-SCORE
NORMAL Finding the Area
DISTRIBUTION Under Normal Curve
and its Probability

Activity # 3
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Normal Distribution
• Is a probability distribution of a
continuous random variable.
• The normal distribution or simply
normal curve is a bell-shaped distribution
which has important role in inferential
statistics.
Normal Distribution
• It provides a graphical representation
of statistical values that are needed in
describing the characteristics of
population as well as in making decisions.
• It is often used in the natural and
social sciences.
Normal Distribution
• Abraham de Moivre,
French-English
Mathematician, an 18th-
century statistician, first
developed the normal
distribution as an
approximation to the
binomial distribution.
Normal Distribution
• Karl Friedrich Gauss,
German Matehmatician
and Scientist, also
developed the concept
of the normal curve from
his study of errors of
repeated measurements
of objects.
Normal Distribution
• The normal
distribution is
sometimes referred to
as the normal curve of
errors or the Gaussian
distribution.
Normal Distribution
• The normal distribution refers to a
continuous probability distribution
described by the normal equation.
𝟏 (𝒙−𝝈)𝟐
𝒇 𝑿 = 𝒆 𝟐𝝈
𝝈 𝟐𝝅
Normal Distribution
• A random variable X whose
distribution has the shape of a normal
curve called a normal random variable.
This random variable X is said to be
normally distributed with mean μ and
standard deviation σ.
Properties of a Normal Curve
1. The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
 Properties of a Normal Curve
2. The curve is symmetrical about its center
3. The mean, median, and mode coincide at
the center.
 Properties of a Normal Curve
4. The tails of the curve flatten out
indefinitely along the horizontal axis but
never touch it. (The curve is asymptote to the
base line)
 Properties of a Normal Curve
5. The total area under the normal curve is
equal to 1 or 100%
Two factors that the graph of the
normal distribution may depend
on:
1. Mean
2. Standard Deviation
 Note:
• Large value of standard deviation
makes the normal curve short and
wide
• Small value of standard deviation
yields a skinnier and taller normal
curve
The Standard Normal Curve
• It is a normal probability distribution
that has a mean μ=0 and a standard
deviation σ=1 unit
The Standard Normal Curve
• Every normal curve (regardless of its mean or
standard deviation) conforms to the following
“Empirical Rule” also called as 68-95-99.7.
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 Z-score
• A z-score measures the distance
between an observation and the
mean, measured in units of standard
deviation.
 To convert a normal random
variable X to a standard normal
variable Z, use the formula for
calculating z-score:
𝒙−𝝁
𝒛 = z-score for the population data
𝝈
𝒙−𝒙
𝒛= z-score for the sample data
𝒔
 Examples:
1. In a Math Test, given x̄=77, and s=14.
Find the z-score value that
corresponds to each of the following
scores (in two decimal places):
a.X=63
b.X=50
c.X=112
 Examples:
2. Given the mean μ = 50 and the
standard deviation, σ = 4 of a
population of reading scores.
Find the z-value that corresponds
to a score X = 58.
 Examples:
4. Locate the z-value that
corresponds to PE score
of 39 given that μ = 45 and
σ = 6.
To convert standard normal variable
Z to a random variable/raw score X,
use the formula for calculating X;
X= μ + z(σ) raw score for the population data
X= x̄ + z(s) raw score for the sample data
Examples:Find the random
variable X that corresponds to
the following:
1. μ = 50, σ = 12, z = 3
2. μ = 50, σ = 12, z = -2.5
3. μ = 35, σ = 15, z = -3
4. x = 83, s = 6, z = 0
5. x̄ = 45, s = 5, z = -0.75
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09
Finding the Area Under
Normal Curve and its
Probability
 Probability Notations
• P (a < z < b) denotes the
probability that the z-score is
between a and b.
• P (z > a) denotes the probability
that the z-score is greater than a
• P (z < a) denotes the probability
that the z-score is less than a
Examples: Find the area under the normal
curve and its probability in each of the
following cases:
1. area above z = -1
2. greater than z = 1
3. between z = -2 and z = -1.5
4. between z = 1.52 and z = 2.5
Examples: Find the area under the normal curve
and its probability in each of the following
cases:
5. The scores of a group of students in a
standardized test are normally distributed with mean
of 60 and standard deviation of 8. Answer the
following:
a. How many percent of the students got below 72?
b. What part of the group scored between 58 and
76?
c. If there were 250 students who took the test,
about how many students scored higher than 64?
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 Activity # 3
Direction: Answer the following questions. Show
your complete solution.
1. Determine the z value for each of the
following X values for a normal distribution
with μ = 20 and σ = 3
a. X = 12
b. X = 8
2. Find the random variable X that
corresponds to μ = 30, σ = 10, z = 4.
 Activity # 3
Direction: Answer the following questions. Show
your complete solution.
3. For a continuous random variable
that has a normal distribution with
mean of 20 and a standard deviation of
4, find the area under the normal curve
from X = 20 and X = 27.
 Activity # 3
Direction: Answer the following questions.
Show your complete solution.
4. In a Math test, the mean score is
45 and the standard deviation is 4.
Assuming normality, what is the
probability that a score picked at
random will lie above score 50.
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