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Unit - 6 - Science - Elements and Compounds

The document provides an overview of atoms, elements, and compounds, explaining that an atom is the smallest unit of matter and elements consist of the same types of atoms. It details the structure of an atom, the periodic table, and the properties of metals and non-metals, along with examples and uses of specific elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and aluminum. Additionally, it distinguishes between molecules and compounds, noting that all compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.

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5 views1 page

Unit - 6 - Science - Elements and Compounds

The document provides an overview of atoms, elements, and compounds, explaining that an atom is the smallest unit of matter and elements consist of the same types of atoms. It details the structure of an atom, the periodic table, and the properties of metals and non-metals, along with examples and uses of specific elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and aluminum. Additionally, it distinguishes between molecules and compounds, noting that all compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.

Uploaded by

arslanraza2022
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science: Unit 6.

Elements, and Compounds

Atom: Elements:
Atom is the smallest unit of a matter. An atom cannot be divided into Element is a matter which consist of same types of
smaller parts. atoms.
Atoms can be combined to form Molecule. There are 118 elements that found naturally on Earth.
Example: Gold, Copper and Silver.
Structure of an Atom:
There are three sub-atomic particles of an atom. Periodic Table:
1. Proton: Periodic table is the tabular arrangements of all known
Protons are positive charged particles present in the Nucleus. elements on the basis of their atomic numbers.
2. Neutron:
Neutrons have no charge. Neutrons are present in the Nucleus. Atomic Number:
3. Electrons: Atomic number is the number of protons in the Nucleus
Electron are negative Charged particles that revolves around the Nucleus of an Atom.
in the Shell.
First Ten Elements of Periodic Table:
Metals and Non-Metals hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon,
Elements are classified into two main groups. I.e., Metals and Non-Metals Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon.

Properties of Metals Properties of Non-Metals


Metals are good conductor of heat and Non-metals are poor conductor of
electricity. electricity.

Metals have high melting and boiling Non-metals have low melting and
points. boiling points.

Metals are malleable (can be bent and Non-Metals are not malleable.
by beating)
Non-metals are not sonorous. Elements and their Uses:
Metals are sonorous (can produce Carbon: (C)
sound when hit). Non-metals are not lustrous. Carbon is found in all the living things, 18% of our body
mass (‫ )وزن‬is made up of Carbon.
Metals are lustrous (reflect light) Example: Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur Uses of Carbon: Carbon is used almost in every industry
Example: Iron, Gold, Aluminum,
in the world. It is used in Plastics, fuels and Paints.
Copper
Molecule and Compounds:
Hydrogen: (H)
Atoms of some Elements like Hydrogen and Oxygen cannot live alone hydrogen is the most abundantly found element in the
that’s why the combined and form Molecule. world. Hydrogen is also present in Human body.
Uses of Hydrogen:
Hydrogen is used in Fertilizers, Rocket Fuels, and
Compound Molecule processing industries.
A compound is a specific type of A molecule is a group of two or Nitrogen: (N)
molecule that is made up of two more atoms chemically bonded Nitrogen is everywhere around us. 78% of Earth
or more different elements together, which can be either the atmosphere is consist of nitrogen.
chemically bonded in fixed same or different elements. Nitrogen is Colorless and odourless.
proportions. Uses of Nitrogen:
A molecule is the smallest unit of a Nitrogen is used Dyes, Foods, Fertilizers and Explosives.
All compounds are molecules, chemical compound.
but not all molecules are Aluminum: Aluminum is light weight Silver-White metal.
compounds. Example: O₂, H₂O It is found naturally on Earth Crust.
Used of Aluminum: Used in Construction industries,
Example: NaCl, CO₂ Windows frames and structural units. Also used in Cars,
aircrafts, spacecraft and Ships.

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