Work, Energy and Power

1. Find the work done by a force of 5 N in displacing a book through 20 cm along the direction of the push.
(a) 1J (b) 3J
(c) 4 J (d) 5J

2. A ball of mass 1 kg thrown upwards reaches a maximum height of 5 m . Calculate the work done by the force of
gravity during this vertical displacement.
(a) 30 J (b) 48 J
(c) 49 J (d) 59 J

3. An object of mass 1 kg is raised through a height ' h ' . Its potential energy is increased by 1 J . Find the height.
(a) 0.102 m (b) 0.105 m
(c) 0.130 m (d) 0.110 m

4. Find the kinetic energy of a ball of mass 200 g moving at a speed of 20 cm s 1 .

(a) 0.4 J (b) 0.004 J
(c) 0.001 J (d) 0.01 J

5. Find the work done by a student in lifting a 0.5 kg book from the ground and keeping it on a shelf of height 1.5 m .
(a) 8.30 J (b) 7.35 J
(c) 5.40 J (d) 0.1 J

6. A block of mass 1 kg slides down on an inclined plane with the angle of inclination of 30o . Find the work done as
the block slides through 50 cm .
(a) 3.45 J (b) 5.30 J
(c) 2.45 J (d) 4.50 J

7. A body of mass 0.5 kg is taken to a height Re above the earth's surface, where Re is the radius of the earth. If the
body is now raised through a height of 2 m , what is the increase in its potential energy?
(a) 0.25 J (b) 0.50 J
(c) 0.75 J (d) 1.25 J

8. A force of 10 N displaces an object through 20 cm and does the work of 1 J in the process. Find the angle between
the force and displacement.
(a)   60o (b)   50o
(c)   35o (d)   45o

9. How long will it take to perform 440 J of work at the rate of 11 W ?

(a) 50s (b) 40s
(c) 30s (d) 20s

10. When a stone tied to a string is whirled in a circle, what kind of work is said to be done on it by the string?
(a) Positive
(b) Negative
(c) Zero
(d) Undefined

2
11. A man with a box on his head is climbing up a ladder. What work is said to be done by the man on the box?
(a) Positive (b) Negative
(c) Zero (d) Undefined

12. A ball is thrown upwards from point A . It reaches up to point B and returns. What can be concluded?
(a) Kinetic energy at A  kinetic energy at B
(b) Potential energy at A  potential energy at B
(c) Potential energy at B  kinetic energy at B
(d) Potential energy at B  kinetic energy at A

13. A does 500 J of work in 10 minutes and B does 600 J of work in 20 minutes. The power delivered by A and
B is P1 and P2 respectively. Find the relation between P1 and P2 .
(a) P1  P2
(b) P1  P2
(c) P1  P2
(d) P1 and P2 are undefined

14. The mass of a body is increased by 100% and velocity of a body is decreased by 50% . What is the percentage
change in its kinetic energy?
(a) 50% (b) 50%
(c) 75% (d) 150%

15. When the mass and velocity of the body are doubled/ what happens to its kinetic energy?
(a) It gets doubled.
(b) It gets quadrupled.
(c) It becomes eight times.
(d) It becomes one fourth.

16. By how much does the kinetic energy of a particle increase if the velocity is increased by a factor of three?
(a) 6 (b) 7
(c) 8 (d) 9

17. 800 g ball is pulled up a slope as shown in the figure.

Calculate the potential energy it gains.

(a) 1.96 J (b) 1.57 J
(c) 7.84 J (d) 1.26 J

18. The heart of a man pumps 4 litres of blood per minute at a pressure of 130 mm of mercury. If the density of
mercury is 13.6 g cm3 , calculate the power of the heart.
(a) 1.144 W (b) 2.145 W
(c) 1.155 W (d) 3.155 W

19. A body falling from a height of 10 m rebounds from a hard floor. It loses 20% of its energy in the impact. What
could be the height to which it would rise after the impact?
(a) 7 m (b) 5 m
(c) 8 m (d) 6 m

3
20. A force of 5 N acts on an object. The displacement is perpendicular to the direction of the force. What is the work
done?
(a) 5J (b) 1J
(c) 100J (d) 0J

21. The kinetic energy of a body is increased by 21% . What is the percentage increase in the linear momentum of the
body?
(a) 20% (b) 10%
(c) 30% (d) 5%

22. A lorry and a car with the same kinetic energy are brought to rest by the application of brakes which provide equal
retarding forces. Which of them will come to rest in a shorter distance?
(a) Lorry
(b) Car
(c) Both will stop at the same distance
(d) Car stops first but takes longer distance.

23. What should be the angle between the force and displacement for maximum work?
(a) 0o (b) 30o
o
(c) 60 (d) 90o

24. A block of wood of mass 250 g is moving at a speed of 4 m s 1 . Find its K.E. in Joules.
(a) 4 J (b) 2J
(c) 1J (d) 10J

25. If P.E. of the body and the height through which it falls freely are plotted on a graph, it may be noted that the total
energy remains the same. Which of the following graphs shows this relation correctly?

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

26. A block of mass 20 kg is pulled over a smooth inclined plane through 3 m as shown in the figure. The plane makes
an angle of 30o with the base. The force applied is parallel to the base. (g  10 m s 2 )

Assuming that no energy is lost otherwise, what is the gain in the P.E. of the block?
(a) 30J
(b) 20J
(c) 300J
(d) 600J

4
27. The rectangular components of a force are applied to move a body. One of the components is 30 N . What should
be the other component to obtain a resultant force of 50 N ?
(a) 30 N (b) 40 N
(c) 50 N (d) 90 N

28. A stone is thrown vertically up. What happens to its RE. during its motion of upward journey ?
(a) Decreases till it becomes minimum
(b) Increases till it becomes maximum
(c) First decreases and then increases
(d) First increases and then decreases

29. Water is falling at the rate of 1000 kg per second. The height of the fall is about 100 m . The potential energy of
water when it falls on the blades will be conveyed to them and P.E. is converted into K.E. of blades. Estimate the
power that could be generated, if energy is not lost otherwise (Take the value of gas 10 ms 2 ).
(a) 10 W (b) 100 W
6
(c) 10 W (d) 105 W

30. What energy does the person possess while climbing a hill?
(a) Only P.E.
(b) Only K.E.
(c) Only muscular energy
(d) Both (a) and (b)

31. A gun fires a bullet of mass m with velocity v . The mass of the gun is M and it recoils with velocity V . If the kinetic
energy of the bullet is Eb and that of the gun is Eg ' identify the relation between Eb and Eg ' .
(a) Eb  Eg (b) Eb  Eg
(c) Eb  Eg (d) Eb  Eg

32. Which of the following is NOT a measure of energy?

(a) J s (b) W s
(c) kWh (d) erg

33. Find the power of a pump which takes 10 s to draw 100 kg of water from a tank situated at a height of 20 m .
(a) 2  104 W (b) 2  103 W
(c) 200 W (d) 1 kW

34. Calculate the kinetic energy of a body of mass 10 kg moving with a velocity 2 m s 1 .
(a) 40 J
(b) 20 J
(c) 30 J
(d) 10 J

35. A girl of mass 40 kg climbs 50 stairs each of average height 20 cm in 50 s . Find the power of the girl (g  10 m s 2 )
.
(a) 50 W
(b) 50  20 W
(c) 80 W
(d) 50  20  2 W

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36. In which of the following cases is the work done the maximum?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

37. An engine can pump 40,000 litres of water to a vertical height of 35 metres in 5 minutes. Calculate the gravitational
potential energy of water at the given height.
(a) 39.2  104 J (b) 1.4  106 J
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(c) 1.37  10 J (d) 8.5  103 J

38. In which of the following applications is work NOT done?

(a) Shopping in the supermarket
(b) Standing with a basket of fruits on the head
(c) Climbing a tree to pluck fruits
(d) Pushing a wheelbarrow of bricks

39. A boy lifts a book of known weight from the surface of a table. To calculate the work done, what does he need to
know?
(a) The mass of the book
(b) The height
(c) The cost of the book
(d) The time taken by him

40. Two bodies of unequal masses possess the same momentum. Which of the following can be concluded?
(a) Heavier mass possesses lesser K.E.
(b) The masses of the two bodies are in the direct ratio of their velocities.
(c) Lighter mass possesses less K.E.
(d) Both (a) and (b)

41. A 20 kg ball is thrown upwards with a speed of 6 m s 1 . Find the maximum height it reaches (g  9.8 m s 2 ) .
(a) 2.86 m
(b) 1.88 m
(c) 3.82 m
(d) 1.84 m

42. In a factory, due to a sudden strike the work usually done in a day took a longer time. Which of the following
happened?
(a) Power increased.
(b) Power decreased.
(c) Energy increased.
(d) Energy decreased.

6
43. A boy moved a body through 3 m in four different ways. In which of the following cases was the work done the
maximum?
(a) Pushing a body over an inclined plane
(b) Lifting a body vertically upwards
(c) Pushing a body over smooth rollers
(d) Pushing on a plane horizontal surface

44. Work is said to be NOT done when an object moves

(a) at an angle of 90o to the direction of the force.
(b) at an angle opposite to the direction of the force.
(c) at any angle to the direction of the force.
(d) along the direction of the force.

45. Two bodies of masses ' m ' and ' 2m ' are thrown upwards with a velocity of ' u ' and ' 3u ' from the surface
respectively. What is the ratio of their potential energies at the highest point?
(a) 1 : 9 (b) 3 : 1
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 4 : 1

46. An engine of 4.9 kW power is used to pump water from a well which is 20 m deep. What quantity of water in
kilolitres can it pump out in 30 minutes?
(a) 45 kl (b) 75 kl
(c) 25 kl (d) 90 kl

47. A ball dropped from a 20 m height loses 40% of its energy on hitting the ground. Up to what height does the ball
rebound?
(a) 28 m (b) 8 m
(c) 12 m (d) 20 m

48. The work done by a man in holding a 15 kg suitcase while waiting for a bus for 45 minutes is
(a) 675 J (b) 405 J
(c) 450 J (d) zero

49. Three different stones P, Q and R of different weights are lifted from the ground level to different heights on
different planets as given below:
P: A 250 g stone is lifted to 10 m on the Earth.
Q: A 800 g stone is lifted to 2 m on Saturn.
R: A 1kg stone is lifted to 1 m on Jupiter.

Which of the following statements is true? (Given that the acceleration due to gravity on the Earth, the Saturn and
the Jupiter are 10 m s 2 , 15 m s 2 and 25 m s 2 respectively).
(a) More energy is required to lift stone Q than stone P .
(b) More energy is required to lift stone P than stone R .
(c) Stone P and stone Q require the same amount of energy.
(d) Stone P and stone R require the same amount of energy.

50. A ball is projected upwards. As it rises, there is an increase in its

(a) momentum
(b) retardation
(c) kinetic energy
(d) potential energy

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51. A ball of mass 2 kg and another of mass 4 kg are dropped together from a 60 feet tall building. What will be the
ratio of their kinetic energies after a fall of 30 feet?
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 4
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 2

52. Rahul takes 1 minute to raise a box to a height of 1 metre and Rohan takes 1 / 2 minute to do the same. Which of
the following is true of the energy spent by the two?
(a) Energy spent by Rahul is more.
(b) Energy spent by both Rahul and Rohan is the same.
(c) Energy spent by Rohan is more.
(d) Energy spent by Rahul is less.

53. When a force retards the motion of a body, the work done by the force during retardation is
(a) zero
(b) negative
(c) positive
(d) positive or negative depending upon the magnitude of force.

54. Analyse the given statements and choose the correct option.
Statement I: The kinetic energy, with any reference, must be positive.
Statement II: The kinetic energy and the square velocity are related.
(a) Both statement I and statement II are correct and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I.
(b) Both statement I and statement II are correct, but statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I.
(c) Statement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect.
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but statement II is correct.

55. Rakesh lifts a heavy book from the floor of the room and puts it in the book shelf of height 2 m . In this process, he
takes 5 seconds. On which of the following does the work done by him depend?
(a) Mass of the book and the time taken to do work
(b) Weight of the book and the height of the book shelf
(c) Height of the book shelf and the time taken to do work
(d) Mass of the book, height of the book shelf and the time taken to do work

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 Answers With Solutions

1. (a) W  5  0.2  cos 0o  1 J

(   0 since ' F ' and ' S ' are in the same direction).

2. (c) W  F S cos   mg S cos 

(   180o since F and ' S ' are in the opposite directions)

3. (a) mgh  1 J  1  9.8  h  1

1
 h  0.102 m
9.8

1
4. (b) K.E.   0.2  0.2  0.2  0.004 J
2

5. (b) W  P.E.  mgh  0.5  9.8  1.5

 4.9  1.5  7.35 J

6. (c) W  F S  mg sin  S

 1  9.8  sin 30  0.5  2.45 J

2
 Re  g 2
7. (a) g '  g     0.25 m s
R
 e  Re  4

 Increase in P.E.  mg ' h

 0.5  0.25  2  0.25 J

8. (a) W  F s cos 

W 1 1
cos    
F  S 10  0.2 2
1
cos      60o
2
o
The angle between the force and displacement is 60 .

440 440
9. (b) 11  t  40 s
t 11

9
10. (c) Work done by the centripetal force is zero.

o
11. (a) Since, the force and the displacement are in the same direction, the angle between them is 0 .
W  FS cos   FS cos 0o

 FS (since cos0o  1 )
Work done is taken as positive.

12. (d) From point A , the body is thrown upwards and hence it acquires K.E. and when it reaches the maximum height
at point B , it acquires P.E.

W1 500 5
13. (b) P1    watt  0.83 watt
t1 10  60 6

W2 600 1
P2    watt  0.5 watt
t2 20  60 2

Hence, P1  P2

14. (b) Mass of body m  100% of m

100
 m m2m
100
50 v 1
Velocity  v  v  , K.E.  mv2
100 2 2
2
1 1 v mv2 1
KE1 m1v12  (2m)     KE
2 2  2 4 2

Percentage change in
KE1  KE
 KE   100  50%
KE
 KE of the body decreases by 50%

1 2
15. (c) KE  mv
2
On doubling the mass and velocity of the body,
1
m '  2m; v '  2v,  K.E.'  m '(v ')2
2
1 1
  (2m)(2v)2   8mv2  8 K.E.
2 2

10
 1 2 1
16. (d) K.E.  mv , K.E.1  mv12
2 2
1
 m(3v)2  9 K.E.
2
 Kinetic energy increases by 9 times, if the velocity increases by a factor of three.

17. (b) P.E.  mgh  0.8  9.8  0.2

 1.568 J or 1.57 J

130  103  13.6  10 3  9.8  4  10 3

18. (c) P 
60
 1.155 W

19. (c) 80% of mgh  mgh '

8 8  10
 h1  h   8 m.
10 10

20. (d) Since, the displacement is in the perpendicular direction, the work done by the force will be zero.

21. (b) % increase in momentum Change in momentum

Change in momentum
= ×100
Initial momentum

22. (c) Loss of K.E.  work done  FS

Both the retarding force F and K.E. are the same. So, both the lorry and the car would come to rest at the same
distance.

23. (a) When   0o , cos  is maximum.

So, W is maximum at   0o
1 2 1
24. (b) K.E.  mv   0.25  16  2 J
2 2

25. (a) As the body keeps falling P.E. goes on decreasing.

26. (c) W  F sin  S  mg sin  S

11
  20 kg  10 m s 2  sin 30o  3

1
 20  10   3  300 J
2

27. (b) Let the unknown component be ' x ' .

 502  302  x 2
x 2  2500  900, x 2  1600

x  1600, x  40 N

28. (b) When a stone is thrown up vertically, the P.E. increases till it becomes maximum.

29. (c) P.E.  mgh  100  10  100

6
Power  10 W

30. (d) A person climbing a hill will have both P.E. and K.E.

1 2 1
31. (c) Eb  mv , Eg  MV 2
2 2
2
Since KE  V and v  V , Eb  Eg

32. (a) Units of energy are joule, erg, watt second or kWh

mgh 100  10  20
33. (b) P  
t 10
3
 2 kW or 2  10 W

1 1 1
34. (b) K.E.  MV 2   10  (2)2   10  4
2 2 2
 20 joule

35. (c) W  mgh  40  10  0.2  50

W 40  10  0.2  50
P   80 W
t 50

36. (c) Work done will be maximum if the angle between F and S is 90o .

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37. (c) 1000 litres=1 m3
Volume of water =40,000 litres

40,000
= =40 m3
1000
Mass of water, m density  volume
 1000  40  40,000 kg

P.E.  mgh  40,000  9.8  35

 1.37  107 J

38. (b) No work is done when a person is standing stationary with a basket of fruits on his head.

39. (B) P.E. is involved, mass is known. So, he requires height.

40. (a) Momentum of the heavy body  MV

Momentum of the light body  mv

The momenta are equal MV  mv ,

M v
 
m V
Masses are in the inverse ratio of velocities.
So, heavier mass will possess less K.E.

1 2
41. (d) K.E.  mv
2
1 1
 (20)(6)2   20  36 J  360 J
2 2
At the highest point, the kinetic energy becomes zero, thus the entire K.E. of 360 J is converted into P.E . So the

P.E. at the highest point is 360 J

P.E.  360  20  9.8  h

360
h  1.84 m
20  9.8
360
h  1.84 m
20  9.8

13
 W 1
42. (b) P  ,So, P . P decreased as workers on strike have decreased the production or took long time to do the
t t
work.
43. (b) More work is done when a body is lifted vertically upwards.

44. (a) W  F S  F cos S  F cos 90 S  0

45. (a) The maximum height reached by a body

u2 u2
h  h1 
2g 2g

u12 u2
 h1   h1 
2g 2g

u22 (3u)2 9u2

 h2   h2  
2g 2g 2g

9u2
 P.E.  m1 g1h and P.E.2 
2g

u2 mu2
 m g   … (1)
2g 2

9u2 9mu2
m g   … (2)
2g 2

Dividing (1) by (2) we get,

mu2
P.E1 1
 2 2 
P.E2 9mu 9
2

46. (a) Power  4.9 kW  4900 Watt

Work done (30 min)  4900  30  60 J

If m is the mass of water in kg that is pumped out from a depth of 20 m in 30 minutes, then total work done for
30 min  mgh  m  9.8  20 J

 4900  30  60  m  9.8  20
4900  30  60
 m  45k l
9.8  20

47. (c) Let h2 be the height to which ball rebounds.

Given, % loss of energy

14
 mgh1  mgh2 20  h2
  100 , 40   100
mgh1 20

48. (d) Work done by a man in holding a suitcase while waiting for a bus, i.e. he is in stationary position. As there is no
displacement, no work is done by him.

49. (d) Work done in all the 3 cases  mgh

Work done by P  mgh
 0.25  10  10  25 J

Work done by Q  mgh  0.8  15  2  24 J

Work done by R  mgh  1  25  1  25 J

50. (d) When a ball is projected upwards its velocity decreases and its height increases.
Hence, K.E. decreases whereas P.E. increases.

51. (c) m1  2 kg

m2  4 kg; h1  60 ft; h2  30 ft

According to the law of conservation of energy,  K.E.   P.E.

K.E.1 m1 g(h1  h2 ) 2 kg(60  30)

  
K.E.2 m2 g(h1  h2 ) 4 kg(60  30)

2
  1: 2
4

52. (b) Energy required  mgh . In both the cases, h and m is the same. Hence, energy spent by both of them is same.

53. (b) When force retards the motion of a body, the work done is negative.

54. (a) K.E. with any reference must be positive as in its expression, velocity appears as a square i.e., with power 2 and
mass is never negative.
55. (b) Work done  mg  h  weight  height

15