Here are the answers for the exercises in Chapters 1 to 3 based on the Grade 4 computing curriculum:

Chapter 1: Understanding Computers

Assessment Exercise
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Which part of the computer is known as the "brain" of the computer?
Answer: c) CPU
2. Which of the following is an input device?
Answer: c) Keyboard
3. What does RAM stand for?
Answer: b) Random Access Memory
2. Fill in the Blanks:
1. A monitor is used to display the output from the computer.
2. A keyboard is an example of an input device.
3. The hard drive (or storage) stores data and information for long-term use.
4. The CPU processes data and instructions in the computer.
3. True or False:
1. The CPU is part of the computer that performs all the calculations.
Answer: True
2. The keyboard is used to display information on the screen.
Answer: False
3. A printer is an output device.
Answer: True
4. The mouse is used to type letters and numbers.
Answer: False
4. Short Answer Questions:
1. What is the role of the CPU in a computer?
Answer: The CPU (Central Processing Unit) processes all data and instructions, and controls the
operation of the entire computer system.
2. Name two output devices.
Answer: Monitor and Printer

Chapter 2: Algorithms and Flowcharts

Assessment Exercise
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. An algorithm is:
Answer: b) A step-by-step process to solve a problem
2. A flowchart is used to:
Answer: b) Represent an algorithm visually
2. Fill in the Blanks:
1. A flowchart uses symbols and arrows to show the steps of an algorithm.
2. An algorithm is a set of instructions used to solve a problem.
3. The diamond symbol in a flowchart represents a decision or a choice.
4. Arrows in a flowchart are used to show actions or tasks.
3. True or False:
1. An algorithm can be used to solve both simple and complex problems.
Answer: True
2. Flowcharts use circles to represent decisions.
Answer: False (they use diamonds)
3. An algorithm must have a clear start and end.
Answer: True
4. Practical Task:
Create a flowchart that represents the process of making a cup of tea.
Answer: Steps to include in a flowchart:
1. Start
2. Boil water
3. Add tea bag to cup
 4. Pour hot water into the cup
5. Let it steep
6. Add milk/sugar (optional)
7. Stir
8. Serve and enjoy
9. End

Chapter 3: Introduction to Programming

Assessment Exercise
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. What is programming?
Answer: b) Writing instructions for a computer to follow
2. In Scratch programming, which block is used to make a sprite move forward?
Answer: c) Move block
2. Fill in the Blanks:
1. A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.
2. A sprite is the character or object that moves on the screen in Scratch.
3. A loop repeats a set of instructions until a condition is met.
4. In Scratch, the move block is used to make a sprite move a certain number of steps.
3. True or False:
1. Programming allows you to tell a computer what to do.
Answer: True
2. Loops are used in programming to repeat actions.
Answer: True
3. A sprite can only move left and right in Scratch.
Answer: False (sprites can move in all directions)
4. Programming Task:
Write the steps in Scratch to make a sprite move 10 steps when the space bar is pressed.
Answer:
1. Drag a "When space key pressed" block to the workspace.
2. Attach a "Move 10 steps" block below it.

Chapter 1: Understanding Computers

Assessment Exercise
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Which device is used to store large amounts of data permanently?
Answer: b) Hard Drive
2. Which of the following is not an output device?
Answer: c) Scanner
3. Which component of a computer temporarily stores data and is erased when the computer is turned
off?
Answer: a) RAM
2. Fill in the Blanks:
1. The operating system allows the user to interact with the computer using a graphical interface.
2. The CPU is responsible for all the processing and computation in the computer.
3. The printer is a device used to convert digital data into printed form.
4. The mouse controls the movement of the cursor on the screen.
3. True or False:
1. The monitor is used to provide input to the computer.
Answer: False
2. RAM stores data temporarily while the computer is running.
Answer: True
3. The hard drive is used to store information permanently.
Answer: True
4. The mouse is an output device.
Answer: False
4. Short Answer Questions:
 1. Explain the difference between RAM and a hard drive.
Answer: RAM (Random Access Memory) temporarily stores data that is currently being used by the
computer and is erased when the computer is turned off. The hard drive is a long-term storage device
where data is saved permanently, even when the computer is turned off.
2. Name two input devices and two output devices.
Answer:
▪ Input devices: Keyboard, Mouse
▪ Output devices: Monitor, Printer

Chapter 2: Algorithms and Flowcharts

Assessment Exercise
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good algorithm?
Answer: b) Should have a clear start and end
2. In a flowchart, which shape is used to represent a process or task?
Answer: b) Rectangle
3. What is the purpose of an algorithm?
Answer: a) To solve a problem
2. Fill in the Blanks:
1. A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm.
2. The oval shape in a flowchart represents the start or end of an algorithm.
3. The diamond symbol is used in flowcharts to show a decision.
4. An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions to solve a problem.
3. True or False:
1. A flowchart uses symbols to represent different parts of an algorithm.
Answer: True
2. Algorithms can only solve simple problems.
Answer: False
3. An algorithm must be clear, concise, and follow a logical order.
Answer: True
4. A rectangle in a flowchart represents a decision point.
Answer: False (Rectangles represent tasks, decisions use diamonds.)
4. Practical Task:
Draw a flowchart to show the steps involved in planting a seed in a garden.
Answer:
o Start
o Prepare the soil
o Dig a hole
o Place the seed in the hole
o Cover the seed with soil
o Water the seed
o Wait for the seed to grow
o End

Chapter 3: Introduction to Programming

Assessment Exercise
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. What is the purpose of programming?
Answer: b) To give instructions to the computer
2. In Scratch, which block allows a sprite to repeat an action multiple times?
Answer: a) Forever block
3. Which of the following is a popular programming language used by beginners?
Answer: d) All of the above (Scratch, Python, JavaScript)
2. Fill in the Blanks:
1. A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.
2. A sprite is the character or object that moves on the screen in Scratch.
3. In Scratch, the If block is used to make decisions based on conditions.
 4. A loop is used in programming to repeat a set of actions multiple times.
3. True or False:
1. Programming helps you create games, animations, and websites.
Answer: True
2. The "Forever" block in Scratch repeats an action only once.
Answer: False
3. A "Loop" is used to repeat instructions in programming.
Answer: True
4. Scratch programming is only used to create games.
Answer: False
4. Programming Task:
Write down the steps to create a Scratch program where a sprite moves 10 steps forward when the space key
is pressed and makes a sound.
Answer:
1. Drag the "When space key pressed" block into the workspace.
2. Attach the "Move 10 steps" block to it.
3. Add a "Play sound" block below the "Move 10 steps" block.
4. Choose a sound to play (e.g., "Meow").

Chapter 1: Advanced Understanding of Computers

• Connect and allow communication between different parts of the computer.
• Initializing the hardware and loading the operating system.
• Flash storage.
• RAM (Random Access Memory).
• Heat sink or Cooling fan.
• Motherboard.
• Flash memory.
• True.
• False (SSDs have no moving parts and are less prone to mechanical failure).
• False (The BIOS is updated rarely, usually when necessary for hardware compatibility).
• False (RAM is temporary storage).
• RAM is temporary and volatile, meaning it loses its data when the computer is turned off. ROM (Read-Only
Memory) is permanent and non-volatile, used to store firmware and boot-up instructions.
• Speed: SSDs are much faster at reading and writing data compared to hard drives. Durability: SSDs have no
moving parts, making them more resistant to physical damage.

Chapter 2: Advanced Algorithms and Flowcharts

• An algorithm that calls itself to solve a smaller version of the problem.
• Two vertical lines.
• It always chooses the optimal solution at each step.
• Parallelogram.
• Divide-and-conquer.
• Decision.
• Time-efficient.
• True.
• True.
• False (Recursion can sometimes be slower and consume more memory).
• False (Decisions are shown using diamonds).
• Function Factorial(n)
o If n is 1
o Return 1
o Else
o Return n * Factorial(n - 1)
End Function

Chapter 3: Advanced Programming Concepts

• If-Else statement.
 • Broadcast block.
• Finding and fixing errors in the code.
• Repeat block.
• Information (or data).
• When key pressed.
• Conditions.
• True.
• True.
• False (Variables can store different types of data, such as text or numbers).
• True.
• When the space key is pressed:
o Move 100 steps
o Turn 90 degrees
o Repeat this 4 times to complete the square
Answers
Chapter 1: Advanced Understanding of Computers
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
o What does CPU stand for?
Answer: a) Central Processing Unit
o What is the primary function of RAM in a computer?
Answer: b) Temporarily store data and instructions
2. Fill in the Blanks:
o The CPU is the main component that performs calculations in a computer.
o Optical storage is a type of storage that uses optical disks to read and write data.
3. True or False:
o SSDs use spinning disks to read and write data.
Answer: False
o The power supply unit provides electricity to all the components of a computer.
Answer: True
4. Short Answer Questions:
o What is the purpose of an operating system?
Answer: The operating system manages computer hardware and software resources and provides
common services for computer programs.
o Name two types of input devices.
Answer: Keyboard and mouse.

Chapter 2: Advanced Algorithms and Flowcharts

1. Multiple Choice Questions:
o Which symbol is used in flowcharts to represent a process?
Answer: c) Rectangle
o In a flowchart, what does the diamond shape represent?
Answer: c) Decision
2. Fill in the Blanks:
o An algorithm is a set of steps to solve a problem.
o In flowcharts, the oval shape is used to indicate the start or end of a process.
3. True or False:
o A flowchart can help visualize complex algorithms.
Answer: True
o An iterative algorithm always requires less memory than a recursive algorithm.
Answer: False
4. Short Answer Questions:
o What is the difference between a linear search and a binary search?
Answer: A linear search checks each element one by one, while a binary search divides the list in half
and checks the middle element, requiring the list to be sorted.
o Describe a scenario where a flowchart could be useful.
Answer: Flowcharts can be useful in planning out a software development process or illustrating a
step-by-step procedure, such as how to solve a math problem.
Chapter 3: Advanced Programming Concepts
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
o In programming, what does the term "debugging" refer to?
Answer: c) Finding and fixing errors
o Which block in Scratch would you use to stop a program?
Answer: a) Stop block
2. Fill in the Blanks:
o A variable in programming is a named storage location that can hold different types of data.
o The repeat block in Scratch is used to perform a set of instructions repeatedly.
3. True or False:
o Events in Scratch are used to trigger actions.
Answer: True
o A variable can only hold numeric values.
Answer: False
4. Short Answer Questions:
o What are the benefits of using functions in programming?
Answer: Functions help organize code, promote reusability, and make programs easier to read and
maintain.
o Explain how a sprite interacts with the user in a Scratch project.
Answer: A sprite can respond to user inputs, such as keyboard presses or mouse clicks, to perform
actions or change behaviors in the Scratch project.

Answers for A* Students

Chapter 1: Advanced Understanding of Computers
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
o Which of the following components is primarily responsible for executing instructions in a computer?
▪ Answer: b) CPU
o What type of memory is used to store the firmware in a computer?
▪ Answer: b) ROM
2. Fill in the Blanks:
o The ROM is a permanent memory that retains data even when the computer is turned off.
o A Wi-Fi card is a component that allows the computer to connect to a network wirelessly.
3. True or False:
o True: Virtual memory allows a computer to use hard drive space as additional RAM.
o False: The CPU can operate independently of the motherboard.
4. Short Answer Questions:
o Explain the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory, providing examples of each.
▪ Answer: Volatile memory, such as RAM (Random Access Memory), loses its data when the
power is turned off. Non-volatile memory, such as ROM (Read-Only Memory), retains data
even when the power is off.
o How do input and output devices work together in a computing environment? Provide two examples.
▪ Answer: Input devices, like keyboards and mice, allow users to enter data into the computer.
Output devices, like monitors and printers, present data processed by the computer back to
the user. Together, they facilitate interaction between the user and the computer.

Chapter 2: Advanced Algorithms and Flowcharts

1. Multiple Choice Questions:
o Which algorithmic strategy divides the problem into smaller subproblems that can be solved
independently?
▪ Answer: b) Divide and conquer
o In flowcharts, what is the purpose of a loop structure?
▪ Answer: b) To repeat a set of instructions
2. Fill in the Blanks:
o The greedy algorithm is known for making the locally optimal choice at each stage in hopes of finding
a global optimum.
o A flowchart uses a rectangle shape to represent a process step.
 3. True or False:
o False: The time complexity of a binary search algorithm is O(n). (It is actually O(log n).)
o False: A flowchart can only represent linear algorithms, not recursive ones. (Flowcharts can represent
both linear and recursive algorithms.)
4. Short Answer Questions:
o Describe how you would represent a simple sorting algorithm using a flowchart. Include key decision
points.
▪ Answer: A flowchart for a simple sorting algorithm, like bubble sort, would start with a loop
that compares adjacent elements in a list. If the first element is greater than the second, the
two elements would be swapped. The process continues until the list is sorted. Key decision
points include checking if the list is sorted after each pass.
o Discuss the importance of algorithm efficiency in computing. Why is it vital to consider?
▪ Answer: Algorithm efficiency is crucial because it impacts the performance of a program,
especially with large datasets. Efficient algorithms use fewer resources (time and memory),
leading to faster execution and improved user experience.

Chapter 3: Advanced Programming Concepts

1. Multiple Choice Questions:
o In Scratch programming, which block would be used to check multiple conditions at once?
▪ Answer: c) And block
o What is the purpose of using comments in a programming code?
▪ Answer: b) To explain the code to others
2. Fill in the Blanks:
o In Scratch, the If-Else block allows a sprite to perform actions when a specific condition is met.
o A variable is a named storage location in programming that holds a value and can change throughout
the program.
3. True or False:
o False: A function in programming can return multiple values. (Most functions return a single value, but
there are ways to return multiple values, such as using arrays or objects.)
o True: The “broadcast” feature in Scratch can only send messages to one sprite at a time.
4. Short Answer Questions:
o Explain how you can use variables and lists in Scratch to create a simple game. Provide a brief outline.
▪ Answer: In Scratch, variables can track scores or player health, while lists can store high scores
or player inventories. A simple game outline could involve a sprite that collects items. Each
time an item is collected, a variable increases the score, and a list could keep track of all
collected items.
o What are the benefits of modular programming, and how does it enhance code organization and
reusability?
▪ Answer: Modular programming allows code to be divided into separate, reusable components
or functions. This organization makes code easier to read, maintain, and debug. It promotes
reusability, as modules can be reused in different programs without modification, saving time
and effort in development.