LAB MANUAL

COURSE TITLE: NETWORK ANALYSIS

COURSE CODE: EE-103

STUDENT NAME:

REG. NO:

SECTION:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

AIR UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD
lab objectives

lab # lab experiments

1 Oscilloscope & function generator operation

2 Measurements techniques

DC analysis of RC circuit
3

4 AC analysis of RC circuits

5 DC and AC analysis of RL circuits

6 DC Analysis of RC and RL circuits using Pspice Simulation software

Series, parallel impedance circuits & response of RLC using Pspice

7

Transient response of 1st & 2nd order circuits using Pspice

8

9 Passive low-pass & high –pass filter circuits

10 Passive low-pass & high –pass filter circuits

11 Power in ac circuits

12 Power analysis of series RLC circuits (using pspice)

13 Power analysis of parallel RLC circuits (using pspice)

14 Open ended lab

 AIR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO 1

Lab Title: OSCILLOSCOPE & FUNCTION GENERATOR OPERATION

Student Name:
Reg. No:
Objective:

LAB ASSESSMENT:
Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct
Experiment
Ability to assimilate
the results
Effective use of lab
equipment and
follows the lab
safety rules

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:

Satisfactor Unsatisfactor
Excellent Good Average
Attributes y y
(5) (4) (3)
(2) (1)

Data presentation

Experimental results

Conclusion

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

Date: Signature:
 EXPERIMENT NO 1

OSCILLOSCOPE & FUNCTION GENERATOR OPERATION

1. Objective

To become familiar with the operation and use of the oscilloscope and function
generator.

2.Equipment Required

Oscilloscope
Digital Multimeter
Function Generator
Regulated Dc Power Supply
Oscilloscope

The Oscilloscope is the most important instrument available to the Practicing

Technician or engineer. It permits the visual display of a signal that can reveal a range of
information regarding the operating characteristics of a circuit or system that is not available
with a standard multimeter. At first glance the instrument may appear complex and difficult to
master. Be assured, however that once the function of each section of oscilloscope is explained
and understood and the system is used throughout a set of experiments, your expertise with this
important tool will develop quite rapidly.
In addition to the display of a signal, it can also be used to measure the average value, rms
value, frequency and period of a sinusoidal or no sinusoidal signal. The screen is divided into
centimeter division in the vertical and horizontal directions. The vertical sensitivity is provided in
volts/cm, while the horizontal scale is provided in time. If a particular sigal Occupies 6 vertical
centimeters and the vertical sensitivity is 5 mV/cm, the magnitude of the signal can be
determined from the following equation:
Signal voltage (unknown) = voltage sensitivity V/cm × deflection cm
Vs = (5mV/cm) × (6cm) = 30 mV
If one cycle of the same signal occupies 8 cm on the horizontal scale with a horizontal
sensitivity of 5us/cm, the period and frequency of the signal can be determined using the
following equations:
Period of waveform = horizontal sensitivity (s/cm) × deflection (cm)
T = (5us/cm) (8cm) = 40 us
Function Generator
 The function Generator is a supply that typically provides a sinusoidal, square-
wave, and triangular waveform for a range of frequencies and amplitudes. Although the
frequency of the function generator can be set by the dial position and appropriate multiplier, the
oscilloscope can be used to precisely set the output frequency. The scope can also be used to
set the amplitude of the function generator since most function generators simply have an
amplitude control with no level indicators.

Part 1. The Oscilloscope

The instructor will provide a brief description of the various sections of the
oscilloscope and function generator. In your own words, describe the function and use of each
of the following and use of each of the following controls or sections of the oscilloscope;
a) Focus

b) Intensity

c) Beam finder

d) Vertical and Horizontal positions controls

 e) Trigger section

f) Vertical sensitivity

g) Vertical mode selection

h) AC-GND-DC switch

i) Horizontal Sensitivity

j) Calibrate switch

k) Probe

Part 2. The Function Generator Set up

a) Turn On the oscilloscope and adjust the necessary controls to

establish a clear,bright, horizontal line across the center of screen.
b) Connect the function generator to one vertical channel of the oscilloscope and
set the output of the generator to a 1000Hz sinusoidal waveform,
c) Set the vertical sensitivity of the scope to 1V/cm and adjust the amplitude
control of the function generator to establish a 4V peak to peak sinusoidal
waveform on screen.

Horizontal Sensitivity
d. Determine the period of the 1000 Hz sinusoidal waveform in millisec- onds using
the equation T = 1/f .Show all work for each part of the experiment. Be neat!
T=1/f
(Calculated) T=__________________

e. Set the horizontal sensitivity of the scope to 0.2 ms/cm. Using the results of part d,
calculate and predict the number of horizontal divisions required to properly display
one full cycle of the 1000 HZ signal.
(calculated) Number of Division=____________
Use the oscilloscope measure the number of required divisions and insert
below. (measured) Number of
Division=____________
f. Change the horizontal sensitivity of oscilloscope to 0.5ms/cm without touching any of
the controls of the function generators.Using the results of Part2(d) how many
divisions will now be required to display one full cycle of 1000 Hz signal?
(calculated) Number of Division=____________
Using the oscilloscope measure the number of required divisions and insert
below. Number of Division=____________
g. Change the horizontal sensitivity of oscilloscope to 1ms/cm without touching any of
the controls of the function generators.Using the results of Part2(d) how many
divisions will now be required to display one full cycle of 1000 Hz signal?
(calculated) Number of Division=____________
Using the oscilloscope measure the number of required divisions and insert
below. (measured) Number of
Division=____________
h. What was the effect on the appearance of the sinusoidal waveforms as the
horizontal sensitivity was from 0.2 ms/cm to 0.5 ms/div and finally to 1 ms/cm.

Did the frequency of the signal on the screen change with each hor-izontal
sensitivity? What conclusion can you draw from the results regarding the
effect of the chosen horizontal sensitivity on the signal output of the function
generator?
i. Given a sinusoidal waveform on the screen review the procedure to determine
its frequency. Develop e sequence of steps to calculate the frequency of a
sinusoidal waveform appearing on the screen of an os- cilloscope.

Vertical Sensitivity:

j. Don’t touch the controls of the functions generators but return the sensitivity of the
scope to 0.2 ms/cm and change the verical sensitivity to 2V/cm. Using this sensitivity
calculate the peak to peak value of sinusoidal waveform on the screen by first
counting the number of vertical divisions between peak values and multiplying by
sensitivity.

Peak to Peak value:_______________

k. Change the vertical sensitivity to 0.5v/cm and repeat part 2(j).

Peak to Peak value:_______________

Did the peak-to-peak voltage of the sinusoidal signal change with each vertical
sensitivity? What conclusion can you draw from the results regarding the effect of
changing the vertical sensitivity on the output signal of the function generator?

l. Can the peak-to-peak output voltage of a function generator be set without the aid of
an auxiliary instrument such as an oscilloscope or DMM? Explain.
Part 3. EXERCISE

a. Make all the necessary adjustment to clearly display a 5000Hz 6V p.p sinusoidal signal on
the oscilloscope. Establish the zero volt line at the center of the screen.
Vertical Sensitivity=__________________
Horizontal Sensitivity=__________________
Draw the waveform on Fig. 1-1 carefully noting the required number of horizontal and vertical
divisions. Add vertical and horizontal dimensions to the waveform using the sensitivities listed
above.

Fig. 1-1
Calculate the period the waveform using the number of required horizontal divisions for full
cycle.
(calculated) T=_______________
b. Repeat Part 3(a) for a 200-Hz 0.8V p.p sinusoidal waveform.
Vertical Sensitivity=__________________
Horizontal Sensitivity=_________________
(calculated) T=_______________
 Fig. 1-2
c. Repeat Part 3(a) for a 100 kHz 4 Vp−p square wave on Figure 3. Note that a square wave is
called for.
Vertical Sensitivity=__________________
Horizontal Sensitivity=_________________
(calculated) T=_______________

Fig. 1-3
Part 4.Effect of DC Levels:

a. Reestablish the 1 kHz 4p.p sinusoidal waveform on the screen. Calculate the effective
value of the sinusoidal waveform.
Vrms (calculated)= __________________
b. Disconnect the function generator from the scope and measure the effective (rms) value
of the output of the function generation using the digital meter.

Vrms=__________________

c. Determined the percent difference between the calculated and measured Levels using
the following equation:

%Difference=_________________

d. Reconnect the function generator to the scope with 1 kHz 4V p.p. signal and switch the
AC-GND-DC coupling switch of the vertical channel to GND. What is the effect?

Why? How can this scope function be used?

e. Now move the AC-GND-DC coupling switch to AC position. What is the effect on the
screen display? Why?

f. Finally, move the AC-GND-DC coupling switch to the DC position. What is the effect?
Why?
g. Construct the input of Vi of Fig1-4. Be sure the ground of the oscilloscope is connected
directly to the ground of the function generator. Measure and record the actual battery
voltage using the DC mode of the DMM.

Fig. 1-4
(measured)DC level=_______________

h. Apply the input voltage vi of Fig 1-4 to one channel of the oscilloscope with the AC-
GND-DC coupling switch in the GND position and set the resulting horizontal line (zero
reference level) in the middle of the screen. Then move the AC-GND-DC coupling switch
to the AC position and make a rough sketch of the waveform on Fig.1-5 clearly showing
the zero reference line and the number of vertical and horizontal divisions. Using the
chosen sensitivities label the magnitudes of the various horizontal and vertical grid lines.

Fig. 1-5
i. Switch the position of the AC-GND-DC coupling switch to the DC mode and make a
rough sketch of the resulting waveform on Fig.1-6 including the detail requested in part
4(h).

Fig. 1-6
Did the vertical shift of the sinusoidal waveform equal the DC voltage of the battery?

Is the shape of the sinusoidal waveform changed by moving the AC-GND-DC coupling
switch through the various positions?

j. Reverse the polarity of the battery and repeat parts 4(h) and (i). Observe the effect on
the waveform in the AC and DC modes and comment below.
 Lab Task

1. Given v = 20sin2000t, determine

(a) ω
ω=…….. rad/s
(b) f
f = ………………………..H z
(c) T
T = 1/f = ………..ms
(d) Peak value
Vpeak = ………………….V
(e) Peak-to-peak value
V
peak−peak = …………….V
(f ) Effective value
Vrms = ………………….V
(g) DC level
Vdc = ……………………..V
2. Given v = 8 × 10−3sin2π4000t, determine
(a) ω
ω=……………………rad/s
(b) f
f = …………………..kH z
(c) T
T = 1/f=…………………µs

(d) Peak value

Vpeak = ……………..mV
(e) Peak-to-peak value
V
peak−peak = …………mV
(f ) Effective value
Vrms = ……………………..mV
(g) DC level
Vdc = ……………V
3. Given Vrms = 1.2V and a frequency of 400 Hz, determine the math-
ematical expression for the sinusoidal voltage as a function of time.

V(t)=……..sin(……..t)