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    Appendix A

    Uploaded by

    Uday Kumar
    This document describes the design of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger using the Kern method. It provides properties of the hot and cold fluids, which are water and chilled water respectively. Tube materials and dimensions are specified. The clean and fouled heat transfer coefficients are calculated for both the tube and shell sides. Using the effectiveness-NTU method, the heat duty and outlet temperatures are determined for both counterflow and parallel flow configurations under clean and fouled conditions. Tube side pressure drop is also considered in the design calculations.

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    Appendix A

    Uploaded by

    Uday Kumar
    177 views7 pages
    This document describes the design of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger using the Kern method. It provides properties of the hot and cold fluids, which are water and chilled water respectively. Tube materials and dimensions are specified. The clean and fouled heat transfer coefficients are calculated for both the tube and shell sides. Using the effectiveness-NTU method, the heat duty and outlet temperatures are determined for both counterflow and parallel flow configurations under clean and fouled conditions. Tube side pressure drop is also considered in the design calculations.

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    This document describes the design of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger using the Kern method. It provides properties of the hot and cold fluids, which are water and chilled water respectively. Tube materials and dimensions are specified. The clean and fouled heat transfer coefficients are calculated for both the tube and shell sides. Using the effectiveness-NTU method, the heat duty and outlet temperatures are determined for both counterflow and parallel flow configurations under clean and fouled conditions. Tube side pressure drop is also considered in the design calculations.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    177 views7 pages

    Appendix A

    Uploaded by

    Uday Kumar
    This document describes the design of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger using the Kern method. It provides properties of the hot and cold fluids, which are water and chilled water respectively. Tube materials and dimensions are specified. The clean and fouled heat transfer coefficients are calculated for both the tube and shell sides. Using the effectiveness-NTU method, the heat duty and outlet temperatures are determined for both counterflow and parallel flow configurations under clean and fouled conditions. Tube side pressure drop is also considered in the design calculations.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Design of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger using Kern Method:

    A single-shell and single-tube pass, shell-and-tube heat exchanger, where tubes are laid out on 1-inch
    Triangular pitch, is to be designed. The cold fluid (Chilled water) is in the shell and the hot fluid
    (water) is flowing in the tubes.

    Properties of Hot Fluid (Tube-side):

    Assume tube side fluid as water and properties are calculated at given Inlet temperature of 32 C (as
    shown in Table 4).

    Properties
    Inlet temperature (C) 32
    Mass flow rate (kg/s) 0.67
    Density (kg/m3

    ) 996.4
    Thermal conductivity (W/m-K) 0.6144
    Dynamic viscosity (N-s/m2) 0.00083
    Specific heat (KJ/kg-K) 4.178
    Prandtl number 5.641

    Table 4: Tube side properties

    Properties of Cold Fluid (Shell-side):

    Shell side fluid as chilled water and properties are calculated at given Inlet temperature of 13 C (as
    shown in Table 5).








    Table 5: Shell side properties
    Tube Material:

    The tube material is SS304.

    Thermal conductivity (W/m-K) = 16.43 at 22.5 C.
    Properties
    Inlet temperature (C) 13
    Mass flow rate (kg/s) 0.42
    Density (kg/m3) 999.34
    Thermal conductivity (W/m-K) 0.6144
    Dynamic viscosity (N-s/m2) 0.00121
    Specific heat (kJ/kg-K) 4.186
    Prandtl number 8.73
    -NTU method is very suitable for determining heat duty and outlet temperatures of the hot and
    cold fluid for prescribed fluid mass flow rates and inlet temperatures when the type and size of
    the heat exchanger are specified.

    The Heat capacity rate of hot and cold fluid is determined from

    = 0.674.178 = 2.796 kW/ C


    = 0.424.186 = 1.758 kW/ C


    and



    Therefore Capacity ratio (

    ) =



    = 1.758 / 2.796

    = 0.62.

    = 1.758 (32-13) = 33.4 kW.




    TUBE-SIDE CALCULATIONS:

    Tube-side Heat Transfer Coefficient:

    u

    N





    = 7917

    < 10000, Flow is laminar.


    Therefore For laminar flow, the Sieder and Tate correlation can be used.
    Nu

    Pi

    u

    L


    Nu


    = 21.38
    h

    Nu


    = 16.43


    = 1313.7 W/

    -K
    Shell side Heat Transfer Coefficient:
    Shell Equivalent diameter:
    The equivalent diameter is calculated along (instead of across) the long axes of the shell and
    therefore is taken as four times the net flow area as layout on the tube sheet (for any pitch layout)
    divided by the wetted perimeter.

    = / Wetted Perimeter
    For Triangular pitch layout



    Bundle Cross Flow Area:


    Where


    = 0.025- 0.012
    = 0.013 m


    = 0.0036


    Then the shell-side mass flow rate is found with


    = 117 kg/s-


    Shell Side Reynolds Number:
    Reynolds number for the shell-side is based on the tube diameter and the velocity on the cross flow
    area at the diameter of the shell.


    = 4304
    Shell Side Heat transfer Coefficient:
    The heat transfer coefficient for the shell-side in the Kern Method can be estimated from

    For


    = 1007 W/

    -K
    Overall Heat Transfer coefficient at clean condition:
    The overall heat transfer coefficient for clean surface is given by

    = 506.99 W/

    -K
    Overall Heat Transfer coefficient at fouled condition:

    = 319 W/

    -K
    Total Heat Transfer Area:



    = 0.144


    Number of Transfer Units calculation:
    At clean condition:


    = 0.04
    Heat Duty Calculation :
    For clean condition:
    For counter flow:
    Effectiveness


    = 0.04
    And also



    = 1.336 kW.
    Outlet temperature of water


    =
    Outlet temperature of ink


    =

    For Parallel Flow:
    Effectiveness


    = 0.04015
    And also



    = 1.336 kW.
    Outlet temperature of water


    =
    Outlet temperature of ink


    =
    For fouling condition:

    =
    For Counter flow:

    =
    For Parallel flow:

    =


    Tube side pressure drop:
    The pressure drop encountered by the fluid making passes through the heat exchanger is a multiple
    of the kinetic energy of the flow. Therefore, the tube-side pressure drop is calculated by

    +4


    Where

    = 0.7 m/s
    And

    +4


    =
    Shell Side Pressure Drop:
    The shell-side fluid experiences a pressure drop as it passes through the exchanger, over the tubes,
    and around the baffles. If the shell fluid nozzles (inlet and outlet ports) are on the same side of the
    heat exchanger, then the shell-side fluid makes an even number of the tube bundle crossings, but if
    they are on opposite sides, then it makes an odd number of the bundle crossings. The number of
    bundle crossings therefore influences the pressure drop. Based on experiment, the pressure drop
    experienced by the shell-side fluid is calculated by



    Where


    And

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