CIA-1 Answer all the Questions ‘A Hamming code is used for crror correction with 7 data bits, How many parity bits are (COL) required? Option_a:5 Given the data 101100 and the CRC polynomial x3+x+1 (binary: 1011), what is the remainder (COL) afer division? Option_a: Option Option_c:111 Option_d:001 'A sender transmits two 16-bit words: 1011001110010110 and 1100110101011101. If 1's (CO1) complement checksum is used, what is the transmitted checksum? 0010110100 Option_b: 0100111010110100 Option_c: 0100001010110010 Option_d: 0100001010110011 correct_option: 0100001010110010 ‘A router processes a 500-byte packet over a 1 Gbps link with a propagation delay of 2 ms. What (CO1) is the total delay? Option_a: 2.004 ms Option_b: 2.005 ms Option_c: 2.008 ms Option_d: 2.01 ms10 u 12 In a star topology, the central hub is connected to 20 devices. Ifthe hub operates at 1 Gbps sind (CO cach device sends | Mbps of dita at any given time, what is the maximum bandwidth that can be used by all devices simmultancously without causing congestion? Option_a: 20 Mbps. Option_b: 100 Mbps Option_e: 1 Gbps Option_d: 20 Gbps. In a wireless communication system, the maximum bandwidth available is § Mbps, and the (CO1) propagation delay for a signal traveling from the sender to the receiver is 100 milliseconds. If the transmission of | MB of data is being attempted, how much time will it take for the data to be fully received at the receiver, assuming no additional delays (such as retransmissions or processing delays)? Option_a: 1.6 seconds Option_b: 2.4 seconds Option_¢: 3.2 seconds Option_d: 5.6 secon A WiFi signal operating at 24 GHz travels further than one operating at $ GHz. Why? (CO1) Option_a: Higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths, leading to higher attenuation Option_b: Lower frequencies sufter from more interference Option_c: $ GHz signals have a higher data rate but lower power Option_d: 2.4 GHz has more antennas in a router Which transmission mode allows data to be sent in both directions simultaneously? Option_a: (CO1) Simplex Option_b: Half-Duplex Option_¢: Full-Duplex Option_d: Which of the following techniques is used for error correction rather than just error detection? (COL) Option_a: Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Option_b: Hamming Code Option_c: Parity Check Option_d: Checksum A data word is 1011. Using even parity Hamming Code, what will be the transmitted codeword? (COL) Option_a: 1011010 Option_b: 1011001 Option_c: 1011100 Option_d: 1011111 A system uses odd parity for error detection. If the transmitted 7-bit data is 1010110, what (CO1) should be the parity bit? Option_a: 0 Option_b: I Option_e: Depends on noise level Option_d: Cannot be determined Why is it counterintuitive that fiber-optic cables, which are known for their high bandwidth, ean (CO1) still experience signal degradation over long distances despite being free from electromagnetic interference? Option_a: Fiber-opli¢ siunals degrade due to scattering caused by imperfections in the glass14 15 16 17 18 19 Option_b: Fiberoptic cables experience high latency de to the need for light signal conversion at each hop Option_c: The light signals in fiber-optic cables experience loss duc to diffraction Option Ad: High-speed fiber-optic signals suffer from dispersion, where different light pulses travel at different speeds Mesh topology can be created using which of the following formula? Option_a: Number of (CO1) cables = (n*(n-1))/2 Option_b: Number of cables = (n*(n-1))*2 Option_c: Number of cables = (n*(n+1))/2 Option_d: Number of cables = (n*(n+1))*2 Let X and Y be the two stations on an Ethernet and both stations have a ready state of frames to (CO1) send.Both X and Y attempt to transmit a frame after the first collision, What is the probability that neither X nor Y wins? Option_a: 0.25 Option_b: 0.50 Option_c: 0.625 Option_d: 1 The message 11010101 is to be transmitted using the CRC polynomial x? + x? + 1 to protect it (COL) from error. The message that should be transmitted is: Option_a: 11010101110 Option_b: 11010101101 Option_c: 11010101111 Option_d: 11010101101 correct_option: 11010101110 A digital signal with a bit rate of 10 Mbps is transmitted using a baseband transmission system. (COL) If the transmission uses NRZ-L encoding, what is the minimum required bandwidth for the transmission? Option_a: 5 MHz Option_b: 10 MHz Option_c: 20 MHz Option_d: 40 MHz A communication channel has a bandwidth of 5 MHz and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20 (CO1) 4B. According to Shannon's capacity theorem, what is the maximum achievable data rate of the channel? Option_a: 5 Mbps Option_b: 10 Mbps Option_c: 15 Mbps Option_d: 20 Mbps A voice signal is transmitted over a channel that requires a maximum frequency of § kHz, (COL) According to Nyquist’s theorem, what is the minimum required sampling rate? Option_a: 8 kHz Option_b: 16 kHz Option_c: 32 kHz Option_d: 64 kHz A fiber optic link of 100 km is used for communication. The speed of light in the fiber is (COL) approximately 2 * 10 mvs. What is the propagation delay for a signal traveling through this fiber? Option_a: 0.25 msOption_b: 0.8 ms Option_e: ms Option_d: 2 ms 20 A 100 Mbps Bthernet network transmits a frame of size 1500 bytes. Assuming that the network (COL) operates at fill duplex, what is the minimum time required to transmit the frame? Option_a: 0.12 ms Option_b: 0.15 ms Option_c: 0.18 ms Option_d: 0.2 ms 21 A company is assigned a block of IP addresses with a /27 subnet mask. How many usable host (CO2) addresses are available in each subnet? Option_a: 14 Option_b: 30 Option_c: 62 Option_d: 126 22. A distance vector routing protocol takes 30 ms to update all routers in a network. If the number (CO2) of routers increases by a factor of 2, and the update delay per router remains the same, what will be the new update time? Option_a: 30 ms Option_b: 45 ms Option_c: 60 ms Option_d: 90 ms 23 Ifa router receives an IP packet with TTL = 1, what will it do? (co2y Option_a: Forward the packet normally Option_b: Drop the packet and send an ICMP error message Option_c: Assign a new TTL value and forward Option_d: Discard the packet silently 24 How many host addresses are available in a /26 subnet? (C02) Option_a: 30 Option_b: 32 Option_c: 62 Option_d: 64 25 What is the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned in a Class C network? (co2) Option_a: 126 Option_b: 254 Option_c: 512 Option_d: 1024 26 A company has an IP block of 192.168.10.0/24 and wants to divide it i different departments, What will be the subnet mask for each subnet? Option_a: 255.255.255.224 Option_b: 255.255.255.240 Option_c: 255.255.255.248 Option_d: 255.255.255.192 27 An office building has three floors, each requiting 50 devices to be connected to the network. (CO2) ‘The administrator plans to use subnetting. What is the minimum subnet mask that allows at least 50 devices per subnet? Option_a: 255.255.255.224 into 8 equal subnets for (CO2)tion delay 1s 20 ms, the (CO2) x tink uses Go-RackeN protocol for data transfer The Pe Mae acl be sstnowtegnent anes H negli, What the ninimum window size required (0 achieve full wilization? Option_a: 20 Option_b: 40 Option_c: $0 Option_d: 80 35 In HDLC, which of the following is true about the "Frame Check Sequence” field? (co2) Option_a: It is used for framing, Option_b: It is used for flow control. Option_c: Itis used for error detection. Option_d: It is used for addressing. 36 A 7-bit Hamming code is received as 1011010, Assuming a single-bit error ‘occurred during (CO2) transmission, what is the correct transmitted code? Option_a: 1011011 Option_b: 1011000 Option_c: 1011110 Option_d: 1010010 37 A Stop-and-Wait ARQ protocol is used over a 1 Mbps link with a propagation delay of 5 ms. 1f (CO2) the frame size is 1000 bits, what is the efficiency of the protocol? Option_a: 0.1 Option_b: 0.25 Option_c: 0.5 Option_d: 0.75 38 A Go-Back-N ARQ protocol is used with a 3-bit sequence number, What is the maximum (CO2) window size that can be used? Option_a: 3 Option_b: 4 Option_¢:7 Option_d: 8 39 : pure ALOHA system has a transmission rate of | Mbps and a frame size of 1000 bits. If the (C02) a {is 200 frames per second, what isthe throughput of the system? Option_b: 73.6 kbps Option_c: 184 kbps Option_d: 368 kbps 40 A i it it S : pees wen of 1101 is transmitted with a CRC generator polynomial of 101, What (CO2) Option_a: 00 Option_b: 01 Option_c: 10 Option_d: 11 41 Consider a network with three routers: RI, R2, and R3, conn n : RI, R2, and R3, connected in af RI and R2 is 5, and the cost between R2 and R3 is 10, whatis the mig Tine. Ifthe cost between (CO3) to 3 using Dijstra’s algorithm? imum cost path from RI“Option_b: Option_c: 255 Option_d: 255.25 58.192 258.128 255.240 28 Calculate the maximum efficiency of pure ALOHA at G = 0.5 (co2) Option_a: 16% Option_b: 1.89% Option_e: 18.48, Option_d: 18.999 % 29 If a 16-bit frame sequence numbers is used in selective repeat protocol then the maximum (CO2) window size of the data transmission is_ Option_a: 32768-32768 Option_b: 327684-327681 Option_c: 327687-327686 Option_d: 327689-327682 30 In GB4, if every Sth packet is lost and we have to send 16 packets, then the number of packets (CO2) to be transmitted is Option_a: 18 Option_b: 22 - Option_c: 25 Option_d: 27 31 Ina simplified time, slotted MAC protocol, where each host send data with a probability of 0.3 (CO2) in every slot. There is no backup algorithm used in collision. What is the maximum number of hosts which this protocol can support, if each host has to be provided a minimum throughput of 0.21 frames per slot? Option_a: 2-2 Option_b: 24-21 Option_c: 27-26 Option_d: 29.22 32 A 1 Mbps link has a propagation delay of 50 ms. The size of the packets is 1 KB. What is the (CO2) bandwidth-delay product, and how many packets can the sender transmit before waiting for acknowledgment in a stop-and-wait protocol? (CO2) Question 1: END Option_a: 50 KB, SOpackets Option_b: 5 KB, Spackets Option_¢: 6.25 KB, 6packets Option_d: $0 KB, Ipacket 33 A network is transmitting a video stream at § Mbps. The average packet size is 1000 bytes. (CO2) What is the average packet transmission delay? Option_a: 1.6 ms Option_b: 0.2 ms Option_c: 0.8 ms Option_d: 2 ms‘Option_a: Direct toute fom RE to RE Option) RIS R2> RI Option_c RI > RY via R2 Opbon_d: RI > R2 with cost 10 42. You are implementing an algorithm to calculate the shortest path between two nodes in a graph. (CO3) If the graph is directed, weighted, and contains cycles, which algorithm is best suited for this case? Option_a: Dijkstra’s algorithm Option_b: BellmanFord algorithm Option_c: FloydWarshall algorithm Option_d: A algorithm 43 Consider a router that uses the IP address 192.168.10.0/24. How many usable host addresses are (CO3) available in this subnet? Option_a: 254 Option_b: 256 Option_c: 512 Option_d: 128 44 Consider a network with two nodes A and B, where node A sends packets to node B. If node A (CO3) experiences a 30% packet loss, what is the impact on the throughput of the network? Option_a: Throughput will increase by 30% Option_b: Throughput will decrease by 30% Option_c: Throughput will remain unchanged Option_d: Throughput will be halved 45 A network administrator configures a router with a default route that forwards packets to the (CO3) next hop IP address 192.168.1.1. Which of the following is true about the default route? Option_a: It is used when no specific route is available for a destination Option_b: It is used for static routing only Option_c: Itis used only for internal network traffic Option_d: It is used to resolve DNS queries 46 Consider an IP network with a class B address. How many subnets can be created if the network (C03) is subnetted using a /27 subnet mask? Option_a: 8 subnets Option_b: 16 subnets Option_c: 32 subnets Option_d: 64 subnets 47 Ifa router uses RIP (Routing Information Protocol) for routing, what will be the effect on the (CO3) routing table if'a link to a destination is removed? Option_a: The router will delete the destination route immediately Option_b: The router will attempt to find an altemate route Option_¢: The destination will be marked as unreachable and removed after 180 seconds Option_d: The router will ignore the link failure and keep the old route 48 In a multicast communication setup, if a router does not support the IGMP protocol, what will (CO3) happen to multicast traffic? Option_a: Multicast traffic will be forwarded to all devices on the network Option_b: Multicast traffic will be dropped Option_e: Multicast traflic will be forwarded based on the RIP protocol Option_d: Multicast traffic will be forwarded only to the default gateway49 You are configuring a network with an IP address of 172.16.0.0/16, If you need to assign 128 (CO3) subnets, which subnet mask should you use? Option_a: /17 Option_b: 18 Option_c: /19 Option_d: /20 A router receives a packet with a destination IP address of 192.168.1.1 and looks up the routing (CO3) table. If'no exact match is found, what action will the router take? Option_a: Drop the packet Option_b: Forward the packet to the default route Option_c: Forward the packet to the gateway Option_d: Ignore the packet