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Class 11 Practical Work-1

The document outlines two experiments: the first aims to study osmosis using a potato osmometer, where distilled water and a sugar solution are used to observe osmotic pressure, and the second examines plasmolysis in leaf epidermal peels by immersing them in a hypertonic sucrose solution. Both experiments involve specific procedures, observations, and conclusions related to osmotic processes. Key concepts include types of osmosis, solutions, and the effects of hypertonic environments on living cells.

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tilakrajtamta55
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77 views3 pages

Class 11 Practical Work-1

The document outlines two experiments: the first aims to study osmosis using a potato osmometer, where distilled water and a sugar solution are used to observe osmotic pressure, and the second examines plasmolysis in leaf epidermal peels by immersing them in a hypertonic sucrose solution. Both experiments involve specific procedures, observations, and conclusions related to osmotic processes. Key concepts include types of osmosis, solutions, and the effects of hypertonic environments on living cells.

Uploaded by

tilakrajtamta55
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT 4

Aim: To Study osmosis using potato osmometer

Requirements Large potato, Petri dish, distilled water, 20 % sugar solution, Alpins, knife,

Theory : An osmometer measures osmotic pressure or osmolarity of solutions. In osmosis, solvent


molecules flow through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher to lower solvent
concentration. Types of osmosis:
• Exosmosis: Solvent moves out of the cell.
• Endosmosis: Solvent moves into the cell.
Types of Solutions:
• Hypotonic: Low solute concentration.
• Hypertonic: High solute concentration.
• Isotonic: Equal solute concentration.
Procedure

➢ Peel the potato using a knife and make a cavity


as shown in the diagram.
➢ Pour distilled water into the Petri dish until it is
half full. Then place the potato in the Petri dish.
➢ Fill half the cavity made in the potato with 20%
sugar solution and mark the level using a pin.
➢ Leave the osmometer undisturbed for about
two hours.
➢ Observe the reading after two hours.
➢ Mark the rise in the level of the sugar solution in the cavity with another pin.
➢ Perform the experiment with different situations like hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic
solutions and record your observations

Observation.

Conclusion : Occurrence of Osmosis in Different Solution Types


EXPERIMENT 5

Aim: Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peel of leaf.

Principle: Living cells are generally turgid due to the presence of water. When cells are immersed in
hypertonic solution, shrinkage of protoplasm takes place with visible separation of plasma
membrane from the cell walls. This is called plasmolysis and occurs due to exosmosis, a phenomenon
in which water from the cells moves into the surrounding medium which is hypertonic, that is more
concentrated than the cell sap.

Requirement: Leaves of Rheo/Tradescantia; 20% sucrose solution, slide, cover slip, needle ,petri dish
/watch glass, microscope.

Procedure

• Carefully prepare thin and transparent epidermal peels from the coloured epidermis by
tearing the leaf or with the help of a blade.
• Select four thin peels, keep them in water in a watch glass to avoid dehydration.
• Mount peel 'A' in a drop of water on a glass slide, place a cover slip and observe under
microscope.
• Observe the peel after 5, 15, 20 and30 minutes.
• Place the other peels B, C, D and E in 20% sucrose solution.
• Observe the peels B, C, D and E after 5, 15, 20 and 30 minutes respectively under
microscope. Observe the changes in cells.
• Record the observations in the table.

Observation
Precaution

• Observe the slides first under low power and then under high power of microscope.

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