Module 1 Computer Packages Notes Bizziland
Module 1 Computer Packages Notes Bizziland
BIZZILAND
TRAINING CENTER
COMPUTER PACKAGES
- MODULE 1 NOTES -
(Year: 2023)
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INTRODUCTION TO ICT
Definition of a computer
A computer may be defined as an electronic machine that processes data to generate informationwith speed
and accuracy. A computer can also be defined as an electronic device that accepts data and instructions,
stores them temporarily in its memory waiting processing, and automatically executes/obeys the set of the
issued instructions to produce information from the input raw data.
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TYPES OF COMPUTERS
1. Personal computer:
The personal computer (PC) defines a computer designed for general use by a single person. While a
Mac is a PC, most people relate the term with systems that run the Windows operatingsystem. PCs were
first known as microcomputers because they were a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than
the huge systems in use by most businesses.
2. Desktop computer:
A PC that is not designed for portability is a desktop computer. The expectation with desktop systems is
that you will set the computer up in a permanent location. Most desktops offer morepower, storage and
versatility for less cost than their portable brethren.
3. Laptop:
Also called notebooks, laptops are portable computers that integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing
device or trackball, processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated packageslightly larger
than an average hardcover book.
4. Netbook:
Netbooks are ultra-portable computers that are even smaller than traditional laptops. The extremecost-
effectiveness of netbooks means they're cheaper than almost any brand-new laptop you'll find at retail
outlets. However, netbooks' internal components are less powerful than those in regular laptops.
5. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs):
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are tightly integrated computers that often use flash memoryinstead
of a hard drive for storage. These computers usually do not have keyboards but rely on touchscreen
technology for user input. PDAs are typically smaller than a paperback novel, very lightweight with a
reasonable battery life. A slightly larger and heavier version of the PDA is thehandheld computer.
6. Workstation:
Another type of computer is a workstation. A workstation is simply a desktop computer that hasa more
powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of
tasks, such as 3D Graphics or game development.
7. Server:
A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over a network. Servers
usually have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives. The next type ofcomputer can
fill an entire room.
8. Mainframe:
In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge computers that could fill an entire roomor even a
whole floor! As the size of computers has diminished while the power has increased,the term mainframe
has fallen out of use in favor of enterprise server. You'll still hear the termused, particularly in large
companies to describe the huge machines processing millions of transactions every day.
9. Supercomputers:
This type of computer usually costs hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars. Althoughsome
supercomputers are single computer systems, most are composed of multiple high-performance
computers working in parallel as a single system. The best-known supercomputers are built by Cray
Supercomputers.
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INPUT HARDWARE
The function of input hardware is to accept data and convert it into a form suitable for computerprocessing.
In other words, input hardware allows people to put data into the computer in a formthat the computer can
use.
i.) Keyboard: A keyboard includes the standard typewriter keys plus a number of
specialized keys. The standard keys are used mostly to enter words and numbers.
ii.) Mouse: A mouse is a device that is rolled about on a desktop to direct a pointer on the
computer display screen. The pointer is a symbol usually an arrow that is used toselect
items from lists (menus) or to position the cursor. The cursor also called an
insertion point, is the symbol on the screen that shows where data may be enterednext, such
as text in a document.
iii.) Scanners, are often used in desktop publishing, translate images and text, drawings and
photos into digital form. The digital images can then be processed by the computer, displayed
on a monitor, inserted in documents, stored in a storage device ortransmitted to another
computer.
iv.) Tracker ball: A tracker ball is a movable ball on top of a stationery device, the ball isrotated
with the finger or the palm. In fact, a tracker ball looks like an upside-down mouse.
v.) Joystick: A joystick is a pointing device that consists of a vertical handle like a gearshift
lever mounted on a base with one or two buttons. Joysticks are used mainlyin video games,
in some computer aided design systems, and computerized robot systems.
vi.) Touchpad’s: A touchpad is a flat rectangular device that uses a weak electrical fieldto sense
your touch. Touchpad’s let you control the cursor/pointer with your finger, the cursor
follows the movement of your fingertip. You click by tapping the pad or pressing buttons
adjacent to the pad. Some portable computers used the touchpad to input data and
commands.
vii.) Light pen: A light pen is a light sensitive pen like device that is connected to a computer
terminal by a wire. Graphic designers, engineers and illustrators use lightpens.
viii.) Bar-code readers - Bar code readers are photoelectric devices that convert barcodestrips
into digital code. Barcodes are vertical zebra-striped marks you see on most manufactured
retail products. Figure 15: A barcode reader.
ix.) Microphone: The microphone converts human speech into digital code. An audioinput
device records or plays analog sound and translates it for digital storage andprocessing.
x.) Digital camera: A digital camera uses a light sensitive processor chip to capture
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Storage capacity
Capacity refers to how much data/information a storage device will hold. Computer storage capacity
may be represented using the following units.
HARD DISKS
Hard disks are thin but rigid metal or glass platters covered with a substance that allows data to be held in
form of magnetized spots. Hard disks are also sealed within an enclosed unit to prevent any foreign matter
such as dust, smoke etc. from getting inside.
OPTICAL DISKS
An optical disk is a removable disk on which data is written and read through the use of laser beams; a
high-power laser beam is used to represent data by burning tiny pits into the surface of a hard-plastic disk.
To read the data, a low-powered laser light scans the disk surface: pitted areasare not reflected and are
interpreted as 0 bits; smooth areas are reflected and are interpreted as 1 bit.
Advantages of DVDs
i.) They have large storage capacity and a fast data transfer rate.
ii.) Better audio quality
iii.) They offer a better picture quality and video.
iii.) They are available in both Recordable and rewritable capabilities.
Flash disk
They consist of a circuitry that is enclosed in a plastic or metal casing; they are usually connected to the
computer using the USB port. Flash disks are small and convenient since thecan carry lots of data. They
are mainly used in transferring information from one computer toanother they come in different capacities
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COMPUTER KEYBOARD
The computer keyboard is the basic input device that converts letters, numbers and other
characters into electrical signals that are machine-readable.
MOUSE TECHNIQUES
- The mouse is a pointing device that is rolled on the desk surface, to direct a pointer on the computer
screen. The mouse pointer is the symbol that indicates the position of the mouse on thedisplay screen.
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COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Computer software is the logic that guides the computer hardware when performing a task. A computer
has no intelligence of its own and must be supplied with instructions that tells it what to do and how to do
it. Software is made up of groups of related programs written in a specific code called a programming
language and based on the computers language of 0s and 1s. Software are generally created by
professional software programmers.
System software
System software is software designed to allow the computer to manage its own resources and run the
hardware and basic operations. It lets the CPU communicate with the keyboard, the screen, the printer and
the disk drive. Examples of Operating Systems include, DOS and Windows Window XP, Windows 7,
Windows 10, OS/2 Warp, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS, Netware etc.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Application software is the software that is designed to meet the users’ specific needs. It performstasks to
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PRODUCTIVITY
SOFTWARE
1.) Spreadsheet software – An electronic spreadsheet is grid of columns and rows that allows the
users to enter details and financial schedules and later perform calculations on the entered data. A
spreadsheet document is called a worksheet, and several worksheets make up a workbook.
Examples of spreadsheetprograms include, Microsoft Excel and Lotus 1-2-3
2.) Database Management system software – A database is a collection of data stored
electronically in a computer system. Database management system is a program that controls the
structure of a database and access to the data. Common such programs include Microsoft Access,
FoxPro, Oracle, etc.
3.) Personal finance software – Personal finance software lets you keep track of income and
expenses, write checks, and planfinancial goals. Examples include Quicken, Microsoft Money,
Win Check etc.
4.) Group ware - Groupware is software that is used on a network and serves a group of users
working together onthe same project. Groupware improves productivity by keeping members
continually aware of what their colleagues thinking and doing. Examples include Lotus note and
MS outlook.
5.) Integrated Software and Software Suites – Integrated software packages combine features of
several application programs such as Word- processing, Spreadsheets, Databases, Graphics and
communications into one software package. Software suites are simply the primary applications
that are sold together. e.g. MS Office suite.
6.) Presentation graphics – Presentation graphics are some of presentation software, which uses
graphics and data to make a presentation to others e.g. Microsoft PowerPoint.
7.) Web browsers – A web browser is a software that enables you to access websites on the
internet.
8.) Word Processing – Word processing software allows you to use computers to create, edit, store
and print documents.you can easily insert, delete, and move words, sentences and paragraphs.
Examples of word- processing programs include, Microsoft word, Word perfect etc.
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MICROSOFT WINDOWS
Window is a multi-user and multi-tasking operating system characterized by the graphical user
interface (GUI). It is multi-user for more than one user can operate at a go; it is multi-tasking one
can open and run several tasks at one particular time.
GUI means between the user and the computer MS windows bears graphics or pictures that
represent items so as to guide the use.
Window: It is the working area where the user places data is called window. Each running program opens
with a window which is normally a clear space enclosed by borders.
Icon: These are pictorial representations of item within the computer. Items involves file/document.
Mouse: It is an input device used to enter data and commands into the computer. It is a unique feature
within MS windows operating system that assists the keyboard in inputting.
Pull down/ pop-up menus: In computer menus are lists commands. Pull down menus are obtained after
clicking a menu at the menu bar. Different command shall be displayed after different menus are clicked.
Pop-up menus are obtain after right click on the space or on an item.
Desktop: This is usually the first screen/display that will appear the moment the computer is turned on. It
usually displays icons/items such as my computer, my document.
DESKTOP WINDOWS
It is the typical working environment in micro soft windows operating system whereby any program it runs
should bear.
DIALOG BOX
These are electronic form whereby the computer user is supposed to enter details in order the computer to
complete the duty assigned.
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Command button
These are provisions or controls for instruction that user applies for the computer to either execute or
terminate a specific duty. Example shall be seen yes or no, OK or cancel, save, close.
COMPUTER SETTING
These is a process of configuring the windows appearance in relation to the computer hardware or software
being applied. Item that can be set/ configured include the display (the monitor), mouse, task bar, date and
time, network connections, user accounts, keyboard etc. Note: all the computer setting are basically
accessed from the control panel Setting screen saver This is a program which is set to run automatically
when a computer has been idle for a specified period.
USER ACCOUNT
User account is facility that allows the computer user personalize (make private) some item and operations
especially where the computer is shared or operated by more than one user. There are two types of user
account:
• Administrator account
• Limited account
Unlike the limited account that can’t allow some operations, the Administer Account allow the user to
change all the computer settings. The prevention/ security is ensured by creating a password to an account.
ARRANGING WINDOWS
Windows are the working environments. When several are open to run concurrently, it is important to
arrange them in some style to enhance easy access when working from one window to another. There are
two types’ windows on a typical program.
1. Mother/ program window
2. Document/file window
Style of arranging program windows
The user is allowed to choose any style that is friendlier to work with.
Horizontal tilling/stacked
Windows are arranged running across the screen one below each other on the screen.
Cascading
This overlaps the windows one behind each other from top – left to the bottom- right of the
screen leaving out only the title bar.
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Window explorer is divided into 2 parts; folder’s list and contents’ list
i. Folder’s list: This is the left part of the windows explorer. It displays all the drives, folders and sub
folders
either expanded or collapsed
ii. Content’s list: This is the right part of the window explorer. It displays the contents (drives,
folders, sub-folders and files) inside a selected item on the folder list.
Expanding a folder
Any folder with other folders inside is referred to main folder or parent folder. The folders inside another
folder are called sub-folders.
File folders: They are memory location set apart in the computer to enable storage under management of
files and even other folders. They are referred to as file folders simply because they are often used to store
files.
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1. https://www.speedtypingonline.com
2. https://www.typingtest.com/trainer/
3. https://www.ratatype.com/first-step/
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Extranet – A network that would link computer across geographical regions is referred to as extranet.
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BROWSING/ SURFING
Browsing is accessing and collecting different information bit by bit from the internet.
Surfing is finding out what new or what is out there in the net. Look at it in this
perspective onone hand a student of ICT or IT may learn in class about the architecture of
the CPU and later goes to the internet for further notes.
Some organizations use their own domain name in their email addresses
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DISADVANTAGES OF EMAILS
✓ Email hoaxes are common and are a security concern.
✓ If emails are not composed in a proper manner, misunderstandings occur.
✓ Not everyone on earth has Internet connectivity.
✓ To some people, illiteracy makes use of email hard.
✓ Confidential information can be easily forwarded or shared and disseminated and if done in error could
easily end up in the wrong hands.
✓ Viruses are common in email communication.
✓ Time consuming: one person can receive thousands of emails in a day compared to if the
communication was by postal mail.
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MICROSOFT WORD
Microsoft word is an application package under the class word processor or text editors. It is ideal for
production of documents such as newsletters, curriculum vitae, letters, research papers,mail merging etc.
Versions of MS Word
MS Word 2007, MS Word 2010 and MS Word 2013
FEATURES OF MS WORD
The Quick Access Toolbar
✓ The Quick Access toolbar provides you with access to commands you frequently use. By default, Save,
Undo, and Redo appear on the Quick Access toolbar. You can use Save to save your file,Undo to rollback
an action you have taken, and Redo to reapply an action you have rolled back.
The Title Bar
✓ Next to the Quick Access toolbar is the Title bar. The Title bar displays the title of the documenton
which you are currently working.
Within each group are related command buttons. You click buttons to issue commands or to access
menus and dialog boxes. You may also find a dialog box launcher in the bottom right corner of a group.
Clicking the dialog box launcher gives you access to additional commands viaa dialog box.
• Tabs
• Buttons
• Groups
• Dialogue Launcher
The Ruler
✓ The ruler is found below the Ribbon. You can use the ruler to change the format of your document
quickly. If your ruler is not visible,follow the steps listed here:
1. Click the view tab to choose it.
2. Click the check box next to ruler in the show/hide group. the ruler appears below the ribbon.
CLOSING A DOCUMENT
Method 1 Method 2 Method 3
Click office button Click the (X) at the menu bar • Press alt + F4
Click close
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COLUMNS
Column are vertical subdivisions of text. Columns make a continuous long text readable without coming.
The newspapers always break their stories into columns. Also note this manual has been sub divided into
two columns.
Steps to apply columns
• Highlight the text
• Click page layout
• Click columns
• Select columns preset, width etc.
• Click ok
PARAGRAPH
Involve arranging text in document by applying different layouts of the page such as;
Alignment
Arranging text either at the left, right, center or justify
Tab
This is pushing first line or even group of text some distance away from margin in order tomaintain
uniform paragraphing
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COPYING OF DATA
Copying is duplicating of data whereby the original copy remains as it is.
Method 1 Method 2
• Highlight the data to carry the copy • Press ctrl+ A –to highlight
• Right click on the highlighted data • Press ctrl+ C –to copy the data
• Click copy • Press ctrl+ V –to paste
• Right click on the position to copy
• Click paste
CUTTING OF DATA
Cutting is just like the process of copying data except that instead of copying we choose cut andon the
keyboard instead of C we press X. cut will also duplicate data just like copying but the original data will not
remain.
PASTING OF DATA
This is gluing or sticking what has already been copied or cut. Pasting must be applied so ascomplete the
copy or cut command.
UNDO COMMAND
The reverses any recently applied command. It may limit the reversing of some commandsdepending on
how previously they have been applied.
Steps to undo
Method 1 Method 2
• Click undo icon on the quick access toolbar • Press ctrl+ Z keys
REDO COMMAND
Redo reverses the undo command
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General steps to insert objects Steps to format an inserted Steps to insert an object from the file
-Position the cursor where to object -Position cursor on the document
place the object -Select the object -Click insert tab
-Click insert tab -Click format -Point picture
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WORDART
It is pre-designed word feature to let a chosen piece of text acquire that style. Word art feature is
important especially when advertising or giving warning messages.
Steps to insert WordArt
• Click insert tab
• Point picture
• Click word art
• Select the style of word art
• Click ok
• Type the desired text
• Format the word art
• Click ok
• Again, edit and format appropriately
TABLE
Table is a combination of rows and columns where data can be entered into the cell. A table canbe
acquired through drawing or automatically inserted.
Steps to wrapping
• Select the graphic
• Click format tab
• Click text wrapping on the arrange group
• Click wrapping style
PRINT PREVIEW
This is a window whereby a document can be viewed to check any error associated with printing.These
errors arise from the margins, paragraph, layout etc.
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MICROSOFT POWERPOINT
MS PowerPoint is an application package under the category presentation tools. It is ideal forgiving
presentation and slide showers. Presentation is a single file/ document created in MS power point.
Slides are individual working areas in a presentation.
Application of MS power point
✓ Marketing company
✓ Giving an organizational over view
✓ Advertisements in the media especially TV
✓ Trade fairs and exhibitions
✓ Awareness campaigns
✓ Sales report and figures presentation
✓ Lecturing tool
✓ Entertainment
Advantages of presentation software
➢ Presentation software is incredibly easy to learn and use.
➢ It is supplied with a large library of background templates and custom layouts
➢ Multimedia can easily be added to the presentation
➢ Presentations are easy to edit
➢ Presentations can be easily output to different formats e.g. interactive whiteboard, digital
projector, handouts
➢ Excellent for summarizing facts
➢ Great for showing graphs/charts/diagrams to an audience
➢ Can create a set of handouts for people to write on whilst presentation being given
➢ Allows you to face your audience and make eye contact rather than facing the screen.
Creating a New
Presentation
Method 1 Method 2
• Click on start, to program click on power program • Click on file menu (when power point is open)
• Point to MS PowerPoint and click • Point to the new then click
• Select the design option ``blank: template, auto – point
• Select the design option
content
• Click ok • Click ok
• Select the slide layout (auto layout) • Select the slide layout
• Enter insert data • Enter/ insert data
Color Scheme
Color scheme is a set of eight balanced colors that can be applied to slides not pages or audience
handouts. A color scheme consists of background color a color for lines and text, and six other colors
selected to make slides easy to read.
Steps to apply a color scheme To apply font attributes to a slide
• Open the presentation • Select the slide
• Click the slide to apply • Select the area to apply the attribute
• Click design tab • Click home tab
• Click color scheme • Choose aspects appropriately
• Click desired color scheme
• Click color schemes
• Click edit scheme
• Click standard
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NORMAL VIEW
This is a window whereby we can scroll to view all the slides within a presentation one at time, in this window we can edit,
copy, cut, paste, format and insert graphics etc. Under normal view there is either slides view or outline view.
SLIDE VIEW
Slide or presentations can be viewed in various ways: normal, outline, slide sorter, notespage and slide show etc.
Slide view displays all the slides numbered 1st to the last and if any has custom animation. The user can select a slide
from this view and edit or format it in the mainnormal view.
Steps to a slide view
• Click slide tab when in normal view
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SLIDE TRANSITIONS
These are the animation-like effects that occur in Slide Show view when you move from one slide to the next during
an on-screen presentation. You can control the speed of each slide transition effect. Sound can also be added.
Steps to add a transition
i. On the left side of the slide window, in the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tabs, click the
Slides tab.
ii. Select the slide thumbnails of the slides that you want to apply slide transitions to.
iii. On the Animations tab, in the Transition to This Slide group, click a slide transition effect.
iv. To see more transition effects, in the Quick Styles list, click the more button .
v. To set the slide transition speed between the current slide and the next slide, in the
Transition to This Slide group, click the arrow next to Transition Speed, and then
select the speed that you want.
vi. In the Transition to This Slide group, click Apply to All.
Add different slide transitions to the slides in your presentation
i. On the left side of the slide window, in the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tabs, click the
Slides tab, and then click a slide thumbnail.
ii. On the Animations tab, in the Transition to This Slide group, click the slide transition
effect tthat you want for that slide.
iii. To see more transition effects in the Quick Styles list, click the more button .
iv. To set the slide transition speed between the current slide and the next slide, in the
Transition to This Slide group, click the arrow next to Transition Speed, and then
select the speed that you want.
v. To add a different slide transition to another slide in your presentation, repeat steps 2
through 4.
SLIDE ANIMATIONS
To animate is to add special visual or sound effect to text or an object. For instance, you can have your
text bullet points fly in from the left, one word at time, or hear the sound of applause. It also adds
interest to the presentation during a slide show.
Animation scheme
Animation scheme adds preset visual effects to text on slides. Animation schemes can be applied to all slides, all titles,
and some items on master slides. Animation range from subtleto modern and to exciting. Each scheme usually includes
effect for the slide title and an effect for applied to bullets or paragraph.
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Custom Animation
These are the aspects attached to text or graphics to determine how they will appear on the screen during the slide
show. In custom animation a text or object may be given an effect such as the entrance then the emphasis the exit then
the path motions
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NOTE: Different scanning and printing machines will tend to have relatively
different scanning or printing procedures but the concept relatively the same.
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TYPES OF BINDING
• Spiral binding (comb binding)
• Tape binding
SPIRAL BINDING
Steps
i. Adjust the edge guide of a paper binding machine.
ii. Take the front transparent plastic sheet, printed pages to be bound, and the back embossed
opaque coversheet and punch them evenly.
iii. Place the plastic comb binding onto the teeth of the comb opened
iv. Push the lever back to open the comb
v. Thread the punched pages onto the teeth of the comb then pull the lever to close the comb.
TAPE BINDING
Requirements
• PVC tape
• Stapler
• Content
• Binding sheets
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