MGSE8.G.

1 Verify experimentally the congruence properties of rotations, reflections, and translations: lines are taken to lines and line segments to line segments of
the same length; angles are taken to angles of the same measure; parallel lines are taken to parallel lines.
MGSE8.G.2 Understand that a two-dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections,
and translations; given two congruent figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them.
MGSE8.G.3 Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates.
MGSE8.G.4 Understand that a two‐dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections,
translations, and dilations; given two similar two‐dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them.
MGSE8.G.5 Use informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, and the angle‐angle criterion for similarity of triangles.

I
X Axis
right  positive
left  negative

Y Axis
up ↑ positive
down ↓ negative

Similar Figures
Same Shape Congruent Figures
Same Angle Measures Same Shape
Proportional Side Lengths Same Size
Proportional Sizes Same Side Lengths
(dilation) Same Angle Measures
Scale Factor EXACTLY THE SAME
(translation, rotation, &
reflection)

Translations Reflections
over x - axis
Rule: (x-3) , (y-6) y changes signs
Slide each point
3 units to the over y-axis
left ← and 6 x changes signs
units down ↓
 Degrees Rule Degrees
90⁰ c ( x , y ) becomes ( y , -x ) 270⁰ cc
Rotations 180⁰ ( x , y ) becomes ( -x , -y ) 180⁰
90⁰ cc ( x , y ) becomes ( -y , x ) 270⁰ c

C = clockwise (to the right) CC = counter clockwise (to the left) 360⁰ = full circle

Parallel Lines
two lines that will never intersect

Transversal Line
cuts through two parallel lines

Supplementary Angles Congruent Angles

add up to 180⁰ same angle measure
Same Side ‹5 & ‹3 ‹7 & ‹6 ‹3 & ‹2
Vertical
Interior ‹4 & ‹6 ‹5 & ‹8 ‹4 & ‹1
Same Side ‹7 & ‹1 ‹5 & ‹4
Alternate Interior
Exterior ‹8 & ‹2 ‹3 & ‹6
‹7 & ‹5 ‹3 & ‹1 Alternate ‹1 & ‹8
‹7 & ‹8 ‹3 & ‹4 Exterior ‹7 & ‹4
Adjacent ‹7 & ‹3 ‹5 & ‹1
‹8 & ‹6 ‹1 & ‹2 Corresponding
‹6 & ‹5 ‹4 & ‹2 ‹6 & ‹2 ‹8 & ‹4

Exterior Angle Theorem Dilation

Enlargement
scale factor > 1
multiply

Reduction
0 < scale factor <1
(fraction)
divide

Inside + inside = outside