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Unit 5 - Storage Devices-1

The document provides an overview of storage devices, detailing their types, features, and characteristics. It distinguishes between primary storage (like RAM and ROM) and secondary storage (like hard disks and SSDs), as well as discussing cache memory and registers within the CPU. Additionally, it compares various storage technologies, including magnetic and optical disks, highlighting their performance, capacity, and cost differences.

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6 views13 pages

Unit 5 - Storage Devices-1

The document provides an overview of storage devices, detailing their types, features, and characteristics. It distinguishes between primary storage (like RAM and ROM) and secondary storage (like hard disks and SSDs), as well as discussing cache memory and registers within the CPU. Additionally, it compares various storage technologies, including magnetic and optical disks, highlighting their performance, capacity, and cost differences.

Uploaded by

pravakarsilwal11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Storage Devices

Unit 5

Prepared by:
Anil Thapaliya
MCA (VTU)
Storage Devices

Storage devices store information/data either


temporarily or permanently to process the
computational tasks.
Without storage device, a computer is not able to
run or boot up.

Features
It stores data/instructions required for processing.
It also stores immediate results of processing.
It saves the final result after processing.
Types of Storage Devices

Primary Storage Devices


It is also known as Internal Memory or Main Memory.
This is also the section of CPU that holds program
instructions, input data, immediate results.
For e.g., RAM, ROM

Secondary Storage Devices


This is also referred as External Memory.
It is mainly used for permanent storage of data.
For e.g., Hard Disks, CDs, DVDs, SSD, Pen drives etc.
Cache Memory

Cache Memory is an extremely fast, small memory


which works in between CPU and RAM.
It provides data required to CPU from RAM. And it
stores frequent and very active data required for
processing.
It has the speed which closely matches that of CPU.
It is volatile in nature.

Key Characteristics
High speed
Small size (KB/MB)
Located close to the CPU
How Cache Memory Works?

CPU Fetches Data


Cache Hit
Cache Miss
Cache Replacement

Levels of Cache Memory


L1 Cache: 16-128KB, very fast, located inside the
CPU.
L2 Cache: 128KB, slower than L1, located either
inside CPU or very near to it.
L3 Cache: 2-32MB, slower than L2, located on a
separate chip
Registers

Registers are small, high-speed storage location


inside a CPU. They are faster than RAM or cache.
It holds the data and instructions that the CPU is
currently processing or will process next.

Key Characteristics
Highest speed
Smaller size
Temporary storage
Common Types of Registers

Instruction Set
Holds an instruction that is currently executing.
Memory Address
Holds the address of active memory location.
Memory Buffer
Holds contents of the accessed memory word.

Accumulator
Holds the results of operation.
Program Counter
Holds address of the next instruction to be executed.
Input/Output
Used to communicate with Input/Output devices.
Primary Memory VS Secondary Memory

Primary Memory Secondary Memory

Directly accessible by the CPU. Stores data permanently and is not directly
Eg. RAM, ROM, Cache Memory accessible to CPU.
Eg. HDD, SSD, Pen Drive, DVD
Faster speed access. Slower speed compared to Primary Memory.
Smaller storage capacity Larger storage capacity

Used to store data and instructions that are Used to store and preserve data to access it in
needed to access by CPU. future.
More expensive than Secondary Memory. Less expensive than Primary Memory.
Data is lost when power is off. Data is not lost once a data is saved.
Secondary Memory

Magnetic Storage Devices


Floppy Disk, HDD, Tape Cassette
Optical Storage Devices
CD, DVD, Blu-ray Disc
Flash Memory Devices
Pen Drive, SSD, SD Card
Cloud Storage
Google Drive, Dropbox, iCloud
Characteristics

Non-Volatility
Larger Storage Capacity
Cost-Effective
Portable
Durability
Backup
Hard Disk VS SSD
Hard Disk Solid State Drive

Mechanical (uses spinning disks and Electronic (made up of chips)


read/write head) More durable
Prone to damage due to the moving parts
Slower in performance (read/write speed) Faster in performance
Larger and heavier Smaller, lighter and compact

High power consumption Lower power consumption


Makes little noise due to spinning disks Silent operation

More affordable Less affordable, costly


Available in larger capacities (several TBs, Available in smaller capacities (upto few TBs)
PBs)
Magnetic Disk VS Optical Disk
Magnetic Disk Optical Disk

Uses magnetic storage to read and write data Uses laser beams to read and write data
using a movable head that interacts with through optical reflection from the surface of
rotating disk. disc.
Larger storage capacity Smaller storage capacity
Faster data read and write speed Slower data read and write speed

More expensive Less expensive


Requires more power Requires less power
Less portable, installed inside computer Highly portable
For e.g. Hard Disk Drives, Floppy Disks For e.g. CD, DVD, Blu-ray Disc
Magnetic Memory - Sequential Access VS Random Access
Sequential Access Random Access

Data is accessed in a specific sequence. Data can be accessed from random location.
Slower in performance. Faster access time.

Less expensive for storage More expensive


Usually stored on magnetic tape or reels. Stored on magnetic disks

Used on a separate Video Deck or Cassette Used on a computer, laptop, CC camera


players etc. DVR etc.

For e.g. VCR, Audio Cassette tapes For e.g. Hard Disk Drives, Floppy Disks

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