Date: 07/05/2022

SET No. 3
Question Paper Code

56/5/3

Time: 2 hrs.
Class-XII Max. Marks: 35

CHEMISTRY (Theory)
Term-II
(CBSE-2022)

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:

(i) This question paper contains 12 questions. All questions are compulsory.

(ii) This question paper comprises of three sections - Section A, B and C.

(iii) Section A - Q. No. 1 to 3 are very short-answer type questions carrying 2 marks each.

(iv) Section B - Q. No. 4 to 11 are short-answer type questions carrying 3 marks each.

(v) Section C - Q. No. 12 is case based question carrying 5 marks.

(vi) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

 SECTION-A
1. Explain the following reactions: [1×2 = 2]
(a) Wolff-Kishner reduction
(b) Cannizzaro reaction
Sol. (a) Wolff-Kishner reduction: [1]
The carbonyl group of aldehydes or ketones are reduced to CH 2 group on treatment with hydrazine
followed by heating with sodium or potassium hydroxide in high boiling solvent such as ethylene glycol.

(b) Cannizzaro reaction: [1]

Aldehydes which do not have an -hydrogen atom, undergo self reduction and oxidation
(disproportionation) reaction on heating with concentrated alkali. In this reaction, one molecule of the
aldehyde is reduced to alcohol and another is oxidised to carboxylic acid salt.

2. Arrange the following in the increasing order of the property mentioned: [1×2 = 2]
(a) CH3COOH, ClCH2COOH, FCH2COOH (Acid strength)
(b) CH3CHO, CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH3 (Boiling Points)
Sol. (a) Electron withdrawing group increases the acidic strength as it stabilizes the conjugate base. [1]
Order of acidic strength:
CH3COOH < ClCH2COOH < FCH2COOH
(b) Stronger the intermolecular forces of attraction, higher will be the boiling point. [1]
Order of boiling point:
CH3CH2CH3 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH
3. Answer the following questions (Do any two): [1×2 = 2]
(a) Identify the order of reaction from the following unit for its rate constant:
Lmol–1s–1
(b) The conversion of molecules A to B follow second order kinetics. If concentration of A is increased to three
times, how will it affect the rate of formation of B?
(c) Write the expression of integrated rate equation for zero order reaction
Sol. (a) Unit of rate constant for any nth order reaction could be written as following
Unit = (mol L–1)1–n s–1 [½]
Comparing this with given unit
L mol–1 s–1 = (mol L–1)1–n s–1
 (mol L–1)–1 s–1 = (mol L–1)1–n s–1
1 – n = –1
n=2 [½]
 (b) A → B

−dA dB
= =r
dt dt

−dA
= rate of consumption of ‘A’
dt

dB
= rate of formation of ‘B’
dt

Since given conversion follows 2nd order, rate law could be written as following

r = k[A]2 [½]

If concentration of ‘A’ made 3 times

r = k[3A]2

r = 9k[A]2

r  = 9r [½]

Hence rate of formation of B will become 9 times.

(c) For zero order reaction

[a]t = [a]0 – kt [1]

[a]t  Concentration of reactant at time ‘t’

[a]0  Initial concentration of reactant

k  Rate constant

t  Time taken

SECTION-B

4. (a) Account for the following : [1×3=3]

(i) pkb of aniline is more than that of methylamine.

(ii) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.

(iii) Primary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines.

Sol. (a) (i) Since lone pair of electron in case of aniline is involved in conjugation and behaves as delocalised
electron pair, it will have less basic strength than methyl amine in which lone pair of electron is
localised, hence aniline will have more pkb value than methyl amine. [1]

(ii) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction due to salt formation with aluminium chloride, the
Lewis acid, which is used as catalyst. Due to this, nitrogen of aniline acquires positive charge and
hence acts as a strong deactivating group for further reaction. [1]

(iii) Primary amines tend to have more boiling point than tertiary amine since primary amine can form
intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which is absent in tertiary amines. [1]
 OR
(b) (i) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their basic strength in aqueous
solution: [1×3=3]
CH3NH2, (CH3)3N, (CH3)2NH
(ii) What is Hinsberg’s reagent?
(iii) What is the role of pyridine in the acylation reaction of amines?
Sol. (b) (i) Order of basic strength in aqueous solution is as follows
(CH3)3N < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH [1]
(ii) Hinsberg’s reagent is as follows

[1]
(iii) In the acylation of amine a stronger base pyridine is used to remove side product HCl, which results
into shifting the equilibrium in right hand side for more yield of product. [1]
5. (a) Write the IUPAC name of the following complex: [1×3 = 3]
K3[Cr(C2O4)3]
(b) On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration of d5 ion if 0 < P.
(c) What are ambidentate ligands?
Sol. (a) K3[Cr(C2O4)3] [½×½ = 1]
Let oxidation number of Cr is x
3(+1) + x + 3 (–2) = 0

x = +3

IUPAC name → Potassium trioxalatochromate(III)

(b) If 0 < P then high spin complex will be formed [1]

Electronic configuration

(c) Ligand which has two different donor atoms and either of the two ligets in the complex is called ambidentate
ligand e.g. NO2− [1]

6. (a) Write any two consequences of Lanthanoid Contraction. 2+1=3

(b) Name the element of 3d series which exhibits the largest number of oxidation states. Give reason.
Sol. (a) Consequences of Lanthanoid Contraction [1+1]
• Basic strength of Lanthanoid hydroxide Ln(OH)3 gradually decreases with increase in atomic number.
• The almost identical radii of Zr and Hf.
(b) Manganese (Z = 25)  [Ar]4s23d5 [1]
Since 3d and 4s are close in energy, it has maximum number of unpaired electrons to lose or share. Hence
it shows highest oxidation state from +2 to +7.
7. Observe the graph shown in figure and answer the following questions: [1×3=3]

(a) What is the order of the reaction?

(b) What is the slope of the curve?

(c) Write the relationship between k and t1/2 (half life period).

Sol. For the first order reaction

2.303  [R] 
t= log  0 
k  [R] 

 [R]  kt
or log  0 = +0
 [R]  2.303 …(i)
y mx c

(a) Since given graph is straight line, it follows first order reaction. [1]

(b) Comparing equation (i) obtained with standard straight line equation y = mx + c
k
Slope (m) = [1]
2.303

ln2 0.693
(c) For first order reaction, k = = [1]
t1/2 t1/2

8. Give reasons for the following statements: [1×3 = 3]

(a) Transition elements and their compounds act as good catalysts.

Eo
(Mn2+ /Mn)
(b) value is highly negative as compared to other elements.

(c) Cr2+ is a strong reducing agent.

Sol. (a) Transition elements and their compounds act as good catalysts mainly due to two reasons:
(i) Transition metals provide suitable surface for the reaction to occur [½]

(ii) They have the ability to show variable oxidation states and form complexes [½]

(b) Because of the stable half filled d subshell (3d5) in Mn2+, Eo is highly negative as compared to other
(Mn2+ /Mn)
elements. [1]
(c) Cr2+ is strong reducing agent as it has 3d4 configuration and upon oxidising itself to Cr3+, it acquires more
stable 3d3 configuration i.e. half filled t2g orbitals. [1]
9. (a) (i) Define coagulation. [1×3 = 3]
(ii) State Hardy-Schulze rule.
(iii) What is Electrophoresis?
Sol. (a) (i) Coagulation: The process of settling of colloidal particles is called coagulation or precipitation of the
sol. [1]
(ii) Hardy-Schulze Rule: The greater the valence of the flocculating ion added, the greater is its power
to cause precipitation. [1]
(iii) Electrophoresis: When electric field is applied across two platinum electrodes dipping in a colloidal
solution, the colloidal particles move towards one or the other electrode. This movement of colloidal
particles under an applied electric field is called electrophoresis. [1]
OR
(b) Write three differences between Physisorption and Chemisorption. [1×3=3]
Sol. (b)

Physisorption Chemisorption [Any three]

(i) It arises because of van der Waal's force. (i) It is caused by chemical bond
formation.

(ii) It is not specific in nature. (ii) It is highly specific in nature.

(iii) It is reversible. (iii) It is irreversible.

(iv) Enthalpy of adsorption is low. (iv) Enthalpy of adsorption is high.

10. (a) An aromatic compound 'A' (C7H6O2) on reaction with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compound 'B'.
'B' on heating with Br2 and alcoholic potash forms a compound 'C' of molecular formula C 6H7N. Write the
reactions involved and identify 'A', 'B', 'C'. [3]

Sol. (a) [1]

→ Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction.

[1]

[1]
 OR

(b) A compound 'A' on reduction with iron scrap and hydrochloric acid gives compound 'B' with molecular
formula C6H7N. Compound 'B' on reaction with CHCl3 and alcoholic KOH produces an obnoxious smell of
carbylamine due to the formation of 'C'. Identify 'A', 'B' and 'C' and write the chemical reactions
involved. [3]

Sol. (b) Reduction of nitro compound.

[1]

Carbylamine reaction

[1]

[1]

‘C’ has obnoxious smell.

11. (a) Complete the following: [1×3=3]

1. AlH(i-Bu) H N-OH
(i) CH3CN ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
2. H O
2
→ 'A' ⎯⎯⎯⎯
2
+ → 'B'
2 H

(ii) Write IUPAC name of the following compound:

(iii) Write chemical test to distinguish between the following compounds:

Phenol and Benzoic acid

1. AlH(i-Bu) NH -OH
Sol. (a) (i) CH3CN ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→
2.H O
2
CH3CHO ⎯⎯⎯⎯
2
+ → CH3CH = N − OH [½+½]
2 H
(A) (B)

(ii)

IUPAC name: 3-Bromobenzaldehyde [1]

 (iii) Phenol and benzoic acid can be distinguished by treating each with aqueous sodium bicarbonate
solution. Effervescence of CO2 will be observed on reaction with benzoic acid but with phenol, no
characteristic change will be observed. [½]

[½]

OR

(b) Convert the following : [1×3=3]

(i) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde

(ii) Propan-1-ol to 2-Bromopropanoic acid

(iii) Acetaldehyde to But-2-enal

Sol. (b) (i) [½+½]

(ii) [½+½]

(iii) [½+½]

SECTION-C

12. Read the passage given below and answer the question that follow: [1+1+1+2=5]

Oxidation-reduction reactions are commonly known as redox reactions. They involve transfer of electrons from
one species to another. In a spontaneous reaction, energy is released which can be used to do useful work.
The reaction is split into two half reactions. Two different containers are used and a wire is used to drive the
electrons from one side to the other and a Voltaic/Galvanic cell is created. It is an electrochemical cell that uses
spontaneous redox reactions to generate electricity. A salt bridge also connects to the half cells. The reading
of the voltmeter gives the cell voltage or cell potential or electromotive force. If Ecell is positive the reaction is
spontaneous and if it is negative the reaction is non-spontaneous and is referred to as electrolytic cell.
Electrolysis refers to the decomposition of a substance by an electric current. One mole of electric charge when
passed through a cell will discharge half a mole of divalent metal ion such as Cu2 + . This was first formulated
by Faraday in the form of laws of electrolysis.
 The conductance of material is the property of materials due to which a material allows the follow of ions through
itself and thus conducts electricity. Conductivity is represented by  and it depends upon nature and
concentration of electrolyte, temperature etc. A more common term molar conductivity of a solution at a given
concentration is conductance of the volume of solution containing one mole of electrolyte kept between two
electrodes with the unit area of cross-section and distance of unit length. Limiting molar conductivity of weak
electrolytes cannot be obtained graphically.

(a) Is silver plate the anode or cathode? [1]

(b) What will happen if the salt bridge is removed? [1]
(c) When does electrochemical cell behaves like an electrolytic cell? [1]
(d) (i) What will happen to the concentration of Zn 2+ and Ag+ when Ecell = 0. [1×2=2]
(ii) Why does conductivity of a solution decreases with dilution?
OR
(d) The molar conductivity of a 1.5 M solution of an electrolyte is found to be 138.9 S cm 2 mol–1. Calculate the
conductivity of this solution. [2]
Sol. (a) Silver plate is used as cathode in the given Galvanic cell. [1]
(b) If we remove salt bridge, Galvanic cell will stop working as the flow of electrons from one half cell to another
stops. [1]

(c) If Ecell is negative or cell reaction is non-spontaneous then electrochemical cell will behave like electrolytic
cell. [1]
(d) (i) At Ecell = 0, reaction will be at equilibrium and concentrations of Zn 2+ and Ag+ become constant. [1]
(ii) Conductivity of solution decreases with dilutions as the concentration of ions decreases. [1]
OR
1000
(d) m = 
M
or
m  M
= [1]
1000
138.9  1.5
= [½]
1000
= 0.20 S cm–1 [½]
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