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Normalization is a data organization process aimed at reducing redundancy and eliminating anomalies such as insertion, deletion, and updation. Insertion anomalies occur when new data leads to incomplete information, deletion anomalies result in loss of related data, and updation anomalies cause inconsistencies during data modification. The process involves dividing larger tables into smaller ones and linking them through relationships to maintain data integrity.

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Sainadh Reddy Syamala AP21110010703
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2 views

dbms

Normalization is a data organization process aimed at reducing redundancy and eliminating anomalies such as insertion, deletion, and updation. Insertion anomalies occur when new data leads to incomplete information, deletion anomalies result in loss of related data, and updation anomalies cause inconsistencies during data modification. The process involves dividing larger tables into smaller ones and linking them through relationships to maintain data integrity.

Uploaded by

Sainadh Reddy Syamala AP21110010703
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NORMALISATION :-

Normalization is the process of organizing the data in the database.


Normalization is used to minimize the redundancy from a relation or set of
relations.
It is also used to eliminate undesirable characteristics like Insertion, Update,
and Deletion Anomalies.
Normalization divides the larger table into smaller and links them using
relationships.
The normal form is used to reduce redundancy from the database table.

Insertion Anomalies:

Insertion anomalies occur when adding new data to a table results in incomplete or
inconsistent data.

Example:
Suppose you have a "Sales" table with the following attributes:

Sales_ID Product Salesperson


1 A Alice
2 B Bob

If you want to insert a new product ("C") and there are no sales for it yet,
you'd have to leave the "Salesperson" column empty, leading to an insertion
anomaly.

Deletion Anomalies:

Deletion anomalies occur when deleting a record from a table causes the loss of
other related data.

Example:
Continuing with the "Sales" table, let's say you delete the row for product "B"
(Sales_ID 2).
You lose information about Bob's sales entirely.

Updation Anomalies:

Updation anomalies occur when modifying data in a table leads to inconsistencies or


unintended changes.
The update anomaly is when an update of a single data value requires multiple rows
of data to be updated.
Example:
In the same "Sales" table, if you want to update Bob's name from "Bob" to "Robert,"
you'd have to update multiple records with "Bob" as the salesperson, potentially
missing some and causing inconsistencies.
and he has multiple rows in this table (with different products), updating one
will affect all others.

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