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Experimental Psych Task 2

The document outlines the differences between experimental and quasi-experimental designs, highlighting that experimental designs use random assignment to reduce bias, while quasi-experimental designs do not. It also enumerates types of experimental designs, including Independent Measures, Repeated Measures, Matched Pairs, and Quasi-Experimental designs, providing examples for each. References are provided for further reading on research design methodologies.

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12 views3 pages

Experimental Psych Task 2

The document outlines the differences between experimental and quasi-experimental designs, highlighting that experimental designs use random assignment to reduce bias, while quasi-experimental designs do not. It also enumerates types of experimental designs, including Independent Measures, Repeated Measures, Matched Pairs, and Quasi-Experimental designs, providing examples for each. References are provided for further reading on research design methodologies.

Uploaded by

kingalbert1624
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Activity 2

Instructions: Answer the questions below briefly and concisely. Cite


reference/s.

1. What are the differences of the experimental design and quasi-


experimental design? (10 points)
Experimental designs and quasi-experimental designs differs in how participants are assigned
and how researchers control outside influences. In an experimental design the participants are
randomly assigned into groups, such as a treatment group or a control group. This process
reduces bias and makes it more likely that any differences observed are due to the intervention
itself (Creswell, 2014). Quasi-experimental designs do not include random assignment. Instead,
researchers investigate existing groupings. Such as a research may compare two classrooms, one
using a new teaching style and the other not. In certain circumstances, the groups may have
fundamental differences which influence the outcome. Researchers apply statistical controls to
address these imbalance but their ability to prove it is limited (Rossi, Lipsey, & Freeman, 2018).
The main difference between these designs is in the use of random assignment and experimental
designs offer stronger evidence for cause and effect relationships, while quasi-experimental
designs provide alternatives when randomization is not possible.

2. Enumerate the types of experimental design and give a sample of each


type. (20 points)

Independent Measures Design

In this design, different groups of participants are assigned to each condition. Each participant
experiences only one condition.
Sample: A researcher examines the effects of a new workout program on weight loss.
Participants are randomly assigned to either the new workout program or a traditional exercise
routine. After eight weeks, the average weight loss in both groups is compared to determine
which program is more effective

Repeated Measures Design

In a repeated measures design, the same participants experience every condition. This approach
controls for individual differences because each participant serves as their own control.
Sample: A researcher investigates the effects of different levels of sleep on cognitive
performance. Participants complete a memory test after 8 hours of sleep, then after 4 hours of
sleep, and finally after no sleep. Since the same individuals experience all conditions, their
results are compared across the different sleep levels to determine the impact of sleep deprivation
on memory
Matched Pairs Design

Participants are paired based on similar characteristics, and each member of a pair is assigned to
a different condition. This design helps ensure that any differences observed are less likely to be
due to individual variability.
Sample: In a study comparing two teaching methods, students are paired according to their pre-
test scores. One student from each pair receives instruction via Method A, while the other
receives Method B. The performance of each pair is compared to determine which method is
more effective.

Quasi-Experimental Design

Quasi-experimental designs resemble true experiments but lack random assignment. Researchers
work with pre-existing groups, which may lead to inherent differences between groups.
Sample: a hospital introduces a new order-entry system and wishes to study the impact of this
intervention on the number of medication-related adverse events before and after the intervention

References:

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods


approaches (4th ed.).

Kazdin, A. E. (2017). Research design in clinical psychology (5th ed.). Pearson.


Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2018). Evaluation: A systematic approach (8th
ed.).

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