electronics_communication_engineering
electronics_communication_engineering
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order
linear differential equations, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, methods of solution
using variation of parameters, complementary function and particular integral, partial
differential equations, variable separable method, initial and boundary value
problems.
Vector Analysis: Vectors in plane and space, vector operations, gradient,
divergence and curl, Gauss's, Green's and Stokes’ theorems.
Complex Analysis: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral
formula, sequences, series, convergence tests, Taylor and Laurent series, residue
theorem.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, combinatorial
probability, probability distributions, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution,
exponential distribution, normal distribution, joint and conditional probability.
Section 2 : Networks, Signals and Systems
Circuit analysis: Node and mesh analysis, superposition, Thevenin's theorem,
Norton’s theorem, reciprocity. Sinusoidal steady state analysis: phasors, complex
power, maximum power transfer. Time and frequency domain analysis of linear
circuits: RL, RC and RLC circuits, solution of network equations using Laplace
transform.
Linear 2-port network parameters, wye-delta transformation.
Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform, sampling theorem
and applications.
Discrete-time signals: DTFT, DFT, z-transform, discrete-time processing of
continuous-time signals. LTI systems: definition and properties, causality, stability,
impulse response, convolution, poles and zeroes, frequency response, group delay,
phase delay.
Section 3: Electronic Devices
Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, equilibrium carrier
concentration, direct and indirect band-gap semiconductors.
Carrier transport: Diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity, generation
and recombination of carriers, Poisson and continuity equations.
P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, photo diode and
solar cell.
Section 4: Analog Circuits
Diode circuits: Clipping, clamping and rectifiers.
BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: Biasing, AC coupling, small signal analysis,
frequency response. Current mirrors and differential amplifiers.
Op-amp circuits: Amplifiers, summers, differentiators, integrators, active filters,
Schmitt triggers and oscillators.
Section 5: Digital Circuits
Number representations: Binary, integer and floating-point- numbers.
Combinatorial circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using Boolean
identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS implementations,
arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders.
Sequential circuits: Latches and flip-flops, counters, shift-registers, finite state
machines, propagation delay, setup and hold time, critical path delay.
Data converters: Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs.
Semiconductor memories: ROM, SRAM, DRAM.
Computer organization: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU,
data-path and control unit, instruction pipelining.
Section 6: Control Systems
Basic control system components; Feedback principle; Transfer function; Block
diagram representation; Signal flow graph; Transient and steady-state analysis of LTI
systems; Frequency response; Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria; Bode and
root-locus plots; Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation; State variable model and
solution of state equation of LTI systems.
Section 7: Communications
Random processes: Autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white
noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems.
Analog communication: Amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle
modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne receivers.
Information theory: Entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem.
Digital communication: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK,
QAM), bandwidth, inter-symbol interference, MAP, ML detection, matched filter
receiver, SNR and BER.
Fundamentals of error correction, Hamming codes, CRC.
Section 8: Electromagnetics
Maxwell's equations: Differential and integral forms and their interpretation,
boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector.
Plane waves and properties: Reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and
group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth.
Transmission lines: Equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching,
impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart.
Rectangular and circular waveguides, light propagation in optical fibers, dipole and
monopole antennas, linear antenna arrays.