University of Antique
College of Teacher Education
Graduate Studies
Final Examination in ENGL 210 (Descriptive/ Applied Linguistics)
Instructions: Answer question number 1 and choose two (2) other
questions from among numbers 2-5 to answer. Answers should be encoded
in a letter size bond paper using Arial as a font style and 12 as a font size
and single space. The deadline for submission is January 22, 2025.
1. Imagine you are a linguist invited to participate in an international
conference on the origins of language. The conference explores various
theories explaining how language developed among humans. Each theory
presents a unique perspective on this complex issue.
In your essay, critically analyze the following theories of language origin:
Divine Origin Theory: Discuss the implications of viewing language as a
gift from a higher power. How does this perspective influence our
understanding of human communication and its purpose?
Imitative or Cries of Nature Theory: Explore the notion that language
arose from humans imitating natural sounds or cries. How does this theory
account for the development of complex language systems?
Evolutionary Theory: Consider the argument that language evolved as a
biological adaptation. How does this theory integrate findings from
anthropology, psychology, and neuroscience?
In your response, please provide specific examples to illustrate your points
and discuss how these theories can complement or contradict each other
in our understanding of language's origins. Conclude with your perspective
on which theory you find most compelling and why.
2. Certain forms of language in many societies are considered taboo due to
their potential to perpetuate harmful stereotypes or reinforce
discriminatory norms. Discuss how sexist language—whether in everyday
conversation, media, or institutional contexts—can contribute to the
reinforcement of gender inequality. In your response, consider the social
implications of using such language, and the potential impact on individual
behavior and societal attitudes, and explore strategies for challenging or
changing sexist language practices.
3. As a language teacher, you are witnessing significant changes in the way
students communicate, influenced by digital platforms, social media, and
evolving cultural norms. Many students use abbreviations, emojis, and
informal language in their everyday interactions, even in academic
settings. How should language teachers respond to these shifts in
language use? Discuss the challenges and opportunities these changes
present for language instruction. Consider how teachers can balance the
use of traditional, formal language structures with the need to
acknowledge and incorporate contemporary forms of communication while
ensuring that students develop strong language skills for both academic
and professional contexts.
4. As an English teacher, you are tasked with helping non-native students
improve their pronunciation and understanding of English phonology. Many
students struggle with the complex vowel sounds, stress patterns, and
intonation in English. In this context, discuss the key challenges that
English learners face when acquiring the phonological aspects of the
language. How can you, as a teacher, incorporate phonological awareness
into your lessons to enhance students' speaking and listening skills?
Consider practical strategies, such as minimal pair exercises or the use of
technology, that could help bridge the gap between written and spoken
English.
5. You are a language instructor teaching both English and Kinaray-a to a
group of bilingual students. During your lessons, you notice that students
tend to apply English morphological rules when speaking Kinaray-a,
leading to errors in word formation and structure. In this context, discuss
the key differences and similarities between the morphology of English
and Kinaray-a, focusing on affixes, word formation processes, and
grammatical structures. How can you, as a teacher, address these
challenges and help students develop a deeper understanding of the
morphological systems of both languages? Explore strategies for
reinforcing correct morphological usage in each language while fostering
an appreciation for the unique characteristics of Kinaray-a.
