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Lesson 4 PC

The lesson focuses on understanding the varieties and registers of spoken and written language, emphasizing cultural sensitivity and appropriate communication. It categorizes language variations into pidgin, creole, regional dialects, minority dialects, and indigenized varieties, while also defining five distinct language registers: frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate. Additionally, it outlines rules for formal and informal writing, highlighting the differences in tone, vocabulary, and structure used in various contexts.

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Angelica Lapuz
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17 views5 pages

Lesson 4 PC

The lesson focuses on understanding the varieties and registers of spoken and written language, emphasizing cultural sensitivity and appropriate communication. It categorizes language variations into pidgin, creole, regional dialects, minority dialects, and indigenized varieties, while also defining five distinct language registers: frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate. Additionally, it outlines rules for formal and informal writing, highlighting the differences in tone, vocabulary, and structure used in various contexts.

Uploaded by

Angelica Lapuz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 4:

Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
a. Determine culturally-appropriate terms, expressions, and images (sensitivity to gender, race,
class, etc.)
b. Adopt cultural awareness and sensitivity in communication of ideas; and
c. Write paragraphs or texts considering the rules in formal and informal writing.

II. CONCEPT NOTES


Global communications have almost fully connected our world. Information
superhighways now encircle the entire planet, and satellites are everywhere in our sky,
broadcasting our communications. Thus, interconnectivity has become simple.

In some ways, our way of life, businesses, factories, music, fashion, and food services
have become more and more worldwide, yet the core components of language, philosophy,
religion, and value systems will always be various.

To learn more about varieties and registers of spoken and written language, read and
write the following concepts in your notebook.

Language Variety. Any language variation that is distinct enough from one another is referred
to as a variety.
 Social
 Historical
 Spatial
 Or a combination of these

Varieties of Language
1. Pidgin. It is a new language which develops in situations where speakers of different
languages need to communicate but do not share a common language. A lexifier is a particular
language where the vocabulary of a pidgin comes from.
Examples:
 Nigerian pidgin
 Bislama (spoken in Vanuatu)

2. Creole. The pidgin that a community adopts as its mother tongue and also serves as the
children's first language.
Examples:
 Gullah
 Patwa (Jamaican creole)
 Pidgin (Hawai’I Creole English)
3. Regional Dialect. It is a variant of a language spoken in a specific region of a country; not a
unique language.
Examples:
 Hillbilly English (from the Appalachians in the USA)
 Geordie (from the Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK) 8
 Tagalog (from the Philippines)

4. Minority Dialect. It is a variety that members of a certain minority ethnic group use as a
marker of identity, typically alongside a standard variety.
Examples:
 African American Vernacular English in the USA
 London Jamaican in Britain
 Aboriginal English in Australia

5. Indigenized Varieties. Most ex-colonies with multilingual populations speak these varieties
as second languages.
Examples:
 Singlish (spoken in Singapore)

Language Register
- It is defined as the manner in which a speaker employs language differently in various
situations.
- Social occasion, setting, purpose, and audience are all significant considerations.
- It influences the vocabulary, structure, and syntax used in one's writing and even in oral
dialogue.

Five Distinct Registers (Nordquist, 2018)


1. Frozen. It refers to historic language or communication that is intended to remain unchanged,
like a constitution or a prayer.
Examples: The Holy Bible, The United States Constitution, The Bhagavad Gita, and Romeo and
Juliet

2. Formal. It is used in contexts like business, education, or government where respectful,


uninterrupted, and restricted communication is desired. Contraction and slang are seldom used.
Examples: A TED talk, a business presentation, the Encyclopedia Brittanica, and Gray’s
Anatomy by Henry Gray

3. Consultative. People use it in conversation when they are conversing with someone who has
specialized expertise or who is giving advice. Even though it may be more informal, if the
connection is long-standing or friendly, the tone is frequently respectful (usage of courtesy
titles).
Examples: The local TV news broadcast, an annual physical examination, and a service provider
like a plumber

4. Casual. It is used when people are talking with friends, close acquaintances, co-workers, and
family.
Examples: A birthday party, a backyard BBQ

5. Intimate. It is used for special occasions, usually between only two people and often in
private.
Examples: An inside joke between two college friends or a word whispered in a lover’s ear

Language Registers are Classified as:


1. Formal Language Register. It is more appropriate for professional writing and letters to a
boss or a stranger. Also, it is impersonal, meaning, it is not written for a specific person and
without emotion.
Examples:
 business letters
 letters of complaint
 some essays
 reports
 official speeches
 announcements
 professional e-mails

Rules in formal writing:


A. Do not use contractions.
 cannot instead of can’t
 have not instead of haven’t
 is not instead of isn’t

B. Spell out numbers less than one hundred.


 nineteen
 twenty-two
 seventy-eight
 six

C. Write in third person point of view, avoid using the following:


 I
 you
 we
 us

D. Avoid using too much passive verbs.


Passive: The bone was eaten by the dog.
Active: The dog ate the bone.

E. Avoid using slang, idioms, exaggeration (hyerboles) and clichés.


 awesome/cool
 check it out
 ok/okay

F. Avoid abbreviations and acronyms.


 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
 Department of Education (DepEd)
 Influenza (flu)
 Philippine Pesos (PhP)

G. Do not start sentences with words like, and, so, but, and also. Here are some good transition
words and phrases to use in formal writing:
 Nevertheless
 However
 As a result of
 Additionally
 In addition
 Although

H. Always write in complete sentences.


I. Write longer, more complex sentences.

2. Informal Language Register. It is conversational and appropriate when writing to friends


and people you know very well.
Examples:
 personal e-mails
 friendly letters
 phone texts
 most blogs
 short notes
 diaries and journals

There are no major rules to informal writing, and you can include things, such as:
 slangs and cliches
 jokes
 figurative language
 personal opinions
 symbols and abbreviations
 extra punctuation
 acronyms
 passive and active voice
 incomplete sentences
 short sentences
 first person, second person POV
 paragraphs or no paragraphs

3. Neutral Language Register. It is not necessarily formal or informal, and is used to deliver
facts.
Examples:
 reviews
 some letters
 articles
 technical writing

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