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Properties of Soil Module - Leoj

The document provides an overview of geotechnical engineering, focusing on soil properties, composition, and various relationships among soil parameters such as moisture content, unit weight, void ratio, and porosity. It includes formulas for calculating these properties and presents sample problems for practical application. Additionally, it discusses concepts like specific gravity and critical hydraulic gradient relevant to soil behavior.

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leoj guillermo
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17 views2 pages

Properties of Soil Module - Leoj

The document provides an overview of geotechnical engineering, focusing on soil properties, composition, and various relationships among soil parameters such as moisture content, unit weight, void ratio, and porosity. It includes formulas for calculating these properties and presents sample problems for practical application. Additionally, it discusses concepts like specific gravity and critical hydraulic gradient relevant to soil behavior.

Uploaded by

leoj guillermo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

BY: LEOJ C. GUILLERMO

PROPERTIES OF SOIL/ SOIL COMPOSITION


Water/Moisture Content (ω) – Ratio between
According to MATHalino (n.d.), Solids, liquids, the weight of water and weight of solid.
and gases make up soil. Water and air make up
𝑾𝒘
the majority of liquids and gasses, respectively. 𝝎=
These two elements—air and water—occupy 𝑾𝒔
the spaces between soil particles and are RELATIONSHIP AMONG G, S, e, AND ω
referred to as voids.
𝑮𝝎 = 𝒆𝑺
WEIGHT – VOLUME RELATIONSHIP
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN e AND n
𝒆
𝒏=
𝟏+𝒆
𝒏
𝒆=
𝟏−𝒏
UNIT WEIGHT (γ) – Weight of soil per unit volume,
thus:
𝑾 𝒌𝑵
𝜸= ( )
𝑽 𝒎𝟑
1. Unit weight of soil mass (Bulk/Moist Unit
Weight)
Where:
𝑮 + 𝑺𝒆 𝑮(𝟏 + 𝝎)
𝜸𝒎 = 𝜸𝒘 = 𝜸𝒘
Vs – Volume of solids 𝟏+𝒆 𝟏+𝒆
Vw – Volume of water 2. Dry Unit Weight

Va – Volume of air 𝑮 𝜸𝒎
𝜸𝒅 = 𝜸𝒘 =
𝟏+𝒆 𝟏+𝝎
V – Total volume
3. Saturated Unit Weight
Ws – Weight of solid
𝑮+𝒆
𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝜸
Ww – Weight of water 𝟏+𝒆 𝒘
Wa – Weight of air which is 0 4. Effective/ Submerged/ Bouyant Unit
Weight

Void Ratio (e) – the ratio of volume of voids to


the volume of solid 𝜸𝒃 = 𝜸′ = 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 − 𝜸𝒘
𝑽𝒗 𝑮−𝟏
𝒆= 𝜸𝒃 = 𝜸′ = 𝜸
𝑽𝒔 𝟏+𝒆 𝒘

Porosity (n) – Ratio of volume of voids to the 5. Zero Air Void Unit Weight
total volume of soil sample. 𝑮
𝜸𝒛𝒂𝒗 = 𝜸
𝑽𝒗 𝟏 + 𝑮𝝎 𝒘
𝒏 =
𝑽
Saturation (S) – Ratio of volume of voids to the Critical Hydraulic Gradient – is the hydraulic
volume of water.
gradient that brings a soil mass to static
𝑽𝒗 liquefaction (Quick sand condition)
𝑺=
𝑽𝒘 𝜸′ 𝑮−𝟏
𝒕𝒄𝒓 = =
Specific Gravity (G) – Ratio of density/Specific 𝜸𝒘 𝟏+𝒆
Weight of substance to the density/specific
RELATIVE DENSITY OF GRANULAR SOIL (Dr) –
weight of water.
Expresses the stage of compactness of natural
𝝆𝒔 𝜸𝒔 granular soil.
𝑮= =
𝝆𝒘 𝜸𝒘 𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝒆
𝑫𝒓 =
𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

BY: LEOJ C. GUILLERMO

𝟏 𝟏
𝜸𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏 − 𝜸𝒅 Problem 5
𝑫𝒓 =
𝟏 𝟏
− 𝜸 The moist unit weight of 0.00283 m3 of soil is 54.4
𝜸 𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒎𝒂𝒙
N. If the moisture content is 12% and the specific
Where: gravity of soil solids is 2.72, determine the
𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 - Void ratio in loosest state following:

𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏 - Void ratio in densest state a. Moist unit weight


b. Dry unit weight
e - Void ratio of the soil deposit (In-situ state) c. Void ratio
𝜸𝒅𝒎𝒂𝒙 – Dry unit weight in densest condition d. Porosity
e. Degree of saturation
𝜸𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏 – Dry unit weight in loosest condition

𝜸𝒅 – Dry unit weight Problem 6

A clay sample has a unit weight of 21.1kN/m3 at


moisture content of 9.8%. When completely
IMPORTANT NOTES:
saturated, its unit weight is 22.58kN/m3.
- Density of water = 1000 kg/cu.m. or 1 Determine the porosity of the Soil. Ans. n=0.343
g/cc
- Unit Weight of Water = 9.81 kN/cu.m.
Problem 7

The dry density of a soil is 1750 kg/m3 Specific


SAMPLE PROBLEMS
gravity of soil is 2.66. Determine the following:
Problem 1: CE Board Nov. 2017
a. Moisture content when it is saturated.
A sample of soil has a porosity of 40%. Evaluate b. Saturated unit weight.
its void ratio. Ans. 0.667 c. Effective unit weight of soil in kN/m?

Problem 2: CE Board May. 2017

A soil sample has a specific gravity of 2.5 for its


solid grains. It has a void ratio of 0.40 and a
degree of saturation of 40%. Evaluate the unit
weight of the soil, in kN/m^3. Ans. 18.6kN/m^3

Problem 3: CE Board May. 2019

The wet unit weight of a soil sample is 14.9


kN/m3. The soil has a water content of 12%. If
the sp.gr. of the soil is 2.67, find the dry unit
weight. Ans. 13.3

Problem 4

For a given soil, the following are known. G=


2.74, moist unit weight = 20.6 kN/m3 and
moisture content is 16.6%.

a. Determine the dry unit weight.


b. Determine the void ratio.
c. Determine the porosity.
d. Determine the degree of saturation.
e. Determine the weight of water in kN to
be added per cubic meter of soil for a
100% degree of saturation

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