CSEC Mathematics

June 2010 – Paper 2

Solutions
 SECTION I

Answer ALL questions in this section.

All working must be clearly shown.

1. (a) Determine the EXACT value of:

1 2
12 − 5
(i) 2 3 [3]
45 × 4

We first work out the numerator and denominator separately.

1 2
Numerator = 1 2 − 5

3 2
Numerator = 2 − 5

15−4
Numerator = 10

11
Numerator = 10

2 3
Denominator = 4 5 × 4

22 3
Denominator = ×4
5

66
Denominator = 20

33
Denominator = 10

Now,
 11 33
Numerator ÷ Denominator = 10 ÷ 10

11 10
Numerator ÷ Denominator = 10 × 33

11
Numerator ÷ Denominator = 33

1
Numerator ÷ Denominator = 3

1 2
1 − 1
2 5
∴ 2 3 =
4 × 3
5 4

2.89
(ii) 2.52 −
17

giving your answer to 2 significant figures [3]

Using a calculator,

2.89
2.52 − = 6.25 − 0.17
17

2.89
2.52 − = 6.08
17

2.89
2.52 − = 6.1 (to 2 significant figures)
17
(b) Mrs. Jack bought 150 T-shirts for $1 920 from a factory.

(i) Calculate the cost of ONE T-shirt. [1]

150 T-shirts = $1920

$1920
1 T-shirt = 150

1 T-shirt = $12.80

∴ The cost of 1 T-shirt is $12.80.

The T-shirts are sold at $19.99 each.

Calculate

(ii) the amount of money Mrs. Jack received after selling ALL of the T-

shirts. [1]

1 T-shirt = $19.99

150 T-shirts = $19.99 × 150

150 T-shirts = $2998.50

∴ Mrs. Jack will receive $2998.50 after selling all of the T-shirts.
(iii) the TOTAL profit made [1]

Profit = Selling Price – Cost Price

Profit = $2998.50 − $1920

Profit = $1078.50

∴ The total profit made is $1078.50.

(iv) the profit made as a percentage of the cost price, giving your answer

correct to the nearest whole number. [2]

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
Percentage profit = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 × 100%

1078.50
Percentage profit = × 100%
1920

Percentage profit = 56.2%

Percentage profit = 56% (to the nearest whole number)

∴ The profit made as a percentage of the cost price is 56%.

Total: 11 marks
2. (a) Given that 𝑎 = −1, 𝑏 = 2 and 𝑐 = −3, find the value of:

(i) 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 [1]

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = (−1) + 2 + (−3)

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = −1 + 2 − 3

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 =2−4

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = −2

(ii) 𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 [1]

𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2 = (2)2 − (−3)2

𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 = 4 − 9

𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2 = −5

(b) Write the following phrases as algebraic expressions:

(i) seven times the sum of 𝑥 and 𝑦 [1]

Algebraic expression: 7(𝑥 + 𝑦)

(ii) the product of TWO consecutive numbers when the smaller

number is 𝑦 [1]

If the smaller number is 𝑦, then the next larger, consecutive number is

𝑦 + 1.

Algebraic expression: 𝑦(𝑦 + 1)

(c) Solve the pair of simultaneous equations: [3]

2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7

𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1

2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 → Equation 1

𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1 → Equation 2

Multiplying Equation 2 by 2 gives:

2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 2 → Equation 3

Equation 1 – Equation 3 gives:

5𝑦 = 5

5
𝑦=5

𝑦=1

Substituting 𝑦 = 1 into Equation 2 gives:

𝑥 − 2(1) = 1

𝑥−2=1

𝑥 =1+2

𝑥=3

∴ 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 1
(d) Factorise completely:

(i) 4𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 [1]

4𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 = (2𝑦 + 𝑧)(2𝑦 − 𝑧) → difference of two squares

(ii) 2𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑎𝑦 − 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 [2]

= 2𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑎𝑦 − 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦

= 2𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑦) − 𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑦)

= (2𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑦)

(iii) 3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 8 [2]

= 3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 8

= 3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 8

= 3𝑥(𝑥 + 4) − 2(𝑥 + 4)

= (3𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 4)

Total: 12 marks
3. (a) A survey was conducted among 40 tourists. The results were:

28 visited Antigua (𝐴)

30 visited Barbados (𝐵)

3𝑥 visited both Antigua and Barbados

𝑥 visited neither Antigua nor Barbados

(i) Copy and complete the Venn diagram below to represent the given

information above. [2]

𝑼
𝑼
𝑨 𝑩𝑩

(28 − 3𝑥) 3𝑥 (30 − 3𝑥)

(ii) Write an expression, in 𝑥, to represent the TOTAL number of tourists

in the survey. [2]

Total number of tourists = (28 − 3𝑥) + 3𝑥 + (30 − 3𝑥) + 𝑥

Total number of tourists = 28 − 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 30 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥

Total number of tourists = 58 − 2𝑥

∴ An expression to represent the total number of tourists in the

survey is 58 − 2𝑥.
(iii) Calculate the value of 𝑥. [2]

The survey was conducted among 40 tourists.

58 − 2𝑥 = 40

2𝑥 = 58 − 40

2𝑥 = 18

18
𝑥=
2

𝑥=9

∴ The value of 𝑥 = 9.
(b) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a wooden toy in the shape of a

prism, with cross section 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸. 𝐹 is the midpoint of 𝐸𝐶, and

∠𝐵𝐴𝐸 = ∠𝐶𝐵𝐴 = 90°.

𝟓 𝒄𝒎 𝟓 𝒄𝒎

𝑬 𝑭 𝑪
𝟓 𝒄𝒎

𝑨 𝟔 𝒄𝒎 𝑩 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎

Calculate

(i) the length of 𝐸𝐹 [1]

Consider the triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐶.

5 𝑐𝑚

𝐸 || || 𝐶
𝐹
6 𝑐𝑚

𝐹 is the midpoint of 𝐸𝐶.

6
∴ 𝐸𝐹 = 2

∴ 𝐸𝐹 = 3 𝑐𝑚
(ii) the length of 𝐷𝐹 [2]

By Pythagoras’ Theorem,

(𝐸𝐹)2 + (𝐷𝐹)2 = (𝐷𝐸)2

(3)2 + (𝐷𝐹)2 = (5)2

9 + (𝐷𝐹)2 = 25

(𝐷𝐹)2 = 25 − 9

(𝐷𝐹)2 = 16

𝐷𝐹 = √16

𝐷𝐹 = 4 𝑐𝑚

∴ The length of 𝐷𝐹 is 4 𝑐𝑚.

(iii) the area of the face 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 [3]

Consider the diagram below of face 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸.

5 𝑐𝑚
4 𝑐𝑚

𝐸 || || 𝐶
𝐹
6 𝑐𝑚

5 𝑐𝑚

𝐴 𝐵
 𝑏×ℎ
Area of ∆𝐷𝐸𝐶 = 2

6×4
Area of ∆𝐷𝐸𝐶 = 2

24
Area of ∆𝐷𝐸𝐶 = 2

Area of ∆𝐷𝐸𝐶 = 12 𝑐𝑚2

Area of rectangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐸 = 𝑙 × 𝑏

Area of rectangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐸 = 6 × 5

Area of rectangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐸 = 30 𝑐𝑚2

Area of the entire face 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 = 12 + 30

Area of the entire face 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 = 42 𝑐𝑚2

∴ The area of the face 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 is 42 𝑐𝑚2 .

Total: 12 marks
4. (a) When 𝑦 varies directly as the square of 𝑥, the variation equation is written

𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2 , where 𝑘 is a constant.

(i) Given that 𝑦 = 50 when 𝑥 = 10, find the value of 𝑘. [2]

𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2

Substituting 𝑦 = 50 and 𝑥 = 10 into 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2 gives:

50 = 𝑘(10)2

50 = 100𝑘

50
𝑘 = 100

1
𝑘=2

1
∴ The value of 𝑘 = 2 .

(ii) Calculate the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 30. [2]

1
𝑦 = 2 𝑥2

When 𝑥 = 30,

1
𝑦 = 2 (30)2

1
𝑦 = 2 (900)

𝑦 = 450

∴ When 𝑥 = 30, the value of 𝑦 = 450.

(b) (i) Using a a ruler, a pencil and a pair of compasses, construct triangle 𝐸𝐹𝐺

with

𝐸𝐺 = 6 cm

∠ 𝐹𝐸𝐺 = 60°

and ∠ 𝐸𝐺𝐹 = 90°. [5]

The construction is shown below:

60°
𝐸 6 𝑐𝑚 𝐺
(ii) Measure and state

(a) the length of 𝐸𝐹

By measurement, 𝐸𝐹 = 12.0 𝑐𝑚.

(b) the size of ∠𝐸𝐹𝐺 [2]

By measurement, 𝐸𝐹̂ 𝐺 = 30°.

Total: 11 marks
5. (a) The functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3.

(i) Calculate the value of

(a) 𝑓(4) [1]

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 5

𝑓(4) = 2(4) − 5

𝑓(4) = 8 − 5

𝑓(4) = 3

∴ The value of 𝑓(4) = 3.

(b) 𝑔𝑓(4) [2]

𝑔𝑓(4) = 𝑔[𝑓(4)]

𝑔𝑓(4) = 𝑔(3)

𝑔𝑓(4) = (3)2 + 3

𝑔𝑓(4) = 9 + 3

𝑔𝑓(4) = 12

∴ The value of 𝑔𝑓(4) = 12.

(ii) Find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥). [2]

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 5

Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).

𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 5

Interchanging variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 gives:

𝑥 = 2𝑦 − 5

Making 𝑦 the subject of the formula gives:

𝑥 + 5 = 2𝑦

𝑥+5
=𝑦
2

𝑥+5
∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 2
(b) The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 for the domain

−4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2.

𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
𝟓

−𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝒙
−𝟏

−𝟐

−𝟑

−𝟒

Use the graph above to determine

(i) the scale used on the 𝑥-axis [1]

On the 𝑥-axis, the scale used is 2 𝑐𝑚 = 1 unit or 1 𝑐𝑚 = 0.5 unit.

(ii) the value of 𝑦 for which 𝑥 = −1.5 [2]

When 𝑥 = −1.5, 𝑦 = −3.8. (by read-off)

(iii) the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑦 = 0 [2]

When 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = −3 and 𝑥 = 1. (by read-off)

(iv) the range of values of 𝑦, giving your answer in the form 𝑎 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑏,

where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers [2]

Consider the sketch below:

𝑥
0
−4

The range of values of 𝑦 is: −4 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 5

which is of the form 𝑎 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑏

Total: 12 marks
6. An answer sheet is provided for this question.

(a) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows two straight lines, 𝑃𝑄 and 𝑅𝑆,

intersecting a pair of parallel lines, 𝑇𝑈 and 𝑉𝑊.

𝑹 𝑷

𝑻 𝑼
𝟏𝟏𝟓° 𝒙°

𝟓𝟒° 𝒚°
𝑽 𝑾

Determine, giving a reason for EACH of your answers, the value of

(i) 𝑥 [2]

̂ 𝑉 and 𝑃𝑉̂ 𝑊, are equal, then

Since alternate angles, 𝑇𝑈

𝑥 = 54°

(ii) 𝑦 [2]

Co-interior angles are supplementary.

𝑦 + 115° = 180°

𝑦 = 180° − 115°

𝑦 = 65°
(b) The diagram below shows triangle 𝐿𝑀𝑁, and its image, triangle 𝐿′ 𝑀′ 𝑁 ′ , after

undergoing a rotation.

𝒚
𝑳
𝟑

𝑴′
𝟐

𝑳′ 𝟏
𝑵′ 𝑵 𝑴

−𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝒙

(i) Describe the rotation FULLY by stating

(a) the centre

(b) the angle

(c) the direction [3]

Triangle 𝐿𝑀𝑁 maps onto its image, triangle 𝐿′𝑀′𝑁′, after undergoing

an anticlockwise rotation of 90° about the origin.

(ii) State TWO geometric relationships between triangle 𝐿𝑀𝑁 and its

image, triangle 𝐿′ 𝑀′ 𝑁 ′ . [2]

The two geometric relationships are:

1. ∆𝐿𝑀𝑁 maps onto ∆𝐿′𝑀′𝑁′ by a rotation which is a congruent

transformation.
 2. ∆𝐿𝑀𝑁 ≡ ∆𝐿′𝑀′𝑁′ , that is, all corresponding sides and all

corresponding angles of the object are the same as that of the

image.

1
(iii) Triangle 𝐿𝑀𝑁 is translated by the vector ( ).
−2

Determine the coordinates of the image of the point 𝐿 under this

transformation. [2]

1
Triangle 𝐿𝑀𝑁 is translated by the vector ( ).
−2

The coordinates of 𝐿 is (1, 3).

Now,

1 1 1+1
( )+( )= ( )
3 −2 3 + (−2)

1 1 2
( )+( )= ( )
3 −2 1

∴ The coordinates of the image of 𝐿 is (2, 1).

Total: 11 marks
7. A class of 24 students threw the cricket ball at sports. The distance thrown by

each student was measured to the neares metre. The results are shown below.

22 50 35 52 47 30

48 34 45 23 43 40

55 29 46 56 43 59

36 63 54 32 49 60

(a) Copy and complete the frequency table for the data shown above. [3]

Distance (𝒎) Frequency

20 – 29 3

30 – 39 5

40 − 49 8

50 − 59 6

60 − 69 2

(b) State the lower boundary for the class interval 20 – 29. [1]

The lower class boundary is 19.5.

(c) Using a scale of 1 𝒄𝒎 on the 𝒙-axis to represent 5 metres, and a scale of

1 𝒄𝒎 on the 𝒚-axis to represent 1 student, draw a histogram to illustrate

the data. [5]

Consider the table below:

Distance (𝒎) LCB UCB Frequency

20 − 29 19.5 29.5 3

30 − 39 29.5 39.5 5

40 − 49 39.5 49.5 8

50 − 59 49.5 59.5 6

60 − 69 59.5 69.5 2

∑ 𝑓 = 24
 Title: Histogram showing the information given.

Frequency

Scale:
𝑥-axis: 2 𝑐𝑚 = 10 𝑚
𝑦-axis: 2 𝑐𝑚 = 1 student

Distance (𝑚)
(d) Determine

(i) the number of students who threw the ball a distance recorded as 50

metres or more [1]

The number of students who threw the ball 50 𝑚 or more = 6 + 2

The number of students who threw the ball 50 𝑚 or more = 8

(ii) the probability that a student, chosen at random, threw the ball a

distance recorded as 50 metres or more. [1]

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙 ≥ 50 𝑚

Probability = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

8
Probability = 24

1
Probability =
3

Total: 11 marks
8. An answer sheet is provided for this question.

The diagram below shows the first three figures in a sequence of figures. Each

figure is made up of squares of side 1 𝑐𝑚.

Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3

(a) On your answer sheet, draw the FOURTH figure (Fig. 4) in the sequence. [2]

The fourth diagram in the sequence is shown below:

(b) Study the patterns in the table shown below, and on the answer sheet

provided, complete the rows numbered (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv).

Figure Area of Figure (𝒄𝒎𝟐 ) Perimeter of Figure (𝒄𝒎)

1 1 1×6−2= 4

2 4 2 × 6 − 2 = 10

3 9 3 × 6 − 2 = 16

(i) 4 16 4 × 6 − 2 = 22 [2]

(ii) 5 25 5 × 6 − 2 = 28 [2]

(iii) 15 225 15 × 6 − 2 = 88 [2]

(iv) 𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛 × 6 − 2 = 6𝑛 − 2 [2]

Consider the 𝑛th figure.

Area of the figure = 𝑛2

Perimeter of the figure = 𝑛 × 6 − 2

Perimeter of the figure = 6𝑛 − 2

(i) When 𝑛 = 4,

Area of the figure = (4)2

Area of the figure = 16

Perimeter of the figure = 4 × 6 − 2

Perimeter of the figure = 24 − 2

Perimeter of the figure = 22

(ii) When 𝑛 = 5,

Area of the figure = (5)2

Area of the figure = 25

Now,

Perimeter of the figure = 5 × 6 − 2

Perimeter of the figure = 30 − 2

Perimeter of the figure = 28

(iii) When 𝑛 = 15,

Area of the figure = (15)2

Area of the figure = 225

Now,

Perimeter of the figure = 15 × 6 − 2

Perimeter of the figure = 90 − 2

Perimeter of the figure = 88

Total: 10 marks
 SECTION II

Answer TWO questions in this section.

ALGEBRA AND RELATIONS, FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

9. (a) The diagram below shows the speed-time graph of the motion of an athlete

during a race.

Speed
in 𝒎/𝒔
𝟏𝟒

𝟏𝟐

𝟏𝟎

𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟕 𝟖 𝟗 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟑

Time in seconds

(i) Using the graph, determine

(a) the MAXIMUM speed

The maximum speed is 12 𝑚𝑠 −1 . (from graph)

(b) the number of seconds for which the speed was constant

In the graph, the part for which the speed was constant is

represented by the horizontal line.

Number of seconds = 10 − 6

Number of seconds = 4 seconds

∴ The number of seconds for which the speed was constant was 4

seconds.

(c) the TOTAL distance covered by the athlete during the race. [4]

The total distance covered by the athlete is found by calculating

the area under the graph.

1
Distance covered = 2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ

1
Distance covered = 2 (4 + 13)12

1
Distance covered = 2 (17)12

Distance covered = 102 𝑚

∴ The total distance covered by the athlete during the race is

102 𝑚.
(ii) During which time-period of the race was

(a) the speed of the athlete increasing

The athlete’s speed was increasing from 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 6, that is, a

period of 6 seconds. This is illustrated by the part of the graph

with the positive gradient.

∴ The time-period for which the speed of the athlete increasing is

𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 6.

(b) the speed of the athlete decreasing

The athlete’s speed was decreasing from 𝑡 = 10 to 𝑡 = 13, that is,

a period of 3 seconds. This is illustrated by the part of the graph

with the negative gradient.

∴ The time-period for which the speed of the athlete decreasing is

𝑡 = 10 to 𝑡 = 13.

(c) the acceleration of the athlete zero? [3]

The acceleration of the athlete was zero from 𝑡 = 6 to 𝑡 = 10, that

is, a period of 4 seconds. This is illustrated by a horizontal line in a

speed-time graph.

∴ The time-period for which the acceleration of the athlete is zero

is 𝑡 = 6 to 𝑡 = 10.
(b) A farmer supplies his neighbours with 𝑥 pumpkins and 𝑦 melons daily,

using the following conditions:

First condition : 𝑦≥3

Second condition : 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥

Third condition : the total number of pumpkins and melons must not

exceed 12

(i) Write an inequality to represent the THIRD condition. [1]

Third condition: the total number of pumpkins and melons must not

exceed 12.

Inequality: 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12

(ii) Using a scale of 1 𝒄𝒎 to represent one pumpkin on the 𝒙-axis and 1

𝒄𝒎 to represent one melon on the 𝑦-axis, draw the graphs of the

THREE lines associated with the THREE inequalities. [4]

The three inequalities are:

𝑦≥3

𝑦≤𝑥

𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12

The equations of the lines are:

𝑦=3

𝑦=𝑥

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12
 Consider 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12.

When 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 12.

When 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 12.

Points to be plotted are (0, 12) and (12, 0).

The graph is shown below:

𝑦=𝑥

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12

𝑦=3

𝑥
 (iii) Identify, by shading, the region which satisfies the THREE

inequalities. [1]

The three inequalities are:

𝑦≥3

𝑦≤𝑥

𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12

The region which satisfies all three inequalities is shown below:

𝑦=𝑥

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12

𝑦=3

𝑥
(iv) Determine, from your graph, the minimum values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 which

satisfy the conditions. [2]

The vertices of the shaded region are (3, 3) , (6, 6) and (9, 3).

Consider 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12.

Now,

For the point (3, 3), we have

3 + 3 = 6 ≤ 12

For the point (6, 6), we have

6 + 6 = 12 ≤ 12

For the point (9, 3), we have

9 + 3 = 12 ≤ 12

∴ The minimum 𝑥 and 𝑦 that satisfies the inequalities are 𝑥 = 3 and

𝑦 = 3.

Total: 15 marks
 MEASUREMENT, GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY

10. (a) In the diagram below, not drawn to scale, 𝑃𝑄 is a tangent to the circle 𝑃𝑇𝑆𝑅,

so that

∠𝑅𝑃𝑄 = 46°

∠𝑅𝑄𝑃 = 32°

and 𝑇𝑅𝑄 is a straight line.

𝟒𝟔°
𝑸
𝟑𝟐°

Calculate, giving a reason for EACH step of your answer,

(i) ∠𝑃𝑇𝑅 [2]

The angle made by the tangent 𝑃𝑄 to a circle and a chord, 𝑃𝑅, at the

point of contact, 𝑅, is equal to the angle in the alternate segment.

∴ 𝑃𝑇̂𝑅 = 46°
(ii) ∠𝑇𝑃𝑅 [3]

The sum of the angles in a triangle add up to 180°.

𝑇𝑃̂ 𝑅 = 180° − (46° + 46° + 32°)

𝑇𝑃̂ 𝑅 = 180° − 144°

𝑇𝑃̂ 𝑅 = 56°

(iii) ∠𝑇𝑆𝑅 [2]

The opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral 𝑃𝑅𝑆𝑇 are supplementary.

𝑇𝑆̂𝑅 = 180° − 56°

𝑇𝑆̂𝑅 = 124°
(b) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a vertical flagpole, 𝐹𝑇, with its

foot, 𝐹, on the horizontal plane 𝐸𝐹𝐺. 𝐸𝑇 and 𝐺𝑇 are wires which support the

flagpole in its position. The angle of elevation of 𝑇 from 𝐺 is 55°, 𝐸𝐹 = 8 𝑚,

𝐹𝐺 = 6 𝑚 and ∠𝐸𝐹𝐺 = 120°.

𝑭
𝟏𝟐𝟎°

𝟖𝒎 𝟔𝒎

𝑬 𝑮

Calculate, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures

(i) the height, 𝐹𝑇, of the flagpole [2]

Consider triangle 𝐹𝐺𝑇 below.

55°
𝐺
6𝑚 𝐹

The triangle 𝐹𝐺𝑇 is a right-angled triangle.

Now,
 𝑜𝑝𝑝
tan 𝑇𝐺̂ 𝐹 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐹𝑇
tan 55° = 6

𝐹𝑇 = 6 tan 55°

𝐹𝑇 = 8.57 𝑚 (to 3 significant figures)

∴ The height of the flagpole is 8.57 𝑚.

(ii) the length of 𝐸𝐺 [3]

Consider the triangle 𝐸𝐹𝐺.

120°
6𝑚
8𝑚
𝐺

Using the cosine rule,

(𝐸𝐺)2 = (𝐸𝐹)2 + (𝐹𝐺)2 − 2(𝐸𝐹)(𝐹𝐺) cos 𝐸𝐹̂ 𝐺

(𝐸𝐺)2 = (8)2 + (6)2 − 2(8)(6) cos 120°

1
(𝐸𝐺)2 = 64 + 36 − 96 (− )
2

(𝐸𝐺)2 = 148

𝐸𝐺 = √148

𝐸𝐺 = 12.2 𝑚 (to 3 significant figures)

(iii) the angle of elevation of 𝑇 from 𝐸 [3]

Consider the right-angled triangle 𝐸𝐹𝑇.

8.57 𝑚

𝜃
𝐸 𝐹
8𝑚

Let 𝜃 be the angle of elevation of 𝑇 from 𝐸.

Now,
𝑜𝑝𝑝
tan 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗

8.57
tan 𝜃 = 8

8.57
𝜃 = tan−1 ( )
8

𝜃 = 47.0° (to 1 decimal place)

∴ The angle of elevation of 𝑇 from 𝐸 is 47°.

Total: 15 marks
 VECTORS AND MATRICES

11. (a) 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two 2 × 2 matrices such that

1 2 5 −2
𝐴=( ) and 𝐵=( )
2 5 −2 1

(i) Find 𝐴𝐵. [2]

1 2 5 −2
We are given that 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = ( ).
2 5 −2 1

1 2 5 −2
𝐴𝐵 = ( )( )
2 5 −2 1

(1 × 5) + (2 × −2) (1 × −2) + (2 × 1)
𝐴𝐵 = ( )
(2 × 5) + (5 × −2) (2 × −2) + (5 × 1)

5 + (−4) −2 + 2
𝐴𝐵 = ( )
10 + (−10) −4 + 5

1 0
𝐴𝐵 = ( )
0 1

(ii) Determine 𝐵 −1, the inverse of 𝐵. [1]

5 −2
𝐵=( )
−2 1

det(𝐵) = 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐

det(𝐵) = (5)(1) − (−2)(−2)

det(𝐵) = 5 − 4

det(𝐵) = 1
 𝑑 −𝑏
𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐵) = ( )
−𝑐 𝑎

1 −(−2)
𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐵) = ( )
−(−2) 5

1 2
𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐵) = ( )
2 5

1
𝐵 −1 = det(𝐵) × 𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐵)

1 1 2
𝐵 −1 = 1 ( )
2 5

1 2
𝐵 −1 = ( )
2 5

1 2
∴ The inverse of 𝐵 is 𝐵 −1 = ( ).
2 5

(iii) Given that

5 −2 𝑥 2
( ) (𝑦) = ( )
−2 1 3
𝑥
write (𝑦) as the product of TWO matrices. [2]

5 −2 𝑥 2
( ) (𝑦) = ( )
−2 1 3

𝑥 5 −2 −1 2
(𝑦 ) = ( ) ( )
−2 1 3
𝑥 1 2 2
(𝑦 ) = ( )( )
2 5 3
(iv) Hence, calculate the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦. [2]

𝑥 1 2 2
(𝑦) = ( )( )
2 5 3
𝑥 (1 × 2) + (2 × 3)
(𝑦) = ( )
(2 × 2) + (5 × 3)

𝑥 2+6
(𝑦) = ( )
4 + 15
𝑥 8
(𝑦) = ( )
19

∴ 𝑥 = 8 and 𝑦 = 19.
(b) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows triangle 𝐽𝐾𝐿.

𝑀 and 𝑁 are points on 𝐽𝐾 and 𝐽𝐿 respectively, such that

1 1
𝐽𝑀 = 3 𝐽𝐾 and 𝐽𝑁 = 3 𝐽𝐿.

(i) Copy the diagram in your answer booklet and show the points 𝑀

and 𝑁. [2]

The diagram is shown below:

𝑴
𝑱

𝑵
𝑳

(ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝒖 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗

Given that 𝐽𝑀 𝐽𝑁 = 𝒗,

write, in terms of 𝒖 and 𝒗, an expression for

(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐽𝐾

⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐽𝐾 = 3𝐽𝑀

⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝒖
𝐽𝐾
 (b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑁

Using the triangle law,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑁 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐽 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐽𝑁

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑁 = −𝐽𝑀⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐽𝑁

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −𝒖 + 𝒗
𝑀𝑁

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑁 = 𝒗 − 𝒖

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(c) 𝐾𝐿 [4]

Using the triangle law,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐾𝐽
𝐾𝐿 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐽𝐿
⃗⃗⃗

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐾𝐿 = −3𝒖 + 3𝒗

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝒗 − 3𝒖
𝐾𝐿

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐾𝐿 = 3(𝒗 − 𝒖)

(iii) Using your findings in (b)(ii), deduce TWO geometrical relationships

between 𝐾𝐿 and 𝑀𝑁. [2]

Two geometrical relationships between 𝐾𝐿 and 𝑀𝑁 are:

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑀𝑁
1. 𝐾𝐿 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , that is, a scalar multiple. Hence, 𝐾𝐿
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is parallel to 𝑀𝑁
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = 3|𝑀𝑁
2. |𝐾𝐿 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |, that is, the length of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐾𝐿 is 3 times the length of

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑁.

Total: 15 marks

END OF TEST