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RWS Q3 Module 1 Lessons-3-4 Version-4-1

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Senior High School

Reading and Writing

Skills
Quarter 3 - Module 1
Reading and Thinking Strategies across Text Types

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Reading and Writing Skills – Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 - Module 1: Reading & Thinking across Text Types
First Edition, 2020

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Senior
Senior High
High School
School

Reading and
Writing
Quarter 3 - Module 1
Reading and Thinking Strategies
across Text Types

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encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedbacks,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@
deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedbacks and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

FAIR USE AND CONTENTS DISCLAIMER: This Self Learning Module (SLM) is
for educational purposes only. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems,
pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in these modules are
owned by their respective copyright holders. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them. Sincerest appreciation to those who
made significant contributions to these modules.

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Table of Contents

What This Module is About ................................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. ii
How to Learn from this Module ...........................................................................................................iii
Icons of this Module ...............................................................................................................................iii

What I Know ........................................................................................................................................... iv

Lesson 3:
Identifying Explicit and Implicit Information............................................... 1
What I Need to Know .......................................................................................... 1
What’s New: Implicit and Explicit Conversation with Family Members ........ 2
What Is It ....................................................................................................... 2
What’s More: Identifying Implicit and Explicit Information .............................. 4
What I Have Learned: Synthesizing your Learning ......................................... 4
What I Can Do: Essay Writing............................................................................ 5

Lesson 4:
Claim of Fact, Claim of Value and Claim of Policy ............................... 6
What’s In ............................................................................................................... 6
What I Need to Know .......................................................................................... 7
What’s New: Mini Comic Strip …………………………………………………..7
What Is It …………………………………………………………………………. 7
What’s More: Defining Claim and Its Importance .......................................... . 8
What’ is It ........................................................................................................... 9
What’s More ................................................................................................ 10
What I Have Learned:…………………………………………………………...11
What I Can Do …………………………………………………………………...11

Summary ........................................................................................................................... 12
Assessment: (Post-Test) .................................................................................................... 13
References ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 17

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What This Module is About

Welcome to exciting episode of Reading and Writing! Your patience and
dedication to learn new things are truly remarkable! Keep it up!

Communicating through written words and interacting with texts are not easy
feats. Though ideas are there but as to how to write and present these ideas seem a
challenge to a beginning writer. Thus, learning to develop your skills in writing is
necessary in creating text effectively.

As we go along the way, take every opportunity to learn new concepts, ideas
and skills whole-heartedly. Everything that you will learn from this Module is not limited
to this piece of paper. Instead, you will be applying them in real life. It may sound
cheesy but after going through this Module, you would surely tell yourself that you
wouldn’t leave this Module empty-handed. Remind yourself that there is a reason why
you’re learning these things.

This module will also help you progress to the challenge by equipping you with
the necessary skills in thinking critically, selecting information efficiently, organizing
ideas logically, and evaluating arguments soundly.

The following lessons are contained in this module:

1. Explicit and Implicit Claim

a. Claim of Fact
b. Claim of Value
c. Claim of Policy

2. Context of Development
a. Hypertext
b. Intertext

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At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Differentiate explicit from Implicit Claim

a. Claim of Fact
b. Claim of Value
c. Claim of Policy

2. Establish Context of Development Effectively

a. Hypertext
b. Intertext

ii

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How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives, you are expected to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

iii

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Multiple Choice: Select the letter of the best answer from the given choices.

1. This pattern of development in writing provides specific instances to support a

claim.
A. Exemplification C. Persuasion
B. Problem-solution D. Description

2. A well-written text is __________.

A. the writer’s knowledge of the fundamental properties of grammar
B. built around effective paragraphing, on coherence and on established
conventions
C. the property that shows the interplay between the physical aspects of
organization and deeper textual aspects
D. the constitution of proper paragraphing and logical order of presentation of
ideas

3. Which property of a well-written text constitutes proper paragraphing and logical

order of presentation of ideas?
A. Organization C. Language Use
B. Coherence and Cohesion D. Writing Mechanics

4. Which property of a well-written text constitutes features that facilitate textual

continuity?
A. Organization C. Language Use
B. Coherence and Cohesion D. Writing Mechanics

5. Which property of a well-written text refers to the appropriate language to be used

in writing/speaking?
A. Organization C. Language Use
B. Coherence and Cohesion D. Writing Mechanics

6. This is a type of information directly stated in a written text.

A. Implicit B. Semi-Detailed
B. Detailed D. Explicit

7. A type of information requiring the reader to analyze and read between the lines
to get the meaning of what the author is telling.
A. Implicit B. Semi-Detailed
B. Detailed D. Explicit

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8.This refers to a statement considered not accepted by all.

A. Argument C. Evidence
B. Claim D. Fact

9. What type of claim that answers the following questions: Did it happen? Is it true?
Does it exist?
A. Claim of Fact B. Claim of Value
C. Claim of Cause D. Claim of Policy

10. What type of claim that answers the question: What should we do?
A. Claim of Fact C. Claim of Value
B. Claim of Cause D. Claim of Policy

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Lesson Explicit and Implicit Claims

3 in a Text

Grade 12, Second Semester, Q3- Week 3

What I Need to Know

When communicating in written texts, there is always a meaning or information that

the writer wants you to understand. Most of the time, the information that you are trying to find
out from a written text can be found in the text itself. It means that you spend little time to get
what the writer is telling you since it is already stated or mentioned in the content of the material
that you are reading. But sometimes, those factors mentioned (meaning, information or claim)
are not directly stated. The writer’s purpose is not obvious, thus, “reading between the lines”
is needed in order to fully comprehend the written text.

Before delving further into the lesson, let us first identify the difference between implicit
claim and explicit means by studying the image shown below.

The image depicts a conversation of two

friends via text messaging. Person A asks his friend
if they will go to the beach on a Sunday afternoon.
But person B initially forgot what they planned about
that is why Person A sent another text message
specifying what will happen.

In Person A’s first message, he was

implicitly asking his friend if he will commit going to
the beach with him on Sunday by asking him, “You
down, bro?” But Person B completely forgets their
trip that’s why responded with, “Huh?” Person A then
responded explicitly, “Are you going to the beach on
Sunday with me?”

With the above scenario, Table 1 below captures the differences between Implicit and
Explicit Claims.

Table 1. Differences between Implicit and Explicit

IMPLICIT EXPLICIT
Something that is stated but not Something that is directly stated
directly
May not be understood right Is easy to understand/No confusion
away/tends to be confusing intended
Needs to be analyzed or re-read Does not need analysis since
thoroughly in order to be information is obviously stated
understood

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Based on the given concepts, can you think of another difference between implicit and
explicit?

Now that they are different from each other, what is their significance in reading and
writing? But before we go deeper into the lesson, let us try to apply implicit and explicit in your
day - to - day conversation with the members of your family in the house.

What’s New

Activity 1: Implicit and Explicit conversations with family members. Draw a simple
scenario where you are talking with any of your family member in the house. The
conversation must show implicit and explicit sentences. Underline the implicit
part and circle the explicit part.

What Is It

What Is It?

Just a quick recap, explicit information is clearly stated in the reading text. The
information is reflected in the text. While implicit is information not directly stated in the text.
In this regard, reading “between the lines” and looking for clues are valuably needed to
readily identify the writer’s idea.

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Following are examples of implicit and explicit information written in the text.

EXPLICIT INFORMATION

1. It is important to talk about what you are feeling especially when you feel scared, anxious,
and sad. If you do not open up, there is a strong possibility that your thoughts and feelings
will give you a very negative outlook in life.

2. Regular exercising can help boost your immune system. It also improves both physical
and mental health by inhaling positivity and exhaling negativity.

Explanation:

In the first text, it is clearly stated that sharing your feelings is important towards
achieving an optimistic outlook in life. It is explicit because the information is direct to the point.
In like manner, the second text informs the reader that exercising is vital in improving both
physical and mental health. The information is easy extracted from the given texts.

IMPLICIT INFORMATION

1. Andrew and Sarah have been married for 4 years. They were close in complying the
requirements for child adoption. One day, when Andrew parked his motorcycle outside the
adoption center to submit the papers, he kneeled to the ground and burst into tears when
he received a text from his wife which stated, “I’m positive!”

2. When Kobe arrived at the basketball court, he saw a dog wagging its tail and coming to
him. Kobe kept on walking, moving away from the dog. He never owned one.

Explanation:

On the first text, have you instantly identified the reason why Andrew was crying in
the end? He burst into tears because he found out that his wife is finally pregnant after four
years of their marriage (“I’m positive”). In the second passage, it was not stated that Kobe
does not like dogs, but it is the impression that you get when you have read it. The first clue
refers to when he moved away from the dog; the second clue reflects that Kobe never owned
a dog.

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What’s More

Activity 2: Identifying implicit and explicit information. Write (ei) if the given written text is
an explicit information and (ii) if the text displays an implicit information. Write your
answer in your activity notebook.
1. I like to eat mangoes because they are yummy and nutritious.
2. Joseph wakes up early and sleeps late. His phone is always connected to his charger.
3. My 4-year-old nephew ran towards me when he saw me getting a box from my car’s
trunk.
4. All living things are made up of cells. That means, plants too, have cells.
5. Mrs. Labitad is afraid of heights. It all started when her co-worker jokingly pushed her while
she was on the railings of a mountain resort.
6. During the pandemic, there was a global shortage of disinfectants. Strangely, one of my
social media friends never ran out of stocks of rubbing alcohol. She sold them at above
standard price.
7. If you are planning to go to the municipality of Claveria, make sure to bring with you extra
batteries for your camera.
8. According to studies, eating fruits and vegetables helps us to foster good digestion.
9. When I went to my friend’s birthday party, I ate everything they served except pork.
10. The Philippine Independence Day is celebrated every 12th. of June.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Synthesizing Your Learning. Answer the following questions based on your
learning. Be specific in your answers.

1. Why do you think it is important to learn implicit and explicit information in reading and
writing? Cite examples to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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2. If you were to express yourself in writing, which among the two (implicit or explicit) would
you use? Or would you choose both? Cite examples to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Write 3 examples of implicit information and 3 examples of explicit information. Provide an

explanation for each example.

EXPLICIT
a.
Explanation:
b.
Explanation:
c.
Explanation:

IMPLICIT
a.
Explanation:
b.
Explanation:
c.
Explanation:

What I Can Do

Activity 4: Essay Writing

In a moment, pretend that you are a leader. You are free to choose whether you are a
classroom president, president of the student government, a barangay captain, a mayor, a
governor or even the president of the Philippines. Write a speech focusing on one particular
issue that you want to address. The issue should be written implicitly while your solution as
a leader should be written explicitly. Use your creativity and imagination.

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Lesson
Claim of Fact, Claim of Policy
4 and Claim of Value
Grade 12, Second Semester, Q3- Week 4

What’s In

During the previous lesson, you were able to learn implicit and explicit information.
Those concepts help you in getting information and how you will react and respond to what is
stated in the written text. In this lesson, you will focus on information given, particularly claims
and their types.

What I Need to Know

Have you ever tried to prove to someone that what you are saying is right? You want
to convince the other person that your point is true and you actually have basis in what you
are saying and you are not just stating random things. In this section, we will learn many
concepts and lesson about proving something properly substantiated by evidence.

Before going into detail, examine the image shown below about a man standing on
top of our planet, holding a flag. What is he trying to prove?

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

The image found above is a man claiming that he has conquered the entire world by
planting a flag of his colony Take note of the word claim because this is going to be discussed
elaborately in this lesson.

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What’s New

Activity 1: Mini comic strip. Draw a scene where you are having a friendly debate with
a friend about something that you believe in but he/she is totally opposite
of your stand. Convince your friend by providing ideas to support your
argument.

What Is It

A claim is a statement that is not considered accepted by all. It may be true or

controversial to a certain degree. It is usually related to one side of an issue. If so, the claim
is also called a position.

Furthermore, claim can be based on the type of presentation or argumentation that

we would like to do after reading. It means that we can get content from a written text and
make it as a basis in making claims. Take note that a claim may actually be factual(true), or it
could also be mere judgement. A claim is also used as a main point in an argument. If
somebody gives an argument to support his/her position, then that person is
actually making a claim. Also, a claim is a writer’s point of view that he/she wants the reader
to accept regarding a topic or issue.

It is important to make claims especially in writing argumentative type of text. It is one

way of taking a side and supporting your claim with facts, values and policies. There are also
several factors in which you should consider in making claims. You cannot just claim
something without having logical reasons or even providing explanation on why you believe
so. It is essential to take sides especially on issues that are controversial and need our utmost
attention. The presence of issues and arguments serves as the reason essential to make
claims.

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What’s More

Activity 2: Making Claims on Issues. On the space provided, write 1-3 sentences on the
various issues to support your claim.

1. Taxation to Online Sellers

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

2. Restoring Death Penalty in the Philippines

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

3. Social Media as A Replacement to TV and Radio in Getting the Latest News

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

4. Animals Need to be Free

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5. Red is a symbol of Strength

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

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What Is It

Following are the three types of claims.

1. Claim of Fact - is a piece of information based on reliable authority, such as science

or history. It also involves series of statements that can be verified, no matter how difficult. It
talks about what is or what is not certain on conditions that exist. From the word fact, it refers
to something that is known or true. For example, it is a fact that the sun is the center of our
solar system. It is a fact because science can prove it and there is an actual evidence.

In addition, claims of fact answer the questions: What is true and what is false? What
happened or did not happen? What exists and what does not?

2.Claim of Policy - is usually made in relation to solving societal problems/issues. Most

of the time, a claim of policy asks for plans to solve current problems. It also suggests that
there should be an answer to a problem that has been brought up or defined by an argument.

An example is the new doble-plaka law where motorcycles should bear two plate
numbers. One in the front and one at the back. This law has been very controversial, and
many riders have expressed their negative reactions towards this but the lawmakers explain
that it will help trace down criminal activities since many of these involve riding-in-tandem
individuals. They also stated that the new plate numbers are larger than the previous one.

3. Claims of Value usually answer the questions: What should be done? How can we
solve this problem? What course of action should be taken?

A claim of value is a piece of information focused on relative judgement such as

goodness or badness and usually addresses issues based on standards. It is a statement
reflecting which one is better, more important, more needed and more useful. Further, it
attempts to prove that some things are more or less desirable than others. From the word
value, it is about which is more or most valuable between compared issues or a number of
given issues. For instance, legalizing abortion for rape victims. Abortion is a serious issue but
in the argument of people that support that it should be available for rape victims, they claim
that there are rape victims who have unwanted pregnancies as a result of the action they have
been victimized.

Further, there is a claim that fixing a house is better than buying/building a new one.
In this argument, it is believed that retaining an old house is more valuable than having a new
one since the old one is filled with memories and sentimental value that no amount of money
or even the most beautiful house can ever replace.

Claims of fact answer the questions: Is it good or bad? Is it right or wrong? Is It ethical
or unethical?

Remember, claims are subject to arguments since when making a claim, you want to
convince your reader or the opposing person/party that what you are saying is correct and
they must believe in the claims that you make.

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What’s More

Activity 3: Identifying Claims. Write CF if the statement is a claim of fact, CP for claim
of policy and CV for claim of value.

______ 1. Cory Aquino is the first female President of the Republic of the Philippines.
______ 2. Honesty is the best policy.
______ 3. Obesity can cause heart disease.
______ 4. Firemen in the town needs more training.
______ 5. Animals need to be free.
______ 6. Cebuano should be our national language
______ 7. The Congress must make a bill limiting teenagers use of smartphones.
______ 8. It is better to give than to receive.
______ 9. The Philippines is an archipelago.
______ 10. If a drug lord is caught, the penalty should be lethal injection.
______ 11. Bringing of electronic gadgets such as laptops and smartphones must be banned
in schools.
______ 12. The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has taken hundreds of thousands of lives
all around the world.
______ 13. The book version is always better than the movie version.
______ 14. One-child policy must be implemented in the Philippines to control our population.
______ 15. Neil Armstrong was the first man to step foot on the moon.

10

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What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Read the passage below. Then, fill out the given Table with statements
extracted from the passage which will point out to claims of fact, value, and
policy.

Childhood obesity in our country has more than tripled in the past 30 years. Today,
one in six children in our country is obese. This is unacceptable. As parents, we try to provide
a better future for our children, better than we have ever had. We need to stand up and do
what we can. We can start by supporting the passing of the anti-junk food bill in schools and
other child-friendly areas.

- Adapted from Sample Op-Ed on

Childhood Education

Begin Here:
Claim of Fact Claim of Value Claim of Policy

What I Can Do

Activity 5: Write To Make it Right, Alright? Choose one negative trait that you have and
make a letter to yourself claiming that you will be changing for the better. Apply
the three types of claims that you have learned. For example, you claim that you
really are a liar (a claim of fact) and you promise to yourself that you will change
that attitude by doing things that you think will help you (a claim of policy). Make
use of the space given below.

11

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Summary
1. Implicit Information is something that is stated indirectly. It may not be understood right
away and it tends to be confusing. There is also a need to re-read and analyze what the writer
is trying to inform his/her readers.

2. Explicit Information refers to something that is directly stated. Information is easy to

understand since what you are trying to find out as a reader is already given. In addition, all
the details needed for the reader to understand is obvious.

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3. Claims are statements that are not considered accepted by all. This is your side on a
particular issue. It could also be used as a main point of your argument towards an issue.
Important reminder, a claim may actually be factual or it could also be just a mere judgement.
That’s why it is important to know and differentiate types of claims.

4. Claim of Fact is a piece of information based on reliable authority, such as science or

history. It is also a series of statements that can be verified no matter how difficult. From the
word fact, it refers to something that is known or provided to be true. It can be answered by
the questions: What is true and what is false? What happened or what didn’t happen?

Example: Dr. Jose P. Rizal is the Philippine National Hero.

5. Claim of Policy is about what should be done over a certain issue. This type of policy
usually made in relation to solving societal problems/issues. Most of the time, a claim of policy
seeks for plans to solve current problems. It answers the questions: What should be done?
How can this problem be solved? What course of action should be taken?

Example: Traffic violators must be given bigger fines.

6. Claim of Value is a piece of information focused on relative judgement such as goodness

or badness and usually based on a person’s standards. It is a statement that about which is
better, more important, more needed and more useful. This type of claim answer common
questions regarding the good or the bad, the right or the wrong and if it is ethical or not ethical.

Example: Social media is more reliable in getting the latest happenings around the country
than newspapers do.

12

Multiple Choice: Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. This pattern of development in writing provides specific instances to support a claim.

A. Exemplification C. Persuasion
B. Problem-solution D. Description

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2. Telling a story or anecdote

A. Problem-solution C. Cost-benefit
B. Question-answer D. Narration

3. Which essay development method systematically draws similarities and differences

between two things?
A. analogy C. question-answer
B. comparison and contrast D. problem-solution

4. This is a mode of paragraph development which is almost coupled with argumentation.

A. Exemplification C. Persuasion
B. Problem-solution D. Description

5. An action and its results are discussed

A. Chronological C. Sequence / process
B. Problem and solution D. Cause and effect

6. Which of the following is not a property of a well-written text?

A. Coherence and Cohesion C. Organization
B. Paragraphing D. Writing Mechanics

7. A well-written text is
A. the writer’s knowledge of the fundamental properties of grammar
B. built around effective paragraphing, on coherence and on established conventions
C. the property that shows the interplay between the physical aspects of organization
and deeper textual aspects
D. the constitution of proper paragraphing and logical order of presentation of ideas

8. Which property of a well-written text constitutes proper paragraphing and logical order of
presentation of ideas?
A. Organization C. Language Use
B. Coherence and Cohesion D. Writing Mechanics

9. Which property of a well-written text constitutes features that facilitate textual continuity?
A. Organization C. Language Use
B. Coherence and Cohesion D. Writing Mechanics

10. Which property of a well-written text refers to the appropriate language to be used in
writing/speaking?
A. Organization C. Language Use
B. Coherence and Cohesion D. Writing Mechanics

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11. This is a type of information where it is directly stated in a written text.
A. Implicit C. Semi-Detailed
B. Detailed D. Explicit

12. A type of information requiring the reader to analyze and read between the lines to get
the meaning of what the author is telling.
A. Implicit C. Semi-Detailed
B. Detailed D. Explicit

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13.This refers to a statement considered not accepted by all.

A. Argument C. Evidence
B. Claim D. Fact

14. What type of claim answers: Did it happen? Is it true? Does it exist?
A. Claim of Fact C. Claim of Value
B. Claim of Cause D. Claim of Policy

15. What type of claim answers: What should we do?

A. Claim of Fact C. Claim of Value
B. Claim of Cause D. Claim of Policy

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References

Books
Anudin, A. and Peňa, A., 2016. Reading And Writing: Teacher's Manual. Quezon City: Lexicon
Press,Inc., pp.125-134

Pablico, Fe, and Nhyrejen De la Cerna. 2020. Learning Activity Sheets In Reading And Writing
(SHARED Options). Ebook. Cagayan de Oro City: DepEd, Division of Cagayan de Oro
City. Accessed May 16. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1PVQyOM1Z1kJjhb-
ZkpubByS1qA6iZMFK?fbclid=IwAR1bbLzAuBDRK0WzVC6OoYm8YrkmIpIW0qXVZZclcG6
Ub-m8V5RKhRbeRk

Tesoro, Hazel Angeyn. 2016. "Deped Commons". Deped.Gov.Ph.

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1nBdfN237_N6SmCIqRo43EEDqrs3NDU1r.

Lumakin, Sharicah Kindra, and et. al. 2017. "Context Of Text Development". Slisdehare.Com.
https://www.slideshare.net/njoy1025/context-of-text-development

Websites
http://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/elejeune/methods.htm

https://www.teacherph.com/stronger-parent-teacher-partnership-amidst-pandemic/

https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/writing-worksheets/persuasive-essay-
examples/preview/persuasive-essay-examples-01.jp

https://www.google.com/search?q=free+graphics+on+psychosocial+issues&tbm=isch&ved=
2ahUKE

Learning Activity Sheets in Reading and Writing – SHARED Options (Div. of CDOC)

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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