24/02/25, 20:37 Clean Code in JavaScript: A Comprehensive Guide 🚀 - DEV Community

Alaa Samy
Posted on 22 feb • Edited on 24 feb

84 4 6 5 7

Clean Code in JavaScript: A Comprehensive

Guide 🚀
#programming #javascript #cleancode #beginners

Writing clean code is an essential skill for any developer. Clean code isn't just about
making your code work—it's about making it work elegantly, efficiently, and in a way
that other developers (including your future self) can easily understand and maintain.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the principles and best practices of writing
clean JavaScript code.

What is Clean Code?

Clean code is code that is:

1. Readable: Easy to understand at a glance

2. Maintainable: Simple to modify and debug
3. Reusable: Can be repurposed for different scenarios
4. Testable: Easy to write unit tests for
5. Scalable: Can grow without becoming complex

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1. Variables: The Building Blocks of Clean Code

- Use Meaningful Variable Names

Your variable names should clearly indicate their purpose and context.

// Bad
const d = new Date();
let u = getUser();
const arr = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

// Good
const currentDate = new Date();
let currentUser = getUser();
const fruitList = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

- Use Constants for Fixed Values

When a value won't change, use const instead of let or var .

// Bad
var API_ENDPOINT = 'https://api.example.com';
var MAX_ITEMS = 100;

// Good
const API_ENDPOINT = 'https://api.example.com';
const MAX_ITEMS = 100;

- Maintain Consistent Naming Convention

Use consistent naming patterns throughout your codebase.

// Bad - Inconsistent naming

getUserInfo()
getClientData()
getCustomerRecord()

// Good - Consistent naming

getUser()
updateUser()
deleteUser()

- Use Searchable Names

Make your variables and constants easily searchable.

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// Bad
setTimeout(doSomething, 86400000);

// Good
const MILLISECONDS_IN_A_DAY = 86400000;
setTimeout(doSomething, MILLISECONDS_IN_A_DAY);

2. Objects: Organizing Data Cleanly

- Use Getters and Setters

Encapsulate object properties using getters and setters.

// Bad
class User {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name;
}
}

// Good
class User {
#name; // Private field

constructor(name) {
this.#
#name = name;
}

getName() {
return this.#
#name;
}

setName(name) {
this.#
#name = name;
}
}

- Implement Private Members

Use private fields and methods to protect object data.

class BankAccount {
#balance = 0; // Private field

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deposit(amount) {
if (this.#
#validateAmount(amount)) {
this.#
#balance += amount;
}
}

#validateAmount(amount) { // Private method

return amount > 0;
}
}

3. Functions: The Heart of Clean Code

- Keep Functions Small and Focused

Each function should do exactly one thing.

// Bad
function processUserData(user) {
validateUser(user);
updateUserInDatabase(user);
sendWelcomeEmail(user);
updateUIWithUserData(user);
}

// Good
function processUserData(user) {
if (validateUser(user)) {
saveUserData(user);
}
}

function saveUserData(user) {
updateUserInDatabase(user)
.then(sendWelcomeEmail)
.then(updateUIWithUserData);
}

- Limit Function Parameters

Use objects to pass multiple parameters.

// Bad
function createUser(firstName, lastName, email, age, location) {

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// ...
}

// Good
function createUser(userConfig) {
const { firstName, lastName, email, age, location } = userConfig;
// ...
}

- Use Descriptive Function Names

Function names should clearly describe what they do.

// Bad
function proc(data) { /* ... */ }

// Good
function processUserPayment(paymentData) { /* ... */ }

4. Comments: When and How to Use Them

- Write Self-Documenting Code

Your code should be clear enough that it doesn't need extensive comments.

// Bad
// Check if user is adult
if (user.age >= 18) { /* ... */ }

// Good
const isAdult = user.age >= 18;
if (isAdult) { /* ... */ }

- Use Comments for Complex Logic

Comments should explain "why" not "what".

// Bad
// Iterate through users
users.forEach(user => { /* ... */ });

// Good
// Filter inactive users before sending notifications to avoid

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// overwhelming users who haven't logged in for 30+ days
const activeUsers = users.filter(user => user.lastLogin > thirtyDaysAgo);

5. Testing: Ensuring Code Quality

- Write Tests First (TDD)

Consider writing tests before implementing features.

// Example test
describe('User Authentication', () => {
it('should successfully login with valid credentials', () => {
const user = new User('[email protected]', 'password123');
expect(user.login()).toBeTruthy();
});
});

- Test Edge Cases

Always test boundary conditions and error cases.

describe('Array Utility', () => {

it('should handle empty arrays', () => {
expect(processArray([])).toEqual([]);
});

it('should handle null input', () => {

expect(() => processArray(null)).toThrow('Invalid input');
});
});

6. Modern JavaScript Features for Cleaner Code

- Use Optional Chaining

// Bad
const streetName = user && user.address && user.address.street;

// Good
const streetName = user?.address?.street;

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- Utilize Destructuring

// Bad
const firstName = user.firstName;
const lastName = user.lastName;

// Good
const { firstName, lastName } = user;

- Implement Default Parameters

// Bad
function greet(name) {
name = name || 'Guest';
return `Hello, ${name}!`;
}

// Good
function greet(name = 'Guest') {
return `Hello, ${name}!`;
}

Conclusion
Writing clean code is an ongoing journey of improvement. It's not just about
following rules—it's about developing a mindset that values clarity, simplicity, and
maintainability. Remember:

Write code for humans first, computers second

Keep your functions small and focused
Use meaningful names for variables and functions
Test thoroughly
Refactor regularly
Stay consistent with your coding style

By following these principles and continuously refining your approach, you'll write
code that's not just functional, but truly professional and maintainable.

References
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24/02/25, 20:37 Clean Code in JavaScript: A Comprehensive Guide 🚀 - DEV Community

https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/the-clean-code-handbook/?ref=dailydev
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=b9c5GmmS7ks&list=PLWKjhJtqVAbkK24EaPurzMq0-kw5U9pJh&index=1

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Top comments (22)

Alex Lohr • 23 feb

About #2 using classes to organize data: it is always a bad idea to conflate

data with functionality - and wrapping everything in getters and setters will
just inflate your code. Unless you need to take action on getting and setting,
those are pure overhead - and otherwise, use actual getters and setters so
the users of your objects don't need to inflate their code, too:

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// Don't!
class User {
#name;
constructor(name) {
this.#
#name = name;
}
getName() {
return this.#
#name;
}
setName(name) {
this.#
#name = name;
}
}
const user = new User(name);

// Just do
const user = { name };

See how much complexity vanishes just because you handle data as data and
not as class?

Massimo Artizzu • 23 feb

💯
Also, if you really need to set a getter and a setter, you could also use the
newer and leaner syntax get name() and set name(name) .

Unless you need to pass arguments too (which is generally bad IMO, as
long as the method name suggests a simple data read).

Ilya Belous • 23 feb

Wow, what an awesome deep dive into clean JavaScript code! 🚀 This guide
is a goldmine for anyone looking to level up their coding game—whether
you're a newbie or a seasoned dev. I love how you broke it down into
actionable tips like meaningful variable names (goodbye, cryptic d and arr!)
and keeping functions small and focused. That “do one thing” rule is a game-
changer—I’m guilty of writing those monster functions that try to do
everything at once. 😅

The modern JS features section is 🔥—optional chaining and destructuring

are my go-tos for making code cleaner AND more readable. And that tip
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about writing comments for “why” instead of “what”? Spot on. It’s so
tempting to over-comment the obvious stuff instead of explaining the real
intent.

Quick question for the community: How do you all handle naming
conventions in big projects? I’ve been leaning toward camelCase for
consistency, but I’d love to hear your strategies! Also, any favorite tools or
linters you swear by to enforce clean code? (ESLint fans, where you at?)

Thanks for dropping this knowledge—definitely bookmarking it for my next

refactoring session.

Alaa Samy • 23 feb

I'm thrilled to hear that you found the guide helpful 🌟,

When it comes to naming conventions in big projects, consistency is key.

Personally, I stick to camelCase for folder names, hooks, and utility files,
and for components I use PascalCase, It helps keep everything organized
and makes the codebase easier to navigate.

Thanks again for your kind words and for joining the discussion! 🚀

JakeHadley • 23 feb

I really love the ai generated circle of interactions y'all got going on. It's
almost like it's real life. Great ai article as well. Maybe I should do one on
Rust clean code when I know nothing about Rust.

Alaa Samy • 23 feb

Thanks for your comment!

Actually, I wrote this article based on my experience working with

JavaScript and studying clean code principles, even though I did use AI
tools to help organize and format some content (as many writers do
with tools like Grammarly or spell checkers).

Contributing to the developer community is valuable, and the focus

should be on the content quality and usefulness rather than how it was
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created.

I'd genuinely encourage you to write and share your knowledge! and I'd
be happy to discuss any specific points about clean code practices in
JavaScript if you have questions or insights to share.

Ilya Belous • 24 feb

Jake, feel free to keep away from AI and the great tools it offers.... and
get left behind. In that same spirit you MUST turn off your IDE and stick
to notepad, and throw away canva and photoshop and pull out your
trusty paintbrush and canvas.... if we are going to be critical of one tool
available, might as well be critical of all tools.

Peter Vivo • 23 feb • Edited

You are right: Function is the heart of Clean Code.

But let's realize a main difference between the arrow function and the classic
function.
The classic function have hoisting and can be used as class.
Arrow function is much modern, don't use inner this and for a good reason
have a return value.

because in your example:

// Good
function processUserData(user) {
if (validateUser(user)) {
saveUserData(user);
}
}

function saveUserData(user) {
updateUserInDatabase(user)
.then(sendWelcomeEmail)
.then(updateUIWithUserData);
}

All of these functions are inpure because use some outer dependency like
saveUserData(user)

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My advice is we need to make distinct ( at least in mind level ) between the

pure and in pure function.

If we would like to make our function with outer dependency are testable
then better to use dependency injection:

/**
* @type {(
* updateUserInDatabase: (u:User) => void,
* sendWelcomeEmail: (u:User) => void,
* updateUIWithUserData: (u:User) => void,
* ) => ( u:User ) => Promise<void> }
*/
const saveUserDataFactory = (
updateUserInDatabase,
sendWelcomeEmail,
updateUIWithUserData,
) => async (user) =>
updateUserInDatabase(user)
.then(sendWelcomeEmail)
.then(updateUIWithUserData)
;

Alaa Samy • 23 feb

It's a really good approach! Thank you for sharing this 😊

Yangren • 23 feb

Good article, thank you :) I didn't quite understand your example on naming
conventions though. Can you explain why getUserInfo , getClientData and
getCustomerRecord have inconsistent naming and are bad?

Alaa Samy • 23 feb

I am glad you find this article useful 😊.

Let me explain the inconsistency in the naming functions ( getUserInfo ,

getClientData , getCustomerRecord )
These functions use different terms ( Info , Data , Record )
and refer to
essentially similar concepts ( User , Client , Customer ), and this might be

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confusing to someone who reads the code and might not recognize what
these functions are related to.
Also, these naming variations make it hard for developers to remember
and search in the code, and figure out which function to call.

I hope this clarifies things for you, Feel free to ask any further questions

Massimo Artizzu • 23 feb

That's good, but don't explain in the comments: explain in the article.

Gabriel Almeida • 23 feb

I think is because all of them have different names for the same
functionality, get the user data (sorry for any mistakes, English isn't my
native language)

Massimo Artizzu • 23 feb

Author, answer honestly: did you make use of AI to write this article?

Many points are fine (some are quite naive), but they're all under-explained,
and the examples often do no justice to the principles. Hand-crafted
examples don't usually suffer from this problem; AI generated ones usually
do. Also, AI often uses older JS syntax (e.g. getName() instead of get name() ,
instead of ?? - which is a little ironic because it's in the section "Modern
||
JavaScript Features") (also those greet functions are not equivalent: try
passing an empty string, and see how the "bad" one probably does what you
actually want, while the "good" one fails).

And you didn't mention that if you want to write unit tests like those, you
need a library like Mocha/Jest/Vitest/etc. And the fact that those are unit
tests, while you probably also need integration, end-to-end, performance
and accessibility tests too. And more.

If you want to make clear why a principle produce clean code, take
inspiration from ESLint's rule explanations (e.g. how they explain
destructuring). They show a lot of general use cases, options and nuances for
every rule.

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Samuel Rouse • 24 feb

When I have doubts, I use quillbot.com/ai-content-detector to check

articles. It's not a guarantee, but it's pretty good.

Also, it can be helpful to review the Guidelines for AI-assisted Articles on

DEV

Alaa Samy • 23 feb • Edited

Thank you for your feedback!

You're right about the depth of explanation, but this post was intended as a
high-level overview to introduce these concepts, particularly for developers
newer to clean code practices, and each point of these principles need a
follow-up article to cover it in more detail.

And I want to clarify that the principles shared come from my practical
work with JavaScript and studying clean code principles, I did use AI tools
to help in organizing the content (not writing the code), similar to how
writers might use tools like Grammarly or editors to improve clarity.

Regarding the greet function examples, you're right that the 'bad' example
do better that the 'good' one, but these examples were intentionally
simplified to demonstrate the concept of using default parameters over
logical OR for defaults. In a real-world application we would need more
validation for each function.

Riccardo • 23 feb

Nice to see Clean code in the Javascript world. It would be good to

acknowledge the masters of the past.

Hafiz Abdullah • 24 feb

Good information

sentinelae • 24 feb

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"Use Constants for Fixed Values"

This is wrong and stupid, promoting "immutability", even though historically

and officially, constants are for constant values ONLY, that is, actual values
that won't change during the run, and by widely accepted convention,
ALWAYS ALL CAPS.
Dave Herman, the creator of the const keyword in JS, made countless posts
of how stupid people are using const for everything they can, there's talks
about this online.
Clean Code is an empty file full of bullshit propaganda promises made by
juniors trying to teach seniors how to do a shitty job and say it's good.

iBerry Boi • 24 feb

Some "cleaner" ways of doing things are less performant. Where do we draw
the line?

Gabor Gellai • 24 feb

Use functional programming instead.

View full discussion (22 comments)

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Alaa Samy

Front End Developer || Master's student at Alexandria University

LOCATION
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