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Chapter 1 - General Introduction

The document provides an overview of automatic control systems, detailing the course structure, assessment methods, and essential references. It covers the history and evolution of control systems, including examples of open-loop and closed-loop systems, as well as applications in various fields. The document also discusses the design and classification of control systems, emphasizing their significance in modern technology.

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Thanh Thưởng
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6 views32 pages

Chapter 1 - General Introduction

The document provides an overview of automatic control systems, detailing the course structure, assessment methods, and essential references. It covers the history and evolution of control systems, including examples of open-loop and closed-loop systems, as well as applications in various fields. The document also discusses the design and classification of control systems, emphasizing their significance in modern technology.

Uploaded by

Thanh Thưởng
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hệ thống Điều khiển tự động

(Automatic control systems)

General Introduction

Lecturer: TS. Trần Mạnh Sơn


General Information
 Lecturer: Dr. TRAN MANH SON
 Email: [email protected]
 Phone: (84) 0919 1971 39
General Information
 Rules
 Students must attend at least 80%
 Students must complete homework or assignment (if
any)
 Assessment
 1 paper test + 1 assignment (or 2 test) (50%)
 Final exam occupies 50% (with open book)
General Information
 References
 Vietnamese
[1] “Lý thuyết Điều khiển tự động”, Nguyễn Thị Phương Hà,
Huỳnh Thái Hoàng, NXB ĐHQG TPHCM.
[2] “Bài tập Điều khiển tự động”, Nguyễn Thị Phương Hà,
Huỳnh Thái Hoàng, NXB ĐHQG TPHCM.
[3] Matlab & Simulink dành cho kỹ sư điều khiển tự động-Tác
giả: Nguyễn Phùng Quang
 English
[1] “Automatic Control Systems,” B. C. Kuo.
[2] “Modern Control Systems”, Richard C.Dorf, R.H.Bishop
 Software: Matlab
Content
 Chapter 1: General Introduction
 Chapter 2: Mathematical Model of Control
System
 Chapter 3: Stability of Control System
 Chapter 4: Evaluation of the control system’s
performance
 Chapter 5: Design Control System
Introduction
One of the most commonly asked questions by a
novice on a control system is: What is a control
system?
For instance, in the domestic domain, we need to
regulate the temperature and humidity of homes and
buildings for comfortable living.
Introduction
Control engineering is based on the foundations of
feedback theory and linear system analysis, and it
integrates the concepts of network theory and
communication theory.
Control System – An interconnection of
components forming a system configuration that will
provide a desired response.
Component or Process – The device, plant, or
system under control. The input and output
relationship represents the cause-and-effect
relationship of the process.
Introduction

Process to be controlled

Open-Loop Control Systems


utilize a controller or control
actuator to obtain the desired
response.
Introduction

Closed-Loop
Control Systems:
utilizes feedback to
compare the actual
output with the
desired output
response.

Multivariable Control System


History
The first automatic feedback controller used
in an industrial process is generally agreed to
be James Watt’s Flyball governor, developed
in 1769 for controlling the speed of a steam
engine.
History
James Watt’s
History

The first historical feedback system,


claimed by Russia, is the water-level
float regulator said to have been
invented by I. Polzunov in 1765.

The float detects the water level and


controls the valve that covers the
water inlet in the boiler.
History
18th Century James Watt ’ s centrifugal
governor (bộ điều tốc ly tâm) for the speed
control of a steam engine.
1920s Minorsky worked on automatic
controllers for steering ships (hệ thống lái tàu).
History
1930s Nyquist developed a method for analyzing the stability of
controlled systems

1940s Frequency response methods made it possible to design linear


closed-loop control systems

1950s Root-locus method due to Evans was fully developed

1960s State space methods, optimal control, adaptive control

1980s Learning controls are begun to investigated and developed.

Present and on-going research fields. Recent application of modern


control theory includes such non-engineering systems such as
biological, biomedical, economic and socio-economic systems
Basic components of control system
Examples of Control Systems
Examples of Control Systems
Examples of Control Systems
val ve

 Water-level contr +
Gear
assembl y f l oat

Wat er pool
mot or -
M

ampl i f i er Figure
1.1
resistance comparator Actuator Actual
Desired
water level
water level Water
amplifier Motor Gearing Valve
Input Error container
Output
controller Process

Float
Feedback
signal measurement
(Sensor)
Examples of Control Systems
Examples of Control Systems
Examples of Control Systems

The Utah/MIT Dextrous Robotic Hand: A dextrous robotic hand having


18 degrees of freedom. It is controlled by five Motorola 68000
microprocessors and actuated by 36 high-performance
electropneumatic actuators via high-strength polymeric tendons. The
hand has three fingers and a thumb. It uses touch sensors and tendons
for control.
Examples of Control Systems

The ongoing area of research


and development of
unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs) is full of potential for
the application of control
systems.
The Honda P3 humanoid robot.
P3 walks, climbs stairs, and turns
corners.
Examples of Control Systems

A feedback control system model of the national income.


The future evolution of control systems

Future evolution of control systems and robotics.


Control system design
Design example
 Disk Drive Read System

 Goal of the system: Position the reader head in order


to read data stored on a track.
 Variables to control: Position of the reader head
Design example
 Specifications:
i. Speed of disk: 1800 rpm to 7200 rpm
ii. Distance head-disk: Less than 100nm
iii. Position accuracy: 1 µm
iv. Move the head from track ‘a’ to track ‘b’ within 50ms
Application

- Quality control of manufactured product


- Automatic assembly line
- Machine-tool control
- Space technology and weapon systems
- Computer control
- Transportation systems
- Power systems
- Robotics
- And many others
Application
Application
Classification
 Classification based on analysis method and
design
 Linear control system
 Non-linear control system
 Time-varying control system
 Time-invarant control system
 Classification based on signal
 Continuous control system
 Discrete control system
Thanks For Listening

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