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The document defines key database concepts such as data, databases, DBMS, and user roles, alongside their characteristics and actions. It contrasts database systems with traditional file systems and outlines the responsibilities of database administrators and designers. Additionally, it categorizes end users and details the capabilities of DBMS, including redundancy control and data recovery.

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4 views2 pages

Assign 1 Answred

The document defines key database concepts such as data, databases, DBMS, and user roles, alongside their characteristics and actions. It contrasts database systems with traditional file systems and outlines the responsibilities of database administrators and designers. Additionally, it categorizes end users and details the capabilities of DBMS, including redundancy control and data recovery.

Uploaded by

poth783
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Q1: Define the following terms

 Data: Recognized facts with implicit significance that can be documented.


 A database is a structured grouping of connected data.
 Database management systems, or DBMSs, A software system that enables users to define, create,
maintain, and manipulate databases
 Database Catalog: Holds metadata such as database structure and constraint specifications.
 The capacity to alter the database structure without altering the application programs is known as
program-data independence.
 User View: A personalized database view for a particular user or group.
 Database administrators, or DBAs, oversee resource allocation, performance, security, and
database access.
 People who use the database to query, update, or report are known as end users.
 Canned Transaction: Standard, predefined database updates or searches for routine operations.
 Deductive Database System: A system that uses rules established on stored data to infer new
 An object that remains stored beyond program execution is called a persistent object.
 Metadata: Details regarding the organization of data that has been stored.
 A transaction-processing application ensures correctness while enabling several users to edit data
at once.

Q2: Four main types of database actions

1. Defining: Specifying data types, structures, and constraints.


2. Constructing: Storing data in a structured format within the database.
3. Manipulating: Performing operations such as querying, updating, inserting, and deleting data
4. Sharing: Allowing multiple users to access and modify the database concurrently while ensuring
consistency and security.

Q3: Characteristics of the database approach vs. traditional file systems

• Self-describing nature: Unlike conventional file systems, the database includes both data and
metadata.
• Program-data independence: Database management systems (DBMS) permit structural
modifications without changing programs.
• Support for multiple views: Users can view the data from different, personalized angles.
• Data sharing and multiuser transaction processing: Provides accurate concurrent access.
Distinctiveness from conventional file systems:
While DBMS offers organized data management with automatic integrity enforcement,
traditional file systems lack program-data independence and necessitate manual handling of data
relationships.
Q4: Responsibilities of DBA and database designers

 DBA: Controls database access, ensures security, optimizes performance, and manages resources.
 Database Designers: Determine the data structure, ensure efficient storage, and communicate with
users to meet requirements.

Q5: Types of database end users

1. Casual Users: Occasionally retrieve data using query interfaces.


2. Naïve (Parametric) Users: Perform repetitive transactions using predefined queries.
3. Sophisticated Users: Develop applications and advanced queries.
4. Standalone Users: Use personal databases with user-friendly tools.

Q6: DBMS Capabilities

• Controlling redundancy: Avoids inconsistent and redundant data.


• Controls Restricting unauthorized access and permissions to prevent unwanted access.
• Providing persistent storage: Holds program items after they are executed.
• Effective query processing: Makes use of caching and indexing to maximize searches.
• Data recovery in the event of failure is ensured via backup and recovery.
• Multiple user interfaces accommodates a range of interface techniques (APIs, query
languages, and GUIs).
• Enforcing integrity constraints: preserves the integrity and correctness of the data.
• Rules and triggers: Automates processes in response to changes in data.

Q7: Database Systems vs. Information Retrieval (IR) Systems

Database Systems Information Retrieval Systems Feature


Structured Unstructured Data Type
Exact matching Approximate and ranked results Result Accuracy
Fixed Flexible Schema
Rich metadata for structure Minimal metadata Metadata Usage
Structured (SQL) Free-form search Query Model

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