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Sec3 Num

The document provides examples of calculating forward differences for various functions, including second, third, and fourth forward differences. It details the formulas used and specific calculations for functions like f(x) = 2x^2 + 3x + 1 and f(x) = 3x^3 + 2x^2 + x + 4. Additionally, it discusses the forward differences of products and divisions of functions.

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10 views15 pages

Sec3 Num

The document provides examples of calculating forward differences for various functions, including second, third, and fourth forward differences. It details the formulas used and specific calculations for functions like f(x) = 2x^2 + 3x + 1 and f(x) = 3x^3 + 2x^2 + x + 4. Additionally, it discusses the forward differences of products and divisions of functions.

Uploaded by

abdelrahmanelabassy759
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ex1: Second Forward Difference

Given the function f (x) = 2x 2 + 3x + 1 and interval h = 1,


calculate the second forward difference ∆2 f (x).

∆2 f (x) = ah2 (2!)


Ex1: Second Forward Difference

Given the function f (x) = 2x 2 + 3x + 1 and interval h = 1,


calculate the second forward difference ∆2 f (x).

∆2 f (x) = ah2 (2!)


Where:
▶ a = 2 (coefficient of x 2 )
▶ h=1
▶ 2! = 2
Thus:
∆2 f (x) = 2 × 12 × 2 = 4
Ex 2: Third Forward Difference

Given the function f (x) = 3x 3 + 2x 2 + x + 4 and interval h = 0.5,


calculate the third forward difference ∆3 f (x).

∆3 f (x) = ah3 (3!)


Ex 2: Third Forward Difference

Given the function f (x) = 3x 3 + 2x 2 + x + 4 and interval h = 0.5,


calculate the third forward difference ∆3 f (x).

∆3 f (x) = ah3 (3!)


Where:
▶ a = 3 (coefficient of x 3 )
▶ h = 0.5
▶ 3! = 6
Thus:
∆3 f (x) = 3 × (0.5)3 × 6 = 2.25
Ex3: Fourth Forward Difference

Given the function f (x) = 4x 4 + x 3 + 2x 2 + 5 and interval h = 2,


calculate the fourth forward difference ∆4 f (x).

∆4 f (x) = ah4 (4!)


Ex3: Fourth Forward Difference

Given the function f (x) = 4x 4 + x 3 + 2x 2 + 5 and interval h = 2,


calculate the fourth forward difference ∆4 f (x).

∆4 f (x) = ah4 (4!)


Where:
▶ a = 4 (coefficient of x 4 )
▶ h=2
▶ 4! = 24
Thus:
∆4 f (x) = 4 × 24 × 24 = 1536
Ex 4

For the function f (x) = e bx+c , find the second forward difference
∆2 e bx+c .
Ex 4

For the function f (x) = e bx+c , find the second forward difference
∆2 e bx+c . Solution:
   
∆2 e bx+c = ∆ ∆e bx+c = ∆ e b(x+h)+c − e bx+c
 
= (e bh − 1)∆e bx+c = (e bh − 1) e bx+c (e bh − 1)
 2
= e bx+c e bh − 1
Ex 5
For the function f (x) = ax+d , find the third forward difference
∆3 ax+d .
Ex 5
For the function f (x) = ax+d , find the third forward difference
∆3 ax+d .
Solution
We start with the first forward difference:

∆ax+d = ax+h+d − ax+d = ad (ah − 1)ax


Now, calculate the second forward difference:

∆2 ax+d = ∆(ad (ah − 1)ax ) = ad (ah − 1)2 ax


Finally, calculate the third forward difference:

∆3 ax+d = ∆(ad (ah − 1)2 ax ) = ad (ah − 1)3 ax


Thus, the third forward difference is:

∆3 ax+d = ad (ah − 1)3 ax


∆[f (x)g (x)] = f (x + h)∆g (x) + g (x)∆f (x)
= g (x + h)∆f (x) + f (x)∆g (x)

 
f (x) g (x)∆f (x) − f (x)∆g (x)
∆ =
g (x) g (x)g (x + h)
Forward Difference of the Product of Two Functions

f (x) = x 2
g (x) = ln(x)
∆f (x) = f (x + h) − f (x) = (x + h)2 − x 2 = 2xh + h2
∆g (x) = g (x + h) − g (x) = ln(x + h) − ln(x)
Forward Difference of the Product of Two Functions

f (x) = x 2
g (x) = ln(x)
∆f (x) = f (x + h) − f (x) = (x + h)2 − x 2 = 2xh + h2
∆g (x) = g (x + h) − g (x) = ln(x + h) − ln(x)

∆[f (x)g (x)] = f (x + h)∆g (x) + g (x)∆f (x)


= (x + h)2 [ln(x + h) − ln(x)] + ln(x) 2xh + h2

Forward Difference of the Division of Two Functions

f (x) = x + 1
g (x) = x 2
∆f (x) = f (x + h) − f (x) = (x + h + 1) − (x + 1) = h
∆g (x) = g (x + h) − g (x) = (x + h)2 − x 2 = 2xh + h2
Forward Difference of the Division of Two Functions

f (x) = x + 1
g (x) = x 2
∆f (x) = f (x + h) − f (x) = (x + h + 1) − (x + 1) = h
∆g (x) = g (x + h) − g (x) = (x + h)2 − x 2 = 2xh + h2

 
f (x) g (x)∆f (x) − f (x)∆g (x)
∆ =
g (x) g (x)g (x + h)
x · h − (x + 1) · (2xh + h2 )
2
=
x 2 (x + h)2
x h − (x + 1)(2xh + h2 )
2
=
x 2 (x + h)2

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