Development of Radar and Navigation Radar Modules

Development of Radar and Navigation Radar Modules As A Learning Media

Radar Course And Navigation In The Department Of Electrical Engineering,
UNESA

Farid Baskoro,S.T M.T

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Surabaya State University
Jl. Ketintang, Surabaya

Abstract
RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) is a tool used to detect and know the distance of an object.
Radar is one of the important tools in the world of telecommunications, shipping and in the military
world. So that the State University of Surabaya, especially the Department of Electrical Engineering
education set Radar and Navigation as One of the compulsory lecture that must be taken in the field of
communication electronics studies. In this study the author tries to develop teaching module to facilitate
students in studying radar and navigation subjects. Where in the module consists of 7 chapters namely
Radar History, Radar Type, In Flight Radar, Navigation System, Infrastructure Radar, Hadware radar, and
Radar Calibration and Radar Technique. The results of this module are then validated by expert lecturers
and giving a student response questionnaire. Results for module validation by expert media obtained an
average score of 84.06% for student responses in an average score of 83.21%. Based on the above data
can be stated that the module is suitable to be used as one of the reference and can be accepted by the
students.
Keywords: Radar. Radar Type, Teaching Module, Radar Infrastructure

I. Introduction facilities to deliver content or learning materials

Education is one of the most important such as books, movies, videos and others.
needs in human life. According to Smaldino In the course of radar and navigation in the
(2012: 11) learning is a process of developing field of elekktro technical education, Unesa to
new knowledge, skills and behaviors that are facilitate the students in learning the subjects,
individual interactions with information and the then make a research in the form of the
environment development of radar and navigation module.
One source of information that can be The module consists of 7 chapters. Before the
obtained is through teaching modules. With the module is first printed the draft module is
teaching module, learners can easily understand validated by a media expert and distributed
the material content of a lesson. According questionnaires to students whether the students
Arsyad, (2013: 4), teaching module physical feel helped by the existence of the teaching
module.

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II. Basic Theory

2.1 Radar History
The name RADAR or Radio Detection And
Ranging became popular during World War II.
At this time the radar experienced a lot of
development. After the world war after the
development of radar continues to be done so Figure 1. Use of Radar On military aircraft
that radar can be utilized in various aspects
whether it is telecommunications, military, 2.2 Radar In Navigation System
sailing, aviation and others. The use of radar in the aviation world is very
One of the most fenominal discoveries in the useful both for the ATC (Air Traffic Control), as
radar world is the douppler effect through the well as for the pilot itself. Where radar signals
equation: will read objects that are reflected by radar
𝑉 ±𝑉𝑝
fpenerima = * fsumber…………..1 signals (echo). Radar in flight is divided into 2:
𝑉±𝑉𝑠

where : a.Primary Radar: This radar system is a

V = the sound speed of 340 meters / sec passive nature, in which the aircraft is not

Vp = the speed of the listener meter / detik actively engaged in the exposure of RF

Vs = source speed radarsignals.

Fpenerima =frequency received by receiver (Hz) b. Secondary Radar: is an active radar

fsumber = the frequency emitted by the source where the aircraft play an active role if it

(Hz.) receives RF radar emission. This happens

The invention of the douppler effect is because in radar peswat in complete

widely used today such as Radar Gun. Radar transponder that serves to have a

Gun is a tool used to detect the speed of a conversation in the form of pulses through

vehicle. This tool is widely used by the police the antenna on land.

to crack down on motorists who exceed Interogrator.In the navigation system we must

the existing traffic speed limi In the world understand the working principles of the system

of radar ships can be used as a navigation tool VOR (Very high Omnidirectional Range), DME

to facilitate the captain in determining the route (Distance Measuring Equipment) and ILS

of fast and efficient shipping, in addition radar (Instrument Landing System). The three systems

can also be used as a tool to detect fish through are used by pilots during flight and landing

fish founder.

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 Development of Radar and Navigation Radar Modules

process

Figure 2. VOR

Figure 4. ILS system in plane.

VOR is an operating facility working on VHF
frequencies at a frequency range of 108-118 ILS is an instrument used to assist in the
MHz with a reference signal difference of 30 Hz. landing process due to its limited
Where the transmit distance is limited to 200 capabilities. In landing the aircraft requires
NM (nautical mile). 3 supporting conditions: landing angle
185NM (Glide Angle), Center Line of Runway and
touch point of landing. In ILS there is an
altimeter that can be used to determine the
10NM height of the aircraft while in the air

70NM
2.3 Infrastructure Radar.
ADC Since Radar is an important tool in the world
APP
of navigation, military, astronomy and
Sub Control

Figure 3. The division of the aircraft setting area.

communications, the construction of radar
infrastructure is a matter of concern. In radar

With the VOR on the aircraft and the infrastructure things to watch out for in

information guide from the airport then the development are Tower, Voltage, Lightning

plane will know the position of the plane with Protection

the flight runway, so it can make a perfect a.Tower

landing. Tower is a place used to install a radar. In

some places the towers are built high to
cover large areas and for the electromagnetic
waves of radar to be transmitted directly. for

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high places are usually tower in pairs of

randome that serves to protect the radar .
from lightning

b.VoltageGenerator
A stable power supply is necessary in the
operation of a radar. Because in the operation of
the radar system should not die and must work
full 24 hours. If there is a blackout of electricity
supply from PLN then the existing voltage
generator must be able to supply the electricity
needs radar system.
C. Communications and networking. Figure 6 Back-up power supply.
A permanent communication and network
system between the radar system and the
operating center is needed to create system
reliability. Fiber optic, satellite, microwave data
lines, copper cables is one option in
communicating.

Figure 7. Communication tools that support the radar

system ..

2.4 Hardware Radar

In general a radar contains transmitters
that produce microwave signals. This signal is

Figure 5. Various examples of tower and random

sent to free space via antenna transmitter. If

Infrastructure exposed to an object this signal will be

connected to the radar (echo). A receiver will

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 Development of Radar and Navigation Radar Modules

detect and process the signal received by the (private) arranged in the contract work.
radar through the processor signal radar and then
on if and the results can be displayed in the form
of graphics and images. This process can be seen
in Figure 8.

Figure 8. Common block diagram of weather radar.

To generate power gain on a radar usually use a

Klytron tube or a magnetron tube. Where this
tube can produce large power outputs up to 10
KW with small power input.

2.5 Radar Maintenance and Calibration Figure 9: Klystron change process

Techniques
III RESEARCH METHOD
Maintenance and calibration of the radar
The research that will be carried out is
system is one of the important aspects in
research based on the development of teaching
operating radar network in order to remain
module of Telecommunication Teaching course.
efficient and the availability of data that has high
The research method that will be used is kind of
quality. Maintenance and calibration can be
method of research and development of R & D.
done by the institution / organization of users of
states that research and development, is a
radar system or can be done by outsiders
research method used to develop or validate the
products used in education and learning. Further,
according to Seels & Richey in (Mursid, 2013:
30) explains that development research is a
systematic study of designing, evaluating
development, teaching programs, processes and

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 Jurnal INAJEEE. Volume 01 Nomor 01 Tahun 2018, 0 - 37

products that must meet internal consistency angket dan di validasi oleh dosen ahli. Teknik
criteria and effectiveness. analisis data untuk mengukur validitas variabel
This research development of teaching module yang berupa instrumen angket atau lembar
is done in Electrical Engineering Department of validasi pada instrumen penelitian ini adalah
State University of Surabaya and the time of dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk
research implementation in Odd Semester of membaca hasil rating scale pada hasil angket
academic year 2016-2017. The research tersebut. Penilaian rating scale tersebut
population of the development of this teaching menggunakan skala Likert.
module is a student of Electrical Engineering Table 1. Category Validation Value,
Education S1 2014 at the Department of Effectiveness, and Response to Teaching
Module
Electrical Engineering, State University of Penilaian Penilaian Kategori skor
Penilaian
Kulitatif Kualitatif
Surabaya. The sample of this research is the Kualitatif
Efektifitas Media Respon
Validator
students of electrical engineering education at Mahasiswa
Sangat valid Sangat Efektif Sangat baik 76% - 100%
the Department of Electrical Engineering, Valid Efektif Baik 51% - 75%
Kurang valid Kurang Efektif Kurang Baik 26% - 50%
Universitas Negeri Surabaya in the academic Tidak valid Tidak Efektif Tidak baik 0% - 25%
year 2016-2017
Based on the Validation Results by media
experts, module validation results can be
obtained from several aspects with details: 1)
The teaching module material gets an average of
85%; 2) The presentation of the teaching module
gets an average of 87.5%; 3) Language and

Figure 10. Block diagram of research and readability got an average of 82.5%. ; 4) The

development steps general display gets an average of 81.25

So the overall result of module validation

Gambar diatas merupakan prosedur atau according to the media expert seen from the four

langkah yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian aspects above are: 336.25% / 4 = 84.06%

yang dimodifikasi dari metode research and Thus the module designed for the course of

development. Radar and Navigation is valid is valid according

IV. PENGUJIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN to the media expert with the result of the rating

Berdasarkan pada metode dan instrumen of 84.06%, so that the learning module

penelitian, teknik pengumpulan data yang developed by the researcher can be used as a

digunakan oleh peneliti adalah dengan learning module at Universitas Negeri Surabaya.
Based on the results of the student response
menggunakan penggunaan kuisioner atau

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 Development of Radar and Navigation Radar Modules

questionnaire can be seen the acquisition of 5.2Suggestions

module validation results seen from several Based on the research stage that has been done
aspects with details: 1) Cover got an average of then the suggestions that can be given are as
83.3%; 2) illustration gets an average of 83.75%; follows:
3) Language gets an average of 82.5%. ; 4) the 1. This research is only researching the
contents got an average of 83.3% feasibility of developing teaching module, so
So the overall result of questionnaire module that the making of radar props to support student
according to student response seen from four lectures have not been made.
aspect above is: 332.85% / 4 = 83.21%. Thus the 2. The development of media trainers in the
module designed for the course of Radar and form of radar can be developed with the help of
Navigation is believed to be very valid ultra sonic sensors, arduino uno so that students
according to the media expert with the result of can study the real rational working principle,
the rating of 83.21%, so that the learning module which can be developed in subsequent research.
developed by the researcher can be accepted by
the students of electrical engineering education REFERENSI
that follow the radar and navigation courses.
[1] Training Material on Weather Radar
V.Conclusion System” oleh Dr. R.P Cantherford
This research produces the product in the form
[2] Radar Level Measurement” oleh Peter
of teaching module which can be used as one of
Devin.
reverensi in radar learning process and
navigation. Instrument researchers used as a
learning medium is a teaching module, module
validation sheet teaching and student response
questionnaire.
Based on the data of research results and
discussion it can be set up as follows:
1. Based on the validation result of the
development of the radar and navigation module
by the validator, this module is categorized well
and feasible to use with the average of 84,06%.
2. Assessment of student response to the
development of radar and navigation module
received a positive response with an average
value of 83.21% and categorized well

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