[EM Underline the most suitable words. Sometimes both options are possible. 1 He's a concert pianist and he can / manages to play all Beethoven’s sonatas. 2. When I lived in a small town I was able to / could walk almost everywhere, but now I ei aAanw ° la b 2a 7a b 8a b live in the capital city I need a car. They worked all night and couild / managed to finish the report just in time. The protestors didn't manage to / couldn't persuade the president to change the law. Next year she can / will be able to join the club, but she’s not old enough yet. In my country it can / is able to get very cold in the winter. T was nearly late as the bus didn’t come, but luckily I could / managed to get a taxi. T hope that I will be able to / will manage to do some sightseeing when I’m in New York next week on business, but I’ve got a busy schedule. She didn’t get good enough grades to go to her first choice of university but she could / ‘was able to get a place at another one. He might be British. He must be British. / Our teacher can't be off sick. Our teacher may not be off sick. It can be cold in Delhi in December. It must be cold in Delhi in December. John can’t have been working late last night. John might have been working late last night. He can’t be a millionaire. He must be a millionaire. I may come to the lecture this afternoon. I must come to the lecture this afternoon. The exam may have been very difficult. The exam must have been very difficult. John couldn’t know how to get here. John might not know how to get here. 4a Tick (/) the sentence, a or b, which best matches the sentence on the right. He has a British passport. T just saw him in the corridor talking to a student. T advise you to take some warm clothes just in case. He wasn’t home when I called at seven. He has shares in the most successful company of all time. It depends if I finish my essay before then. Not many people passed it. We will have to give him directions.EP Replace the underlined phrases with a suitable past modal phrase. The mummy of Djedmaatesankh, a young woman from the ninth century BC, lies behind a glass display in the Royal Ontario Museum. 2,800 years ago she lived in Thebes with her husband on the east bank of the river Nile. They were well-off, although as a double-income couple without children 1 it-isJikely they wore rather unusual. Djedmaatesankh was a musician at the great Temple of Amun-Re at nearby Karnak, where her husband was a temple doorkeeper. 2 It is possible that their jobs atthe temple provided the couple with a small wage and other benefits to supplement their main Income from a piece of fertile Nile fand on which 3 it is possible that they grew crops of barley, sesamé, or dates. We can only guess at what Djedmaatesankh's life would have been like, and try to imagine what her problems were. 4 It is possible she was anxious about her inability to have children and certainly, as she approached her thirties, 5 itis highly likely that she worried about her health. Looking upon a face from so long ago, a face not unlike that of any other young woman in Egypt was Impossible for her to imagine, . today, ties us more personally to history. In a way that 6 Djedmaatesankh has achieved a degree of fame in our 21st century, appearing in dozens of (Read the following essay. Find seven places where you can add may, can or can’t to soften the verbs. ‘Children can be adversely affected by the influence of television.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer. ‘most every family has a television these doys. and mary children watch a whole ronge of programmes every day. Some people beleve that television is, harmful to children, saying ‘that itinuences behaviour in a negative way. There are a lot of programmes on television that are not educational and that contain Violence end bad language. However wertching violence on television encourages violent bbeheniour in childnen. This is true in cases of chidren who have creacl exhibited violent ‘tendencies, but it isn’t true of all children, otherwise we would have an epidemic of child crime. It fs cso argued that bad language on television encourages the sare in chileren. Nevertheless, overall I believe that restricting children's felevision viewing to mainly educational programmes shown at atime of day when there is no violence or bad language wil overcome any risks of television being a bad influence. 142C Grammar exercises [EM Underline the correct words. Sometimes both options are possible. 1 In my office you have to / don't have to wear a suit but lots of people do. 2 These pills must not / don't have to be taken if you are under twelve years old. 3 I must / have to leave now because I have a meeting. 4 I didn’: need to go / needn't have gone to the station to pick her up because she decided to get the bus, so I finished my essay instead. Notice to all conference participants: Please note that you must / have got to register before entering the conference hall. You mustn't / don't have to smoke inside but you can smoke outside. 7 When I was at university I must / had to write my assignments by hand because there weren’t any computers then. 8 British dog-owners have to / must have passports for their dogs when they travel abroad. Next year Il have to / ll must get a job to pay back all the money I've borrowed from the bank for my university fees. 10 The interview went really well so I didn’t need to worry / needn't have worried about it so much beforehand. ow a 2 ) Fil in the gaps below with the correct form of (not) have to, must, (not) need or should. 1 A: Pm going to Florence next week so I ..|_ have B; Ah, well, you're in luck. You guide to Florence I can lend you. 2 A: What’s Mike doing these days? B: He’s studying really hard. He .. cue Pass his exams in order to get the promotion his company have promised him. 3A: . (you) wear a uniform at work? B: Yes, and I find it rather strange because I've never worn one before. When I was at school we ..... ... Wear a uniform although the girls skirts and not trousers. 4 A: The rules for university fees have just changed. I was really lucky because I .. pay for my education, but unfortunately my brother .. pay when he goes to university next year. B: Yes, I know. My sister will be affected too. ... to buy a guidebook. buy a book because I've got a small . wear 175A: The bread’s in the oven. Can you remind me to get it out in 20 minutes? J _.. forget like last time when I burnt the loaf. B: I'm sorry. P'm afraid I . Can't you set a timer? _.. (you/really) go? Pd hoped you'd stay to lunch and have some of .. G0 now, $0 I won't be able to remind you. 6 A: Pve just joined the tennis club. They've got all sorts of rules, you know. B; Really? Like what? A: Well, you ... wear white clothes on the courts, of course. But the really silly rule is that you ... .. turn your mobile off as soon as you arrive at the club. I don’t want to do that - what if I'm needed at work or something? B: Perhaps they don’t know you're a doctor. You .. _... tell them. [Read the extract from an Academic Writing Task 2. Decide if the underlined phrases are correct or not. Tick (7) them if they are right and correct them if they are wrong. Pollution is causing enormous problems ail over the word these days Governments 1 need to act qpiickty to stop this problem before it is too late. The first thing T believe we 2 csolutely should do is reduce the omount we use our cars, Our governments 3 must fo encourage us to use public trensport In my country, public transport is not very reliable, so the finst thing that governments 4 have to do is to ensure that buses and trains are a vidble alternative fo the con They 5 iso should neckice the costs to the public of traveling on pubic ‘transport Howeven itis not only the government that 6 needs to make on effont: Al of us 7 shouid make some effort to neduce polation. First of all we 8 ought iry fo walk or cyole if we can. rather than using our cars. In the past people 9 must wail on cycle because they did not have cars. It is a shame that we have become so dependent on cars now. Secondy, we 10 should trying to share can use with our friends and coleagues. Alofus 11 wil must make some changes to our lives if we want to reckice pollution. Fortunately, we 12 musin’t make big changes to make big improvenents in the situation 18[E® Fill in the gaps with the correct form of (not) have to, ought to or must(n’t) and the verbs in Teacher: Student: Student: ‘Teacher: Student: Do you think it’s a good thing for young people to travel to different countries before settling down to a job? Yes, I think it’s a really exciting and interesting thing to do. Well, you 2 3 (consider) lots of things first. For example, you (have) enough money in the first place, so you ... (work) a bit first to save some money. Then another important thing to consider is who to go with. You 5 .. rT) with a friend, but it is probably safer and less lonely if you do. Also, you 6 ... (learn) a bit about the countries before you go. It's a good idea to research cultural issues, so that you don’t offend people by your behaviour. If you go to Nepal, for example, you 7 (shout) or raise your voice in public, and you 8 ., _ (always/walk) around a Buddhist temple in a clockwise direction. You 9 (find out) these things before you go. What things 10... (you/arrange) before you travel? ‘Well, to visit some countries you 11 swe (have) a visa, 80 you 12. um (organise) that before you go.