Teach Computer Science

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The Teach Computer Science Team

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 Teach Computer Science
A-Level

Introduction to
Databases

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 1.

Revision notes

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Introduction
A database is an organised collection of data, which allows users to
obtain and process information according to their requirements.
Databases are better storage techniques compared to file systems.
The data is only stored once and, hence, data duplication is avoided.
The data is consistent as the changes need to be made only once.
These changes are then reflected for all the users using the database.

Applications of databases
A database allows the user to store information and analyse it using
query languages. Searching the data is also easier because of a
database. Social networking websites use databases to store data
about their users. Photos and videos uploaded by these users are also
stored with security. An online shopping website uses a database to
store data about its products, customers and orders. The marketing
and sales team also use this database to analyse the sales pattern and
to come up with various measures to improve sales.

Security systems
Social networking websites

Trade management

Applications
of database

Aviation management

Industrial management

Figure 1: Applications of a database

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Software for databases
Some examples of software for creating and managing databases are:
Microsoft Access, My SQL, Oracle, IBM Db2 and PostgreSQL.
Programming languages such as Python, JavaScript, Microsoft Visual
Basic and Delphi are used to customise and interact with databases.
Query languages such as SQL are used to customise and retrieve
information from the database.

Structured vs. unstructured data

Information that is not structured in a predefined format is called
unstructured data. Data in a notepad is an example of unstructured
data.
Information that is stored in a predefined format, that is, in a
structure, is called structured data. Databases help us to store data in
a structured manner.

Mobile phone
Name Address
number
978315139
24, Front
1
Trevor 9783151391 street,
Lancaster
12, Pimlico
Frederic
820134982 8201349821 Rd,
k
1 Belgravia

Unstructured data Structured data

Figure 2: Structured vs. unstructured

data

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 2.

Activities

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Activity-1
Duration: 20 minutes

1. An online airline ticket-booking websites process the customer’s

request, shows available flight details with price and prompts the
user to select one of them, books the tickets and sends a copy of
the ticket to customer’s email address.
A. Identify the entities in the above scenario.

A. What relationship exists between these entities? Draw flowcharts

to explain your answer.

teachcomputerscience.com
Activity-1
Duration: 20 minutes

1. An online airline ticket-booking websites process the customer’s

request, shows available flight details with price and prompts the
user to select one of them, books the tickets and sends a copy of
the ticket to the customer’s email address.
A. Identify the entities in the above scenario.

Flight
Passenger
Ticket

A. What relationship exists between these entities? Draw flowcharts

to explain your answer.

Flight Passenger

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Flashcards
Why is a database a
better storage Data duplication is avoided
technique in databases. Data is also
consistent in databases.
compared to file
systems?

List a few Social networking websites,

online shopping websites,
applications of industrial management,
databases. security systems, etc.

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Glossary

Attribute A characteristic of an entity.

Composite primary Primary key that consists of more than one

key attribute.

An organised collection of data which allows

Database users to obtain and process information
according to their requirements.

An object in a system for which the

Entity
information is stored.

Field A column of a table.

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Quiz
1. What is the primary function of a database?
A. To store backup
B. To analyse data
C. To store and organise information

2. Which of the following is TRUE about flat-file databases?

A. A flat-file database has only one table.
B. A flat-file database has many tables that are not related to
each other.
C. A flat-file database has many tables connected to each other
with a relation.

3. Which of the following is a programming language that

customises and interacts with a database?
A. Microsoft Access
B. Microsoft Visual Basic
C. Structured Query Language
D. None of the above

4. Which of the following is a software that is used to create and

manage database?
A. My SQL
B. Oracle
C. Microsoft Access
D. All of the above

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 Teach Computer Science

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 Teach Computer Science

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