Sheet two

1. To forward-bias a diode, to which region must the positive terminal of

a voltage source be connected?
2. Explain why a series resistor is necessary when a diode is forward-
biased.
3. Explain how to generate the forward-bias portion of the characteristic
curve.
4. What would cause the barrier potential of a silicon diode to decrease
from 0.7 V to 0.6 V?
5. Determine whether each silicon diode in Figure 1 is forward-biased
or reverse-biased.
6. Determine the voltage across each diode in Figure 1, assuming the
practical model.
7. Determine the voltage across each diode in Figure 1, assuming an
ideal diode.
8. Determine the voltage across each diode in Figure 1, using the

complete diode model with

Figure 1

1
9. Draw the output voltage waveform for each circuit in Figure 2 and
include the voltage values.
10. What is the peak inverse voltage across each diode in Figure
2?
11. Calculate the average value of a half-wave rectified voltage with
a peak value of 200 V.
12. 12. What is the peak forward current through each diode in
Figure 2?
13. 13. A power-supply transformer has a turns ratio of 5:1. What is
the secondary voltage if the primary is connected to a 120 V rms
source?

Figure 2
14. Determine the peak and average power delivered to RL in
Figure 3.

Figure 3
15. Find the average value of each voltage in Figure 4.
2
 Figure 4
16. Consider the circuit in Figure 5.
(a) What type of circuit is this?
(b) What is the total peak secondary voltage?
(c) Find the peak voltage across each half of the secondary.
(d) Sketch the voltage waveform across RL.
(e) What is the peak current through each diode?
(f) What is the PIV for each diode?

Figure 5
17. Calculate the peak voltage across each half of a center-tapped
transformer used in a full-wave rectifier that has an average output
voltage of 120 V.

3
18. Show how to connect the diodes in a center-tapped rectifier in
order to produce a negative-going full-wave voltage across the load
resistor.
19. What PIV rating is required for the diodes in a bridge rectifier
that produces an average output voltage of 50 V?
20. The rms output voltage of a bridge rectifier is 20 V. What is the
peak inverse voltage across the diodes?
21. Draw the output voltage waveform for the bridge rectifier in
Figure 6. Notice that all the diodes are reversed from circuits shown
earlier in the chapter.

Figure 6
22. A certain rectifier filter produces a dc output voltage of 75 V
with a peak-to-peak ripple voltage of 0.5 V. Calculate the ripple
factor.
23. A certain full-wave rectifier has a peak output voltage of 30 V.
A 50 F capacitor-input filter is connected to the rectifier. Calculate the
peak-to-peak ripple and the dc output voltage developed across a
load resistance.
24. What is the percentage of ripple for the rectifier filter in
Problem 23?

4
25. What value of filter capacitor is required to produce a 1% ripple
factor for a full-wave rectifiehaving a load resistance of Assume the
rectifier produces a peak output of 18 V.
26. A full-wave rectifier produces an 80 V peak rectified voltage
from a 60 Hz ac source. If a filter capacitor is used, determine the
ripple factor for a load resistance of
27. Determine the peak-to-peak ripple and dc output voltages in
Figure 7. The transformer has a 36 V rms secondary voltage rating,
and the line voltage has a frequency of 60 Hz.

Figure 7
28. Refer to Figure 7 and draw the following voltage waveforms in
relationship to the input waveforms: VAB, VAD, and VCD. A double
letter subscript indicates a voltage from one point to another.
29. If the no-load output voltage of a regulator is 15.5 V and the full-
load output is 14.9 V, what is the percent load regulation?
30. Assume a regulator has a percent load regulation of 0.5%.
What is the output voltage at full load if the unloaded output is 12.0
V?
31. Determine the output waveform for the circuit of Figure 8.

5
 Figure 8
32. Determine the output voltage for the circuit in Figure 9(a) for
each input voltage in (b), (c), and (d).

Figure 9
33. Determine the output voltage waveform for each circuit in
Figure 10.

Figure 10
34. Determine the RL voltage waveform for each circuit in Figure
2–11.

6
 Figure 11
35. Draw the output voltage waveform for each circuit in Figure 12.

Figure 12
36. Determine the peak forward current through each diode in
Figure 12.
37. Determine the peak forward current through each diode in
Figure 13.

Figure 13

7
38. Determine the output voltage waveform for each circuit in
Figure 13.
39. Describe the output waveform of each circuit in Figure14.
Assume the RC time constant is much greater than the period of the
input.

Figure 14
40. Repeat Problem 39 with the diodes turned around.
41. A certain voltage doubler has 20 V rms on its input. What is the
output voltage? Draw the circuit, indicating the output terminals and
PIV rating for the diode.
42. Repeat Problem 41 for a voltage tripler and quadrupler.