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PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Linear Equation in two variables: 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 where a, b, c are real numbers and 𝑎2 +

𝑏2 ≠ 0. Eg (i) √3 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5 (iii) 3𝑥 = 5 ⇒ 3𝑥 + 0𝑦 = 5

(𝑖𝑖)5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10
Note: A Linear Equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions and geometrically
represented as a straight line.

H.W: Write solutions of 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1

Pair of Linear Equations or Simultaneous Equations:

Two linear equations with the same variables taken together and have common solutions are
known as simultaneous linear equations or a pair of linear equations.
The standard form of a pair of linear equations are:

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0

𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0

𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ; 𝑏1 , 𝑏2 ; 𝑐1 , 𝑐2 ; are real numbers and 𝑎1 2 + 𝑏1 2 ≠ 0, 𝑎2 2 + 𝑏2 2 ≠ 0

Both the linear equations represent straight lines in a Co-ordinate plane whose solution is
intersection point of these lines. The possibilities are as follows:

Solving of Pair of Linear equations in Two Variables:

1. Geometric method or Graphical method:

There are three possibilities when we draw the graph of pair of linear equations in two
variables. They are:
 Intersecting lines
 Parallel lines
 Coincident lines

Note: Teachers use the Desmos graphical calculator to explain this part and connect to
consistency of equations. Inform the students to complete the Math lab activity on this
concept.
(i) the lines may intersect in a single point. In this case, the pair of equations has a unique
solution (consistent pair of equations).

(ii) the lines may be parallel. In this case, the equations have no solution (inconsistent pair of
equations).

(iii) the lines may be coincident. In this case, the equations have infinitely many

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solutions [dependent (consistent) pair of equations].

Consider the following three pairs of equations.

(i) x – 2y = 0 and 3x + 4y – 20 = 0 (The lines intersect)

(ii) 2x + 3y – 9 = 0 and 4x + 6y – 18 = 0 (The lines coincide)

(iii) x + 2y – 4 = 0 and 2x + 4y – 12 = 0 (The lines are parallel)

From the above table we observe that if the lines represented by the equations

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0

𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0
𝑎1 𝑏
(i) interesting, then ≠ 𝑏1
𝑎2 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐
(ii) Coincident, then 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐1
2 2 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
(iii) Parallel, then 𝑎 = 𝑏 ≠ 𝑐
2 2 2

Discuss examples.

Explain Exercise 3.1 Q.Nos 2, 3 and 4

Algebraic method of solving pair of linear equations in two variables:

Algebraic Method

Substitution Elimination Cross

Multiplication(deleted)

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i): SUBSTITUTION METHOD:

Steps
Select any one equation out of the given equations and make subject with any one variable
in terms of the other variable.

Substitute these values in the second equation and solve it.

1. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 ; 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4

HW 2. 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 = 0 ; 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12
ii). ELIMINATION METHOD
Either multiply one equation or both the equations by a non-zero constant to make the
coefficient of one variable equal.

Add / subtract two equations to eliminate one variable.

Solve the equation to get the value of one variable and substitute this value in any one of the
equations to get the value of other variable.

Type – I General Method:

Q. 1. 3𝑥 − 7𝑦 = 10 ; 𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 3
𝑥 𝑦 5𝑥 4
Q. 2. +4=4 ; −8 =4
3 6
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
HW Q. 3. +5 =1 ; − 6 = 15 ; Ex3.3 Q1 (v) and (vi)
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Type-II. Equation of the form 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 = 𝒄 ; 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒂𝒚 = 𝒄𝟐
Steps : add and subtract the given equations to get two new equations. Solve by elimination
method.
Q. 1. 99𝑥 + 101𝑦 = 499 ; 101𝑥 + 99𝑦 = 501
Q. 2. 152𝑥 − 378𝑦 = −74 ; −378𝑥 + 152𝑦 = −604
Hw Q. 3. 148𝑥 + 231𝑦 = 527 ; 231𝑥 + 148𝑦 = 610 ,
4. 21𝑥 + 47𝑦 = 110 ; 47𝑥 + 21𝑦 = 162
Type III: equations reducible to pair of linear equations in two variables.
1 1
When variables are in the denominators consider 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠 new variables. Solve the
𝑦
equations in the new variables using elimination method. Re substitute to find x and y.
2 5 1 3 6 1
1. +𝑦 =4 ; +𝑦=3
𝑥 𝑥
2 3 1 1
2. + =4 ; + =5
√𝑥 √𝑦 √𝑥 √𝑦
3 5 4 6
3. − =2 ; + =5
𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑥+1 𝑦−2

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5 1 6 3
H.W: 1. + 𝑦−2 = 2 ; − =1
𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑦−2

Type – IV: Variable co-efficient of 𝒙, 𝒚

Q. 1. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 ; 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 − 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 0
2𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
Q. 2. + =2 ; − =4
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏

Finding missing coefficients:

𝑄1.For what value of 𝒌 the following equations have infinitely many soln’s.

𝑘𝑥 + 3𝑦 − (𝑘 − 3) = 0 ; 12𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 − 𝑘 = 0
Solution:

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛𝑠.

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

𝑘 3 −(𝑘 − 3)
= =
12 𝑘 −𝑘
𝑘 2 = 36 𝑘 2 − 3𝑘 = 3𝑘
K= 0 or 6 ---------(ii)

𝑘 = 6 𝑜𝑟 − 6 ------(i) hence k= 6

Hw Q.For what value of 𝒌 the following equations have infinitely many soln’s.

𝑥 + (𝑘 + 1)𝑦 = 5 ; (𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + 9𝑦 − (8𝑘 − 1) = 0

hw 1. What value of 𝑘, 4𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4 ; 16𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = 4 has infinite solutions.

2. For which value(s) of λ , do the pair of linear equations

λx + y = λ2 and x + λy = 1 have
(i) no solution?
(ii) infinitely many solutions?
(iii) a unique solution?

3. For which value(s) of k will the pair of equations kx + 3y = k – 3 , 12x + ky = k have no

solution?

Word problems:

Digit related problems:

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Tens Units 2-digit

number
𝑥 𝑦 10𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 − 𝑥
𝑦 𝑥 10𝑦 + 𝑥

Note: If the difference of digits is given then there are two cases:

by default, 𝑥 − 𝑦 is considered but when it gives a fractional answer shift it to 𝑦 − 𝑥.

1.The sum of the digits of a two-digit no is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the number
obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number.
HW. Eg:13

Hw. In a two digit number if tens-digit is three times the unit’s digit. When the number is
decreased by 54, digits are reversed, find the number.

Problems based on fractions:

2. A fraction becomes 9/11 if 2 is added to each of numerator and denominator; if 3 is
added to each of numerator and denominator the fraction becomes 5/6. find the fraction.
3. If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction reduces to
1. It becomes 1 2 if we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the fraction?

Age related sums:

4. Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old
as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu?
5. Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years ago,
Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?

Geometry and Mensuration:

6. . The area of rectangle reduced by 9cm2. If length is reduced by 5cm and breadth is
increased by 3cm; if length is increased by 3cm and breadth by 2cm then the area
increased by 67cm2. Find the dimensions of rectangle.

MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS:

7. Ratio of income of 2 persons 9: 7 and the ratio of their expenditure is 4: 3. If each save
Rs.2000 per month. Find their incomes.

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8. Yash scored 40 marks in a test. Getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1 mark for a
wrong answer. If 4 marks are added for each correct answer and 2 marks deducted for wrong
answer. Yash would score 50. Find number of questions.

9. The students of a class are made to stand in complete rows. If 3 students are of a class are less
in a row, there would be 2 rows more. Find the total number of students.

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