City Montessori School-GN2

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

1. What is meant by periodic classification? Discuss main features of long form of periodic
table.
2. What is the basic difference in approach between the Mendeleev’s periodic law and the
Modern periodic law?
3. Why do different periods of the periodic table have different number of elements?
4. What is periodicity? Discuss its cause.
5. Describe the main characteristic properties of s, p, d and f-block elements.
6. What are representative elements? Give their general configuration.
7. What property did Mendeleev use to classify elements in the periodic table?
8. Give general configuration of:
(i) transition elements (ii) inner transition elements
9. The elements Z = 117 and 120 have not yet been discovered. In which family/group would
you place these elements and also give the electronic configuration in each case.
10. On the basis of quantum numbers, justify that the sixth period of the periodic table should
have 32 elements.
11. Predict the period and block to which each of the following elements belongs:
(i) 12A (ii) 19B (iii) 30C (iv) 37D
12. Write the name and deduce the atomic number of the following atoms:
(i) The third alkali metal (ii) The fourth noble gas
(iii) The third halogen and (iv) The second transition element.
13. An element belongs to third period of p-block elements. It has 4 electrons in its outer most
shell. Predict its group. How many unpaired electrons does it have?
14. Give the atomic number and electronic configuration of the element of 4th period which has
maximum number of unpaired electrons.
15. In terms of period and group where would you locate the element with z = 14?
16. (i) Which family of elements has general configuration ns2np3?
(ii) 20Ca and 30Zn have same number of electrons in the valance shell. Their valance shell is
also same. But they belong to different groups. Justify.
17. Lanthanoids and actinoids are place in separate rows at the bottom of the periodic table.
Explain the reason for this arrangement.
18. Elements with Z = 107 and Z = 109 have been isolated but the one with Z = 108 has not
been isolated. Indicate the groups in which they will find place in the periodic table.
19. What do you understand by the term atomic size? Is it possible to know absolute radius of
an atom? Justify.
20. Define the term ionic radius. Justify that the radius of anion is larger than the parent atom.
21. Explain why cations are smaller and anions larger in radii than their parent atoms?
22. Arrange the following in order on increasing radii:
(i) I-, I, I+ (ii) N, O, P (iii) F, Cl, Br
+ 2+
23. A student reported the radii of Cu, Cu , and Cu as 96 pm, 122 pm and 72 pm respectively.
Do you agree with the reported values? Justify the answer.
24. How do atomic radii vary in a period and in a group? How do you explain the variation?
25. What are iso-electronic ions? Give examples.
26. Name two cations and two anions which are iso-electronic with Ar. Arrange them in
increasing order of size.
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27. What do you understand by iso-electronic species? Name a species that will be iso-
electronic with each of the following atoms or ions.
(i) F- (ii) Ar (iii) Mg2+ (iv) Rb+
28. Arrange the following ions in the order of increasing size:
Be2+, Cl–, S2–, Na+, Mg2+, Br–.
29. Which of the following species will have the largest and the smallest size?
Mg, Mg2+, Al, Al3+.
30. What is meant by the term ionization enthalpy? What are its units?
31. Explain the term successive ionization enthalpies.
32. Why second ionization enthalpy is always higher than first ionization enthalpy?
33. What are the various factors due to which the ionization enthalpy of the main group
elements tends to decrease down a group?
34. Why IE1 of (i) 7N is greater than 8O (ii) 13Al is less than 12Mg.
35. Why does the first ionization enthalpy increase as we go from left to right across a given
period of the periodic table?
36. The first ionization enthalpy  i H  values of the third period elements, Na, Mg and Si are
respectively 496, 737 and 786 kJ mol-1, predict whether the first  i H value for Al will be
more close to 575 or 760 kJ mol-1? Justify your answer.
37. Na and Mg+ ion have same number of electrons but removal of electron from Mg+ requires
more of energy. Explain.
38. What is electron gain enthalpy? On what factors does it depend?
39. What is the significance of the terms– ‘isolated gaseous atom and ‘ground state’ while
defining the ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy?
40. Give the general variation of electron gain enthalpies in the periodic table.
41. Account for following:
(i)  eg H 2 is positive (ii) Electron gain enthalpy of F is less negative than that of Cl.
42. Which of the following pairs of elements would have a more negative electron gain
enthalpy?
(i) O or F (ii) F or Cl
43. Would you expect the second electron gain enthalpy of O as positive, more negative or less
negative than the first? Justify your answer.
44. A, B, C are three elements with atomic number, Z-1, Z, Z+1 respectively. B is an inert gas.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Predict the group of A and C
(ii) Which out of the three has positive electron gain enthalpy and why?
(iii) Which of the three has least value of ionization enthalpy?
45. Predict the group, period and block of the elements with atomic number 9, 21, 26, 36.
Which of them has positive electron gain enthalpy?
46. The electron configurations of some element are given as:
(a) [Ne] 3s2 3p3 (b) [Ne] 3s2 3p4
(c) [Ne] 3s2 3p5 (d) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
(i) Which element will be most metallic?
(ii) Which element will have most negative electron gain enthalpy?
(iii) Which element belongs to d-block?
(iv) Which element belongs to group VIIA?
(v) Out of a, b and c which will have least ionization enthalpy?

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47. Account for the following:
(i) Be has slightly higher value of ionization enthalpy than that of boron (B).
(ii) The ionization enthalpy of Na + is more than that of Ne although they have same
configuration.
(iii) Electron gain enthalpy of Cl is more negative than that of F.
48. Describe the theory associated with the radius of an atom as it
(a) gains an electron
(b) loses an electron
49. Give the formula of a species that will be iso-electronic with the following atoms or ions:
(i) Ne (ii) Cl- (iii) Ca2+ (iv) Rb+.
50. In each of the following pairs which one would have a larger size? Example.
(i) K or K+ (ii) Br or Br- (iii) O2- or F-
(iv) Li+ or N+ (v) P or As (vi) Na+ or Mg2+
51. Among the elements Li, K, Ca, S, Kr which one has the lowest first ionization enthalpy and
which has highest first ionization enthalpy?
52. Among the elements of second period Li to Ne pick out the element
(i) with the highest ionization enthalpy
(ii) with highest negative electron gain enthalpy
(iii) with largest covalent radius
(iv) that is most reactive non-metal
(v) that is most reactive metal
53. Considering the atomic number and position in the periodic table, arrange the following
elements in the increasing order of metallic character: Si, Be, Mg, Na, P.
54. Would you expect the first ionization enthalpies for two isotopes of the same element to be
the same or different? Justify your answer.
55. In a period of the elements in the periodic table, generally the size of the atom decreases
with the increase in atomic number but at the end of each period in the noble gases, the
atomic size increases abruptly. Explain.
56. The first  i H 1  and the second  i H 2  ionization enthalpies (in kJ mol-1) and the electron
gain enthalpy (in kJ mol-1) of a few elements are a given blow:
Which of the above element is likely to be:
Elements  i H1 iH2  eg H
I 520 7300 -60
II 419 3051 -48
III 1681 3374 -328
IV 1008 1846 -295
V 2372 5251 +48
VI 738 1451 -40
(i) the least reactive element
(ii) the most reactive metal
(iii) the most reactive non-metal
(iv) the least reactive non-metal
(v) the metal which can form a stable binary halide of the formulae MX2 (X = halogen)
(v) the metal which can form a stable covalent halide of the formula MX (X = halogen).
57. Assign reasons for the following:
(i) Mg2+ ion is smaller than O2- ion although both have the same electronic configuration.
(ii) Ionization enthalpy of lithium is less than that of helium.
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58. Discuss the variation of electropositive character in a group and in a period.
59. Explain the terms ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy.
60. Among the elements of the third period pick out the element
(i) with highest negative electron gain enthalpy
(ii) with highest positive electron gain enthalpy
(iii) with highest ionization enthalpy
(iv) that is the most reactive metal (v) that is the most reactive non-metal.
61. Use the periodic table to answer the following questions?
(i) Identify an element with five electrons in the outer subshell.
(ii) Identify an element that would tend to lose two electrons.
(iii) Identify an element that would tend to gain two electrons.
62. The first and the second ionization enthalpies (kJ mol-1) of three elements I, II and III are
given below:
Element  i H1 iH2
I 403 2640
II 549 1060
II 1142 2080
Identify the element which is likely to be
(i) a non- metal (ii) an alkali metal (iii) an alkaline earth metal.
63. Using the periodic table, predict the formulas of compounds which might be formed by the
following pairs of elements; (a) silicon and bromine (b) aluminium and sulphur.
64. Consider the element N, P, O and S and arrange them in the order of increasing
(i) First ionization enthalpy
(ii) Negative electron gain enthalpy (iii) Non-metallic character
65. What is the group number, period and block of the element with atomic number 40?
66. Explain why the first ionization enthalpy of carbon is more than that of boron but the
reverse is true for the second ionization enthalpy.
67. Arrange the following ions in order of their increasing radii:
Li+, Mg2+, K+, Al3+
68. Arrange the following as stated:
(i) N3-, Na+, F–, O2-, Mg2+ …….Increasing ionic size
(ii) H, F, Cl …….Increasing electronegativity
(iii) H, He, Li …….Increasing ionization energy.
69. The ionic size of Cl is greater than that of K+ though the two ions are isoelectronic. Give
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reason.
70. Arrange the following in the increasing order of their size.
F-, Li+, Na+, Cl-
71. The first ionization enthalpy of N is more as compared to those of C and O.
72. Out of Al+ and Mg+ which has higher ionization enthalpy?
Or
Out of Al and Mg which has higher second ionization enthalpy?
73. Arrange C, N, O and F in the decreasing order of their second ionization enthalpies and
explain briefly.
74. Why electron gain enthalpies of noble gases are positive. Explain.

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Periodic Table -VINAY MISRA Sir
Based on Mosley Law