PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT

LESSON 4
By the end of the lesson, students would be able to:

identify the different patterns of development

identify the signal words and important details in each pattern of development
recognize the transitions that signal each pattern of development
identify the main idea and pattern of development of texts
analyze the features of each pattern of development
 LET'S WARM UP

What's on your mind?

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Share and connect your thoughts about the given topic to form a flow map or a circle map.
Also, try to respond to one of your classmates' posts by leaving a remark.
LET'S LEARN
The logical arrangement of ideas is known as the
pattern of development. The pattern helps you
follow ideas easily and understand a text better.
Having the ability to recognize it will help you
distinguish major details from minor ones and
predict ideas.

There are different patterns by which ideas are

developed. In determining the pattern of
development of ideas in a text, note the signal
words used.
DEFINITION
Using definition to develop an idea to
clarify and explain concepts by answering
the question "What does it mean?" This
pattern explains the information through the
use of illustrations, examples, and
descriptions. It may include one or more
different patterns.

Signal words:

is defined refers to to define

is defined as means to illustrate
EXEMPLIFICATION
An exemplification pattern presents the main
idea in a general statement and then provides
specific and concrete examples to expound on it.
Simply put, this pattern is used to provide an
example of something.
Signal words:
after all for instance namely
as an example in other words put another way
consider the following in particular specifically
for example in short stated differently
that is to clarify to be specific
DESCRIPTION (SENSORY
AND SPATIAL)
A descriptive pattern basically provides
details on the idea by using either a sensory or
spatial pattern. Through a sensory pattern,
ideas are arranged based on one or all of the
five senses. A spatial pattern, on the other
hand, arranges ideas by location or physical
space.
Signal Words for Spatial Pattern or Visual Description

above around between in front of onto

across away from beyond inside opposite to
adjacent to back of by into outside
against behind down near throughout
along below further off to the right
alongside beneath here on over
amidst beside in on top of under
CHRONOLOGY/PROCEDURE
A chronological pattern organizes ideas or
events according to time. It can either be in the
form of a narration or a process organizes
details based on stages or steps. The most
essential parts of this pattern are the main idea,
major dates and events such as the final
outcome, major steps/stages, and of course, the
order of presentation. To better comprehend a
texts that follows a chronological or procedural
pattern, a chain of events or a cycle can be used.
 The following signal words also help you identifying this pattern.

Signal Words for Chronology

about before in the meantime prior to tomorrow

after during later second until
afterwards eventually meanwhile soon when
as soon as finally next then yesterday
at first next week till
at this/ that point immediately prsently today
LISTING
A listing pattern organizes ideas using
enumeration. Unlike a chronological
pattern, listing does not have the
element of time. It basically presents a
series of items ( facts, examples,
features, reasons, and tips) that
support a main idea. Make sure to pay
attention to these essential aspects
when writing down your notes.
The following signal words will also help you identifying such a pattern.

Signal Words for Listing

additionally and then further likewise

again another furthermore moreover
along with as well as in addition next
also besides in the same way together with
and equally important
COMPARISON - CONTRAST
A comparison -and -contrast pattern organizes
ideas based on how events, places, people, things,
and concepts are similar to a different from one
another. There are two ways on how ideas can be
arranged: separately, which involves describing
one item first followed by the second item; or
side-by-side, which means discussing both items
based on each point of comparison. The following
sample texts compares and contrasts two items
side-by-side.
 Signal Words for Comparison

also equally in the same way similarly

as in similar fashion like to compare
both in comparison likewise
 Signal Words for Contrasting

instead otherwise
although despite
however still
and yet even so
nevertheless the fact remains
as opposed to even though
nonetheless unlike
but in contrast
on the contrary whereas
conversely in spite of
on the other hand yet
counter to in thye meantime
Classification and Division
A classification pattern organizes ideas into
categories or divisions based on criteria and
standards. This pattern can be used when
classifying people objects, things, places, and
other items. Make sure to always double
check whether each term is undeniably part
of a certain category. Avoid oversimplifying
just so you may be able to assign something
to a category, as it may result in stereotyping.
 Signal Words for Classification and Division

another classified as one kind the last group

another kind final type the first category the next part
CAUSE AND EFFECT
A cause and effect pattern organizes details
based on the cause, the reason, and the result or
consequences of a certain phenomena. This
pattern may discuss the causes only, the effects
only, or both.

To better comprehend a text that follows a cause-

and-effect pattern, a fishbone map can be used.
Other graphic organizers that can be used are as
follows:
 Single Cause, Multiple Effects

Effect

Cause Effect

Effect
 Single Effect, Multiple Causes

Cause

Effect Cause

Cause
 Multiple Causes, Multiple Effects

Cause Effect

Cause Effect

Cause Effect
Alternating Causes, Effects in the Chain
( Domino Effects )

Cause
Effect
Cause
Effect
Signal Words for Causes

as
because (of the fact)
being that
due to ( the fact that)
 Signal Words for Causes

as for in view of owing to (the fact)

because for the reason that ( the fact ) seeing that
(of the fact) in that inasmuch as since
being that one reason
due to ( the fact that)
 Signal Words for Effects

accordingly consequently in consequence so that

as a consequence for this reason so therefore
as a result (of this) hence so much (so) that thus
because (of this)
PROBLEM-SOLUTION
A problem solution pattern organizes ideas
into problems and proposed solutions. The
problem section usually includes that what, who,
when, where, why, and how of the problem. The
solution section then presents the major effects
of the problem, the possible solutions to
address it, and the steps in implementing the
solutions.
 Signal Words for Problem Solution

but nonetheless one solution is the problem

first, second one reason for the one way is the solution
PERSUASION
A persuasion pattern organizes ideas
to show how a set of evidence leads to
a logical conclusion or argument.
Specifically, this pattern presents the
issue, the position, and the supporting
evidence that supports the position.
 Signal Words for Emphasizing a Point

again in that case to emphasize truly

for this reason indeed to repeat with this in mind
in fact
 Signal Words for Conceding a Point

admittedly in is true that obviously true

assuredly needless to say of course undoubtedly
certainly no doubt to be sure unquestionably
granted
 Signal Words for Concluding and Summarizing

accordingly consequently in brief inevitably

all in all due to in conclusion on the whole
as a result finally in short since
as I have said in any event in summary in essence

in a nutshell
therefore
thus
to sum up
 QUIZ TIME!

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