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Tkinter Calculator Explanation

This document explains a Python Tkinter calculator application, detailing the code structure and functionality. It covers the importation of modules, the setup of the main window, the creation of an input field, the definition of a result function for evaluating expressions, and the design of buttons for user interaction. Finally, it describes how the main event loop keeps the application responsive to user inputs.

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13 views3 pages

Tkinter Calculator Explanation

This document explains a Python Tkinter calculator application, detailing the code structure and functionality. It covers the importation of modules, the setup of the main window, the creation of an input field, the definition of a result function for evaluating expressions, and the design of buttons for user interaction. Finally, it describes how the main event loop keeps the application responsive to user inputs.

Uploaded by

nijavardhancseace
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Explanation of Tkinter Calculator Code

This document provides a line-by-line explanation of the Python code for a simple
calculator application using the tkinter library. Tkinter is a standard GUI (Graphical User
Interface) toolkit in Python.

Importing Modules
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *

- **`import tkinter as tk`**: Imports the `tkinter` module and allows you to reference it with
the alias `tk`.
- **`from tkinter import *`**: Imports all classes, functions, and constants from `tkinter` into
the current namespace. This means you can directly use widgets like `Button`, `Entry`, etc.,
without prefixing them with `tk.`.

Defining Attributes of the Main Window


root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("170x230")
root.title("Calculator")
root.maxsize(170,230)
root.minsize(170,230)

- **`root = tk.Tk()`**: Creates the main application window (the root window).
- **`root.geometry('170x230')`**: Sets the size of the window to 170x230 pixels.
- **`root.title('Calculator')`**: Sets the title of the window to 'Calculator'.
- **`root.maxsize(170,230)`**: Sets the maximum size of the window to 170x230 pixels, so
the window can't be resized beyond these dimensions.
- **`root.minsize(170,230)`**: Sets the minimum size of the window to 170x230 pixels, so
the window can't be resized to a smaller size.

Entry Widget to Show Calculations


inp = Entry(root, width=16, borderwidth=3, relief=RIDGE)
inp.grid(pady=10, row=0, sticky="w", padx=15)

- **`inp = Entry(root, width=16, borderwidth=3, relief=RIDGE)`**: Creates an input field


(`Entry` widget) where users can enter the numbers and operations. - `width=16` specifies
the width of the entry.
- `borderwidth=3` gives the entry a border width of 3 pixels.
- `relief=RIDGE` gives the border a ridged look.
- **`inp.grid(pady=10, row=0, sticky='w', padx=15)`**: Places the `Entry` widget on the grid
at row 0. - `pady=10` adds padding along the Y-axis.
- `sticky='w'` aligns the widget to the west (left) side of the grid cell.
- `padx=15` adds padding along the X-axis.

Defining the Result Function


def result():
try:
if inp.get() == "":
inp.insert("end", "error")
elif inp.get()[0] == "0":
inp.delete(0, "end")
inp.insert("end", "error")
else:
res = inp.get()
res = eval(res)
inp.insert("end", " = ")
inp.insert("end", res)
except SyntaxError:
inp.insert("end", "invalid input")

- **`def result():`**: Defines a function called `result` that handles the evaluation of the
input.
- **`if inp.get() == '':`**: Checks if the input is empty.
- **`inp.insert('end', 'error')`**: If the input is empty, it inserts the word 'error' into the
`Entry` widget.
- **`elif inp.get()[0] == '0':`**: Checks if the first character of the input is '0'.
- **`inp.delete(0, 'end')`**: Deletes the entire content of the input if the first character is '0'.
- **`inp.insert('end', 'error')`**: Inserts the word 'error' after deleting the content.
- **`else:`**: If the input is not empty and doesn't start with '0':
- **`res = inp.get()`**: Gets the content of the `Entry` widget.
- **`res = eval(res)`**: Evaluates the expression in the `Entry` widget using Python's `eval`
function.
- **`inp.insert('end', ' = ')`**: Inserts the string ' = ' into the `Entry` widget.
- **`inp.insert('end', res)`**: Inserts the result of the evaluation into the `Entry` widget.
- **`except SyntaxError:`**: Catches any `SyntaxError` that occurs during the evaluation.
- **`inp.insert('end', 'invalid input')`**: Inserts the string 'invalid input' if there is a syntax
error.

Button Design Code


The next section of the code defines the buttons used in the calculator and places them on
the grid.
clear = Button(root, text="C", width=2, command=lambda: inp.delete(0, "end"), bg="red",
fg="white", relief=RIDGE)
clear.grid(row=0, sticky="w", padx=125)

- **`clear = Button(root, text='C', width=2, command=lambda: inp.delete(0, 'end'), bg='red',


fg='white', relief=RIDGE)`**: Creates a 'C' button to clear the input field.
- `text='C'` sets the button text to 'C'.
- `command=lambda: inp.delete(0, 'end')` sets the command to clear the input field when
the button is pressed.
- `bg='red'` sets the button background color to red.
- `fg='white'` sets the text color to white.
- `relief=RIDGE` gives the button a ridged border.
- **`clear.grid(row=0, sticky='w', padx=125)`**: Places the 'C' button on the grid at row 0.

The other buttons follow a similar pattern. Each button is associated with a lambda function
to insert the corresponding digit or operator into the `Entry` widget when pressed.

Mainloop to Run the Application


root.mainloop()

- **`root.mainloop()`**: Starts the Tkinter event loop, which waits for user interactions (like
button clicks) and keeps the application window open.

Summary
- **Entry Widget**: Provides an input field for the calculator.
- **Buttons**: Handle input operations and insert corresponding characters into the `Entry`
widget.
- **Result Function**: Evaluates the expression entered in the `Entry` widget and displays
the result.
- **Mainloop**: Keeps the application running and responsive.

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