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Lesson 6- Stoichiometry-calculating Concentration of Solutions

This document covers the concepts of solution concentration and stoichiometry, detailing how to calculate concentrations and perform stoichiometric calculations involving solutions. It includes preparation methods for solutions, laboratory techniques such as gravimetric analysis and titration, and provides sample problems for practical application. The document emphasizes the importance of knowing solute concentrations for controlling chemical reactions and provides examples for calculating molarity and percent composition.

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4 views

Lesson 6- Stoichiometry-calculating Concentration of Solutions

This document covers the concepts of solution concentration and stoichiometry, detailing how to calculate concentrations and perform stoichiometric calculations involving solutions. It includes preparation methods for solutions, laboratory techniques such as gravimetric analysis and titration, and provides sample problems for practical application. The document emphasizes the importance of knowing solute concentrations for controlling chemical reactions and provides examples for calculating molarity and percent composition.

Uploaded by

coroneljewels
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In this lesson, you are

expected to:
1. Calculate the different
concentrations of solutions

2. Perform stoichiometric
solutions
CONCENTRATION
Anyone who has made instant coffee or
lemonade knows that too much powder
gives a strong flavored, highly
concentrated drink. Whereas too little
results in a dilute solution that may be
hard to distinguish from water.
CONCENTRATION
In chemistry, the concentration of a solution is
the quantity of a solute that is contained in a
particular quantity of solvent or solution.
Knowing the concentration of solutes is
important in controlling the stoichiometry of
reactants for solution reactions.
Stoichiometry Involving Solutions:
In chemistry, the concentration of a solution is
the quantity of a solute that is contained in a
particular quantity of solvent or solution.
Knowing the concentration of solutes is
important in controlling the stoichiometry of
reactants for solution reactions.
Flowchart for Stoichiometric Calculations
PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS:
1. The solute is accurately weighed and transferred to a
volumetric flask using a funnel.
2. A small amount of distilled is added to the flask, which is
then swirled to dissolve the solid.
3. After all the solid has dissolved, more water is added
slowly to bring to the level of solution exactly to the
volume mark.
4. Calculate the molarity of the solution.
Calculation from Concentration of
Solution:
1. Check the chemical equation to make sure it is
balanced as written; balance if necessary.
2. From the balanced chemical equation, use a
mole ratio to calculate the number of moles and
mass/volume that can be obtained from the
reaction.
Calculating VOLUME from Concentration of
Solution:
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
❑ What volume (in L) of 0.500 M sodium sulfate will
react with 275 mL of 0.250 M Barium chloride to
completely precipitate all 𝐁𝐚𝟐+ in the solution?
SAMPLE PROBLEM: What volume (in L) of 0.500 M
sodium sulfate will react with 275 mL of 0.250 M
Barium chloride to completely precipitate all 𝐁𝐚𝟐+
in the solution?
Given: Note that 1 molar (M) is equal to 1 mole per liter (mol/L).
▪ 275 mL of BaCl2 Find:
0.250 mol BaCl2
▪ 0.250 M BaCl2 = ▪ Volume of
1 L BaCl2 solution
Na2SO4
▪ 0.500 M Na2SO4 = 0.500 M Na2SO4
1 L Na2SO4 solution
SAMPLE PROBLEM: What volume (in L) of 0.500 M
sodium sulfate will react with 275 mL of 0.250 M
Barium chloride to completely precipitate all 𝐁𝐚𝟐+
in the solution?

Na2SO4 +Show
BaCl
balanced ⟶ BaSO
2 chemical 4+ 3 NaCl
equation…

Find: Volume of Na2SO4


275 mL BaCl2 x 1L x 0.250 mol BaCl2 x 1 mol Na2SO4 x 1 L Na2SO4
solution 1000 mL 1 L BaCl2 1 mol BaCl2 0. 500 mol

= 0.138 L Na2SO4
DETERMINING CONCENTRATION
OF SOLUTIONS
Preparation of Solutions:
To study stoichiometry you must know how much of
the reactants are present in a solution and how to
control the amounts of reactants to be used to come
up with a desired reaction in aqueous solution.
Laboratory Techniques in Quantitative
Analysis for Solution :

GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS AND TITRATION.


These techniques or laboratory procedures are
important tools of quantitative analysis which is the
determination of amount or concentration of a
substance in a sample.
Laboratory Techniques in Quantitative
Analysis for Solution :
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS.
❑ is an analytical technique based on the
measurement of mass. One type o gravimetric
analysis experiment involves the isolation,
formation and mass determination of a
precipitate.
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
Laboratory Techniques in Quantitative
Analysis for Solution :
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS.
❑ In general, this procedure is usually applied to
ionic compounds.
❑ A reaction that is often studied in gravimetric
analysis, because the reactants can be obtained
in pure form.
LET’S TRY…
A 0.5662 g sample of an ionic compound
containing chloride ions and unknown metal is
dissolved in water and treated with an excess of
AgNO3. If 1.0882 g of AgCl precipitate form,
what is the percent by mass of Cl in the original
compound?
A 0.5662 g sample of an ionic compound containing chloride ions
and unknown metal is dissolved in water and treated with an excess
of AgNO3. If 1.0882 g of AgCl precipitate form, what is the percent by
mass of Cl in the original compound?

1. Calculate molar mass of Cl and AgCl

g/mol of Cl x 100
% of Cl =
g/mol of AgCl
35 g/mol AgCl x 100 = 24.48
% of Cl =
143 g/mol AgCl
2. Calculate the mass of Cl in 1.0882 g of AgCl. To do this,
you convert 24.72 percent to 0.2472 and write mass of Cl

Cl = 0.2472 x 1.0882 g = 0. 2690


• percent by mass of Cl in the compound is
0.2690 g x 100
Cl = = 47.51 %
0.5662 g
Laboratory Techniques in Quantitative
Analysis for Solution :
ACID BASE TITRATIONS:
Quantitative studies regarding acid- base
neutralization reactions are most conveniently
varied out using a technique known as titration.
❑ In this process, you can measure the acidity or basicity of a
solution by comparing with a standard acid or base
solution.
Laboratory Techniques in Quantitative
Analysis for Solution :
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
In a titration experiment, a student finds that
23.48mL of NaOH solution are needed to neutralize
0.5468 g of KHP.What is the concentration (in
molarity ) of the NaOH solution?
In a titration experiment, a student finds that
23.48mL of NaOH solution are needed to neutralize
0.5468 g of KHP. What is the concentration in
molarity of the NaOH solution?
• First, calculate the number of moles of KHP consumed in
the titration:
Moles of x 1 mole KHP
0.5468 g KHP
KHP = 204.2 g KHP
= 2.678 X 10 -3 mole of KHP
In a titration experiment, a student finds that
23.48mL of NaOH solution are needed to neutralize
0.5468 g of KHP. What is the concentration in
molarity of the NaOH solution?
• Finally, calculate the number of moles of NaOH in 1 L of the
solution or the molarity:
M of NaOH 2. 678 X 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 mol NaOH x 1000 mL sol’n
soln = 23.48 mL sol’n 1 L sol’n
= 0.1141 M
ASSIGNMENT:
❑ How many grams of glucose , C6H12O6 would you
need to prepare 2.0 l of 2 % glucose solution?

❑ What is the concentration (in molarity) of a NaOH


solution if 25.0 mL of the solution are needed to
neutralize 17.4 ml of a 0.312 M HCl solution?

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