CREDIBLE INSTITUTE OF LEARNING

AC-WORKSHEET
Class 12 - Physics

1. An ideal inductor is connected across an AC source of voltage. The current in the circuit

a) lags voltage in phase by π. b) lags voltage in phase by .

π

c) is ahead of voltage in phase by π

2
. d) is ahead of the voltage in phase by π.
2. A series LCR circuit with R = 20 Ω , L = 1.5 H and C = 35 μF is connected to a variable-frequency 200 V ac supply.
When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit, average power transferred to the circuit in
one complete cycle is

a) 2800 W b) 2000 W

c) 1000 W d) 1800 W
3. With increase in frequency of an A.C. supply, the impedance of a series L-C-R circuit

a) remains constant b) decreases at first, becomes minimum and

then increases

c) increases d) decreases
4. The frequency of an alternating voltage is 50 cycles/sec and its amplitude is 120 V. Then its rms value will be:

a) 84.8 V b) 42.4 V

c) 75.5 V d) 56.5 V
5. A 220 volt input is supplied to a transformer. The output circuit draws a current of 2.0 ampere at 440 volts. If the
efficiency of the transformer is 80 %, the current drawn by the primary windings of the transformer is:

a) 2.5 ampere b) 5.0 ampere

c) 2.8 ampere d) 3.6 ampere

6. In an LCR-series a.c. circuit, the voltage across each of the components. L, C and R is 50 V. The voltage across the LC-
combination will be:

a) zero b) 100 V
–
c) 50√2 V d) 50 V
7. In an a.c. circuit, the voltage applied is E = E0 sin ωt. The resulting current in the circuit is I = I0 sin (ωt - π

2
). The power

consumption in the circuit will be

E0 I0
a) b) P = 0
2

E0 I0 –
c) P = d) P = √2 E0 I0
√2

8. An ac voltage v = v0 sin ωt is applied to a series combination of a resistor R and an element X. The instantaneous current

in the circuit is I = I0 sin (ωt + . Then which of the following is correct?

π
)
4

a) b)

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 –
X is an inductor and XL = √2R X is an inductor and XL = R
–
c) X is a capacitor and XC = √2 R d) X is a capacitor and XC = R

9. The best material for the core of a transformer is:

a) soft iron b) mild steel

c) hard steel d) stainless steel

10. A step up transformer operates on a 230 volt line and a load current of 2 ampere. The ratio of the primary and secondary
windings is 1 : 25. The current in the primary is:

a) 15 amp b) 25 amp

c) 12.5 amp d) 50 amp

11. A circuit is connected to an ac source of variable frequency. As the frequency of the source is increased, the current first
increases and then decreases. Which of the following combinations of elements is likely to comprise the circuit?

a) L and R b) L, C and R

c) L and C d) R and C
12. Reactance of a 3 H inductor at a frequency of 80.0 Hz is

a) 1508 Ω b) 1480 Ω

c) 1500 Ω d) 1490 Ω
13. The reactance of a capacitance at 50 Hz is 5 Ω . If the frequency is increased to 100 Hz, the new reactance is

a) 10 Ω b) 2.5 Ω

c) 125 Ω d) 5 Ω
14. An inductor of reactance 1Ω and a resistor of 2Ω are connected in series to the terminals of a 6 V (rms) a.c. source. The
power dissipated in the circuit is

a) 18 W b) 8 W

c) 14.4 W d) 12 W
15. Quantity that remains unchanged in a transformer is

a) voltage b) Ampere

c) frequency d) current
16. In the AC circuit, the current is expressed as I = 100 sin 200πt . In this circuit the current rises from zero to peak value in
time:

a) 1

300
s b) 1

100
s

c) 1

400
s d) 1

200
s

17. A 15 Ω resistor, an 80 mH inductor and a capacitor of capacitance C are connected in series with a 50 Hz ac source. If
the source voltage and current in the circuit are in phase, then the value of capacitance is

a) 100 μ F b) 127 μ F

c) 160 μ F d) 142 μ F

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18. In a series LCR circuit, the capacitance is changed from C to . For the resonant frequency to remain unchanged, the
C

inductance should be changed from L to nL, where n is:

a) 2 b) 1

c) 4 d) 1

19. The voltage across a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor connected in series to an ac source are 20 V, 15 V and 30 V
respectively. The resultant voltage in the circuit is

a) 5 V b) 25 V

c) 20 V d) 65 V
20. In a series RLC circuit R = 300 Ω , L = 60 mH, C = 0.50 μF applied voltage V = 50 V and ω = 10,000 rad/s. Inductive
reactance X , capacitive reactance X and impedance Z are
L C

a) 600 Ω , 200 Ω and 500Ω b) 450 Ω , 200 Ω and 450 Ω

c) 550 Ω , 300 Ω and 100 Ω d) 500 Ω , 250 Ω and 500 Ω

21. A coil has a resistance of 48.0 Ω . At a frequency of 80.0 Hz, the voltage across the coil leads the current in it by 53 . ∘

Inductance of the coil is

a) 0.114 H b) 0.84 H

c) 0.94 H d) 0.124 H
22. The peak voltage of 220 V ac mains is

a) 155.6 V b) 440 V

c) 220.0 V d) 311 V
23. Inductance of an inductor whose reactance is 120 Ω at 80.0 Hz is

a) 0.239 H b) 0.209 H

c) 0.199 H d) 0.219 H
24. The core of a transformer is laminated to reduce the effect of

a) flux leakage b) hysteresis loss

c) eddy current d) copper loss

25. In an electrical circuit, the components R, L, C and an ac voltage source are all connected in series. When L is removed
from the circuit, the phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is π

3
. If instead, C is removed
from the circuit, the phase difference is again . The power factor of the circuit is:
π

a) √3
b) 1

2
2

c) 1 d) 1

√2

26. In an ac circuit, voltage V and current i are given by

V = 100 sin 100 t volt
i = 100 sin (100t + π

3
) mA
The power dissipated in the circuit is

a) 5 W b) 10 W

c) 2.5 W d) 104W

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27. The phase difference between the current and the voltage in series LCR circuit at resonance is

a) b)
π
π
2

c) d) zero
π

28. A step down transformer is used on a 1000 V line to deliver 20 A at 120 V at the secondary coil. If the efficiency of the
transformer is 80%, the current drawn from the line is

a) 3 A b) 30 A

c) 2.4 A d) 0.3 A
29. Which quantity is increased in a step-down transformer?

a) Current b) Power

c) Frequency d) Voltage
30. A capacitor of capacity C has reactance X. If capacitance and frequency are doubled, the reactance would be:

a) 4X b) 2X

c) X

2
d) X

31. A capacitor C, a variable resistor R and a bulb B are connected in series to the AC mains in the circuit as shown. The
bulb glows with some brightness. How will the glow of the bulb change if
i. a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of the capacitor keeping resistance R to be the same
ii. the resistance R is increased keeping the same capacitance?

32. Calculate the value of the additional capacitor which may be joined suitably to the capacitor C that would make the
power factor of the circuit unity.

33. A light bulb is rated at 100W for a 220 V supply. Find

a. the resistance of the bulb;
b. the peak voltage of the source; and
c. the rms current through the bulb.
34. Sketch a graph showing the variation of impedance of LCR circuit with the frequency of applied voltage.
35. A potential of E = 50 sin(200πt +
π

4
) is applied across a resistor of 10Ω resistance.
Find
i. rms value of potential
ii. frequency of a.c.
iii. initial phase
iv. rms value of current

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36. An alternating voltage of 220 V is applied across a device X. A current of 0.22 A flows in the circuit and it lags behind
the applied voltage in phase by radian. When the same voltage is applied across another device Y, the current in the
π

circuit remains the same and it is in phase with the applied voltage.
i. Name the devices X and Y and,
ii. Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when the same voltage is applied across the series combination of X and
Y.
37. An ac voltage V = V0 sin ωt is applied across a pure inductor of inductance L. Find an expression for the current i,
flowing in the circuit and show mathematically that the current flowing through it lags behind the applied voltage by a
phase angle of . Also draw graphs of V and i versus ωt for the circuit.
π

38. An alternating voltage of frequency f is applied across a series LCR circuit. Let fr be the resonance frequency for the
circuit. Will the current in the circuit lag, lead or remain in phase with the applied voltage when (i) f > fr, (ii) f < fr?

Explain your answer in each case.

39. A capacitor of unknown capacitance, a resistor of 100 Ω and an inductor of self-inductance L = ( 4

2
) henry are
π

connected in series to an ac source of 200 V and 50 Hz. Calculate the value of the capacitance and impedance of the
circuit when the current is in phase with the voltage. Calculate the power dissipated in the circuit.
40. The figure shows two sinusoidal curves representing oscillating supply voltage and current in an ac circuit.

Draw a phasor diagram to represent the current and supply voltage appropriately as phasors. State the phase difference
between the two quantities.
41. A 15.0 μF capacitor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz source. Find the capacitive reactance and the current (rms and peak)
in the circuit. If the frequency is doubled, what happens to the capacitive reactance and the current?
42. A series RL circuit with R = 10 Ω and L = ( mH is connected to an ac source of voltage V = 141 sin(100πt),
100
)
π

where V is in volts and t is in seconds. Calculate

a. impedence of the circuit
b. phase angle, and
c. voltage drop across the inductor
43. A 100Ω resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply.
a. What is the rms value of current in the circuit?
b. What is the net power consumed over a full cycle?
44. A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observations for dc and ac connections. What happens in
each case if the capacitance of the capacitor is reduced?
45. An alternating current I = 14 sin (100 πt) A passes through a series combination of a resistor of 30 Ω and an inductor of
–
(
2

5π
) H. Taking √2 = 1.4, calculate the

i. rms value of the voltage drops across the resistor and the inductor, and
ii. power factor of the circuit.
46. A device X is connected to an ac source V = V0 sin ωt. The variation of voltage, current, and power in one complete

cycle is shown in the following figure.

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 i. Which curve shows power consumption over a full cycle?
ii. Identify the device X'.

47. The figure shows the graphical variation of the reactance of a capacitor with frequency of ac source.

a. Find the capacitance of the capacitor.

b. An ideal inductor has the same reactance at 100 Hz frequency as the capacitor has at the same frequency. Find the
value of inductance of the inductor.
c. Draw the graph showing the variation of the reactance of this inductor with frequency.
–
48. If the voltage in a.c. circuit is represented by the equation, V = 220√2 sin(314 t − ϕ)

Calculate:
a. peak and rms value of the voltage
b. average voltage,
c. frequency of a.c.
49. i. What is the principle of the transformer?
ii. Explain how laminating the core a transformer helps to reduce eddy current losses in it?
iii. Why the primary and secondary coils of a transformer are preferably wound on the same core?
50. i. When an AC source is connected to an ideal inductor show that the average power supplied by the source over a
complete cycle is zero.
ii. A lamp is connected in series with an inductor and an AC source. What happens to the brightness of the lamp when
the key is plugged in and an iron rod is inserted inside the inductor? Explain.

51. i. The graphs (a) and (b) represent the variation of the opposition offered by the circuit element to the flow of
alternating current with frequency of the applied emf. Identify the circuit element corresponding to each graph.

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 a.

b.

ii. Write the expression for the impedance offered by the series combination of the above two elements connected across
the AC sources. Which will be ahead in phase in this circuit, voltage or current?
52. Figures (a), (b) and (c) show three a.c. circuits in which equal currents are flowing. If the frequency of emf be increased,
how will the current be affected in these circuits? Give reason for your answer.

53. An ideal inductor of H inductance is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac supply.

5

a. Calculate the rms and peak value of current in the inductor.

b. What is the phase difference between current through the inductor and the applied voltage? How will it change if a
small resistance is connected in series with this inductor in the circuit?
54. A source of ac voltage V = V0sin ωt, is connected across a pure inductor of inductance L. Derive the expressions for the

instantaneous current in the circuit. Show that average power dissipated in the circuit is zero.
55. When an ideal capacitor is connected to an a.c. source, show that the average power supplied by the source over a
complete cycle is Zero.
56. A step-up down transformer operated on a 2.5 kV line. It supplies a load with 20 A. The ratio of the primary winding to
the secondary is 10 : 1. If the transformer is 90% efficient, calculate
i. the power output
ii. the voltage and
iii. the current in the secondary coil.
57. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Step-down transformers are used to decrease or step-down voltages. These are used when voltages need to be lowered
for use in homes and factories. A small town with a demand of 800 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated 15 km
away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the two wireline carrying power is 0.5 Ω per
km. The town gets power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-down transformer at a sub-station in the town.

i. The value of total resistance of the wires is

a. 25 Ω
b. 30 Ω
c. 35 Ω

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 d. 15 Ω
ii. The line power loss in the form of heat is
a. 550 kW
b. 650 kW
c. 600 W
d. 700 kW
iii. How much power must the plant supply, assuming there is negligible power loss due to leakage?
a. 600 kW
b. 1600 kW
c. 500 W
d. 1400 kW
iv. The voltage drop in the power line is
a. 1700 V
b. 3000 V
c. 2000 V
d. 2800 V
v. The total value of voltage transmitted from the plant is
a. 500 V
b. 4000 V
c. 3000 V
d. 7000 V
58. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
A transformer is an electrical device which is used for changing the a.c. voltages. It is based on the phenomenon of
mutual induction i.e. whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an e.m.f. is induced in the
neighbouring coil. For an ideal transformer, the resistances of the primary and secondary windings are negligible.

Es Ip ns
It can be shown that Ep
=
Is
=
np
=k
where the symbols have their standard meanings.
For a step-up transformer, ns > np; Es > Ep; k > 1; ∴ Is < Ip
For a step down transformer, ns < np; Es < Ep; k < 1

The above relations are on the assumption that efficiency of transformer is 100%.
output power Es Is
Infact, efficiency η = intput power
=
Ep Ip

i. Which of the following quantity remains constant in an ideal transformer?

a. Current
b. Voltage
c. Power
d. All of these
ii. The transformer is used to

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 a. convert ac to dc voltage
b. convert dc to ac voltage
c. obtain desired dc power
d. obtain desired ac voltage and current
iii. The number of turns in the primary coil of a transformer is 20 and the number of turns in a secondary is 10. If the
voltage across the primary is 220 ac V, what is the voltage across the secondary?
a. 100 ac V
b. 120 ac V
c. 110 ac V
d. 220 ac V
iv. In a transformer, the number of primary turns is four times that of the secondary turns. Its primary is connected to an
a.c. source of voltage V. Then
a. current through its secondary is about four times that of the current through its primary.
b. voltage across its secondary is about four times that of the voltage across its primary.
c. voltage across its secondary is about two times that of the voltage across its primary.
d. voltage across its secondary is about 1
times that of the voltage across its primary.
2√2

v. A transformer is used to light 100 W - 110 V lamps from 220 V mains. If the main current is 0.5 A, the efficiency of
the transformer is
a. 95 %
b. 99%
c. 90%
d. 96%
59. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
When the frequency of ac supply is such that the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance become equal, the
impedance of the series LCR circuit is equal to the ohmic resistance in the circuit. Such a series LCR circuit is known as
resonant series LCR circuit and the frequency of the ac supply is known as resonant frequency. Resonance phenomenon
is exhibited by a circuit only if both L and C are present in the circuit. We cannot have resonance in a RL or RC circuit.
A series LCR circuit with L = 0.12H, C = 480 nF, R = 23 Ω is connected to a 230 V variable frequency supply.

i. Find the value of source frequency for which current amplitude is maximum.
a. 222.32 Hz
b. 550.52 Hz
c. 663.48 Hz
d. 770 Hz
ii. The value of maximum current is
a. 14.14 A
b. 22.52 A
c. 50.25 A

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 d. 47.41 A
iii. The value of maximum power is
a. 2200 W
b. 2299.3 W
c. 5500 W
d. 4700 W
iv. What is the Q-factor of the given circuit?
a. 25
b. 42.21
c. 35.42
d. 21.74
v. At resonance which of the following physical quantity is maximum?
a. Impedance
b. Current
c. Both Impedance and Current
d. Neither Impedance and Current
60. Read the following case study and answer the following questions:
When a pure resistance R, pure inductor L and an ideal capacitor of capacitance C is connected in series to a source of
alternating e.m.f., then current at any instant through the three elements has the same amplitude and is represented as I =
I0 sin ωt. However, voltage across each element has a different phase relationship with the current as shown in graph.
The effective resistance of RLC circuit is called impedance (Z) of the circuit and the voltage leads the current by a phase
angle ϕ .

A resistor of 12 Ω , a capacitor of reactance 14 Ω and a pure inductor of inductance 90/π mH are joined in series and
placed across 200 V, 50 Hz a.c. supply.
Based on the information given above, answer the following questions:
i. The value of inductive reactance is
a. 9 Ω
b. 18 Ω
c. 3 Ω
d. 13 Ω
ii. The value of impedance is
a. 20 Ω
b. 15.4 Ω
c. 13 Ω
d. 25 Ω

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iii. What is the value of current in the circuit?
a. 8 A
b. 4 A
c. 15.4 A
d. 9.46 A
iv. what is the value of the phase angle between current and voltage(i degrees)?

a. 25
b. 65
c. 30
d. 60
v. From graph, which one is true from following?
a. V L ≥ VC

b. VL < VC
c. VL = VC
d. None of these

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