Suggestion for Introduction to computer science

 Abstraction: Define abstraction in the context of computer science. Discuss

its significance in software development and problem-solving. Provide
examples of abstraction in programming languages or software design.
 Creativity: b. How does creativity intersect with computer science? Discuss
ways in which creativity is essential for innovation in software development,
user interface design, and problem-solving. Provide examples of creative
solutions to computational problems.
 Data and Information: c. Differentiate between data and information in the
context of computer science. Explain how data is processed to generate
meaningful information. Provide examples of data structures used for
organizing and manipulating data.
 Algorithms: d. Define algorithms and their role in computer science. Discuss
the characteristics of good algorithms, such as correctness, efficiency, and
generality. Provide examples of algorithms used in sorting, searching, or
graph traversal.
 Programming: e. Explain the importance of programming in computer
science. Discuss programming paradigms such as procedural, object-
oriented, and functional programming. Provide examples of programming
languages and their applications.
 The Internet and Global Impact: f. Discuss the impact of the Internet on
global connectivity, communication, and commerce. Explain how computer
networks facilitate the exchange of information worldwide. Provide
examples of Internet technologies and their societal implications.
 Computational Thinking Practices: g. Define computational thinking and its
core practices: problem analysis, modelling abstraction, computation,
artifact creation, communication, and collaboration. Discuss how these
practices are applied in various domains of computer science.
 Problem Analysis: h. Describe the process of problem analysis in
computational thinking. Discuss techniques such as problem decomposition,
pattern recognition, and algorithmic thinking. Provide examples of problem-
solving strategies used in computer science.
 Modelling Abstraction: i. Explain the concept of modelling abstraction in
computational thinking. Discuss how models are used to represent complex
 systems and concepts. Provide examples of abstraction techniques used in
data modeling, simulation, or software design.
 Communication and Collaboration: j. Discuss the importance of
communication and collaboration in computer science projects. Explain how
teamwork and effective communication skills contribute to successful
software development and problem-solving. Provide examples of
collaborative tools and practices used in the industry.

 Signed and Unsigned Integers: a. Define signed and unsigned integers in

computer representation. Discuss how signed integers handle positive and
negative values, while unsigned integers only represent non-negative values.
Provide examples demonstrating the range of values that can be represented
by signed and unsigned integer data types.
 Floating-Point Numbers: b. Explain the representation of floating-point
numbers in computers using the IEEE 754 standard. Discuss the components
of a floating-point representation, including the sign bit, exponent, and
mantissa. Provide examples demonstrating the representation of decimal
numbers as floating-point values.
 Text Encoding: ASCII and Unicode: c. Describe the ASCII and Unicode
standards for text encoding in computers. Discuss the differences between
ASCII, which uses 7 or 8 bits to represent characters, and Unicode, which
supports a wider range of characters using variable-length encoding. Provide
examples of ASCII and Unicode characters and their corresponding binary
representations.
 Raster and Vector Graphics: d. Differentiate between raster and vector
graphics representations in computers. Discuss how raster graphics are
composed of pixels arranged in a grid, while vector graphics use
mathematical equations to define shapes and lines. Provide examples of file
formats associated with raster and vector graphics.
 Logic, Shift, and Arithmetic Operations on Binary Data: e. Discuss logic,
shift, and arithmetic operations commonly performed on binary data in
computer systems. Explain logical AND, OR, XOR operations, as well as
left and right shift operations, and addition/subtraction operations on binary
numbers. Provide examples illustrating each operation's usage and its impact
on binary data.

 CPU-Memory-IO Interaction: a. Explain the interaction among the CPU,

memory, and I/O devices in a computer system. Discuss how the CPU
communicates with memory and I/O devices through the system bus.
Provide examples illustrating data transfer between CPU, memory, and I/O
devices.
 System Bus: b. Describe the role of the system bus in computer architecture.
Discuss the types of buses (e.g., address bus, data bus, control bus) and their
functions in facilitating communication between CPU, memory, and I/O
devices. Provide examples of bus architectures used in modern computer
systems.
 Device Drivers: c. What are device drivers, and why are they important in
operating systems? Explain the role of device drivers in enabling
communication between the operating system and hardware devices such as
printers, disk drives, and network adapters. Provide examples of common
device drivers and their functionalities.
 Processes and Threads: d. Differentiate between processes and threads in
operating systems. Discuss how processes represent running programs with
their own memory space and resources, while threads are lightweight units
of execution within a process. Provide examples illustrating the creation and
management of processes and threads in operating systems.
 Interaction Among CPU, Memory, and I/O Devices: e. Discuss how CPU,
memory, and I/O devices interact during the execution of a program. Explain
the role of interrupts in handling I/O operations and multitasking. Provide
examples demonstrating how the CPU switches between different processes
or threads and interacts with memory and I/O devices.
 High-Level Languages vs. Machine-Level Representation: a. Explain the
difference between high-level languages and machine-level representation of
programs. Discuss how high-level languages are designed for human
readability and abstraction, while machine-level representation consists of
binary code understandable by the computer hardware. Provide examples of
high-level languages and their corresponding machine-level representations.
 Compiler vs. Interpreter: b. Differentiate between a compiler and an
interpreter. Discuss the role of a compiler in translating high-level language
code into machine code, typically generating an executable file. Contrast this
with the role of an interpreter, which directly executes high-level language
code without generating intermediate machine code. Provide examples of
programming languages and their associated compilers and interpreters.
 Assembler: c. Describe the role of an assembler in the compilation process.
Explain how an assembler translates assembly language code into machine
code directly executable by the CPU. Discuss the differences between
assembly language and high-level languages. Provide examples of assembly
language instructions and their corresponding machine code representations.
 Linker: d. Explain the role of a linker in the software development process.
Discuss how a linker resolves references between different modules or
libraries in a program, combining them into a single executable file. Discuss
the importance of linking in creating standalone executable programs.
Provide examples of linking in C or C++ programs.
 Loader: e. Discuss the role of a loader in the execution of programs. Explain
how a loader loads executable files into memory for execution, resolving
memory addresses and initializing program variables. Discuss the
differences between static and dynamic loading. Provide examples of
loaders in different operating systems.

 Programming Paradigms: a. Compare and contrast the procedural, object-

oriented, functional, and declarative programming paradigms. Discuss the
key concepts, advantages, and disadvantages of each paradigm. Provide
examples of programming languages that embody each paradigm.
 Layers and Protocols in Networking: b. Explain the concept of layers and
protocols in computer networking. Discuss the OSI (Open Systems
 Interconnection) model and the TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) model. Provide examples of protocols used at
different layers and their functions.
 Point-to-Point and End-to-End Communication: c. Define point-to-point and
end-to-end communication in networking. Discuss the differences between
these communication models, including their advantages and limitations.
Provide examples of technologies or protocols that support each type of
communication.
 Public Key Cryptography and Security/Privacy Issues: d. Describe public
key cryptography and its role in ensuring secure communication over the
internet. Discuss common security and privacy issues in computer networks,
such as data breaches, malware, and identity theft. Explain how public key
cryptography can address these issues.
 Characters, Strings, and Regular Expressions: e. Discuss the representation
and manipulation of characters and strings in programming languages.
Explain the concept of regular expressions and their use in pattern matching
and string manipulation. Provide examples demonstrating the usage of
regular expressions for tasks such as validation and text search.
 Recursive Procedures and Abstract Data Types: f. Define recursive
procedures and abstract data types in programming. Discuss how recursion
can be used to solve problems by breaking them down into smaller, similar
subproblems. Explain the concept of abstract data types and their role in
encapsulating data and operations. Provide examples illustrating recursive
procedures and abstract data types.
 Notion of Correctness and Efficiency of Algorithms: g. Explain the
importance of correctness and efficiency in algorithm design. Discuss
techniques for analyzing the correctness of algorithms, such as mathematical
proofs and testing. Describe methods for evaluating the efficiency of
algorithms, including time complexity analysis and empirical testing.
Provide examples of algorithms and their correctness and efficiency
considerations.