PROGRAM DIPLOMA KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

DUW10022/OCCUPATIONAL , SAFETY & HEALTH FOR

CODE/COURSE
ENGINEERING

ASSESSMENT CASE STUDY 2

MARKS

SESSION SESI 1 2023/2024

NAME ANIS NATASHA BINTI AZMAN

MATRIC NO 16DKM23F1087

CLASS DKM1D
INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF FIRE SAFETY

Fire safety is paramount to prevent and mitigate the risks associated with fires. It involves
measures such as installing smoke detectors, having fire extinguishers, creating evacuation
plans, and conducting regular fire drills. Additionally, practicing electrical safety, proper
storage of flammable materials, and adhering to building codes contribute to a safer
environment. Awareness, education, and preparedness are key components of effective fire
safety.

THE PURPOSE AND IMPORTANT OF SAFETY FIRE PLANNING

The purpose of safety fire planning is to minimize the risk of fires and ensure the safety of
individuals and property. It involves developing strategies, procedures, and measures to
prevent, detect, and respond to fires effectively. This includes establishing evacuation
routes, implementing fire prevention measures, and ensuring the availability of firefighting
equipment. A well-thought-out fire safety plan helps protect lives, property, and the
environment in the event of a fire emergency.

Safety fire planning is crucial as it helps prevent, prepare for, and respond to fire incidents. It
protects lives, property, and the environment by outlining procedures for evacuation, fire
suppression, and communication during emergencies. Additionally, having a well-structured
fire plan ensures that everyone knows their roles and responsibilities, minimizing chaos and
maximizing the effectiveness of emergency responses.
DISCUSSION

WAYS TO PREVENT FIRES THAT WILL OCCUR IN JKM EXAMPLE:

IDENTIFY AGENCIES TO CONTACT

As for agencies to contact in case of a fire or for assistance in fire prevention efforts, us
would typically involve:

1)Local Fire Department: Contact them for emergency response and guidance on fire
prevention measures.

2)Emergency Services or Civil Protection Agencies: They may provide broader assistance
during emergencies and can coordinate resources.

3)Building Code Enforcement Authorities: Inquire about and ensure compliance with relevant
building codes.

4)Community or Neighborhood Associations: Engage with local organizations to promote

community-wide fire safety initiatives.
CREATING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Organizing a safety fire planning structure within an organization involves defining roles,
responsibilities, and communication channels. Here's a basic organizational structure for
safety fire planning:

1) Fire Safety Committee:

- Chairperson: Responsible for overall coordination and leadership.
- Members: Representatives from various departments or areas within the organization.

2) Fire Safety Officer:

Responsibilities:
- Overseeing the implementation of fire safety measures.
- Conducting regular inspections and audits.
- Coordinating with other departments.

3) Emergency Response Team:

- Team Leader: Coordinates and directs emergency responses.
- Members: Trained individuals responsible for evacuation, first aid, and fire suppression.

4) Evacuation Coordinators:
- Floor Wardens: Responsible for guiding and ensuring the safe evacuation of occupants.
- Assembly Point Monitors: Confirming everyone is safely gathered at designated
assembly points.

5) Communication Coordinator:
Responsibilities:
- Ensuring effective communication during emergencies.
- Coordinating with emergency services and internal teams.
6) Training and Education Officer:
Responsibilities:
- Organizing fire drills and training sessions.
- Distributing educational materials on fire safety

7) Safety Liaison Officers (Departmental Representatives):

Responsibilities:
- Acting as a point of contact for fire safety within their respective departments.
- Reporting concerns or issues to the Fire Safety Committee.

8) Maintenance and Inspection Team:

Responsibilities:
- Regularly inspecting fire safety equipment.
- Conducting maintenance to ensure everything is in working order.

9) External Liaison:
Contact with Fire Department and Authorities:
- Establishing and maintaining communication with local fire services.
- Coordinating drills and inspections with relevant authorities.

10) Documentation and Recordkeeping Officer:

Responsibilities:
- Maintaining records of drills, inspections, and incidents.
- Ensuring documentation complies with regulatory requirements.
This structure ensures a comprehensive approach to fire safety, covering prevention,
response, and ongoing training. Regular communication and collaboration among theseroles
contribute to a proactive and effective safety fire planning system within the organization.
FIRE SIGNAL
A fire signal is a notification or warning indicating the presence of a fire or an emergency
situation related to fire. Fire signals are crucial components of fire detection and alarm
systems designed to alert individuals within a building or facility about the need for
immediate action, such as evacuation

Common types of fire signals include:

FIRE SIGNAL DESCRIPTION

Audible alarms that emit loud sounds to
alert occupants of a building when smoke
or fire is detected.

Visual signals, often used in conjunction

with alarms, to alert individuals who may
have hearing impairments.

Automated systems that use sensors to

detect smoke, heat, or flames and trigger
alarms.

Integrated systems that provide voice

instructions and information during
emergency situations, including fires.
The purpose of fire signals is to ensure a swift and orderly response to a fire emergency,
allowing individuals to evacuate safely and facilitating a rapid response from emergency
services. Fire signals play a crucial role in enhancing overall fire safety and protecting lives
and property.

THE SAFETY ROUTE

DEFINITION
Safe route means a way or course taken to get from a
starting point to a destination that is protected from
danger or risk.

In fire safety planning, the safety route typically refers to the designated path people should
take in case of a fire emergency. Key considerations for determining a safety route include:
1) Emergency Exits: Identify primary and secondary emergency exits from buildings or
facilities. Ensure they are clearly marked and easily accessible.

2) Clear Pathways: Keep evacuation routes clear of obstacles and debris to facilitate a swift
and safe exit.

3) Emergency Lighting: Ensure that emergency lighting is in place along the safety route to
guide people in low visibility conditions, such as smoke-filled areas.
4) Assembly Points:
Designate assembly
points outside the building
where individuals can
gather after evacuating.
This aids in accounting for
everyone and prevents
reentry into potentially
dangerous areas.

5) Training and Drills: Regularly conduct fire drills to familiarize occupants with the safety
route and evacuation procedures.

6) Accessibility: Ensure that the safety route is accessible to all individuals, including those
with disabilities. Install ramps, elevators, or other aids as necessary.

7) Communication: Establish a communication plan to provide guidance and updates during

a fire emergency. This may include designated personnel to guide people along the safety
route.

8) Emergency Equipment: Place firefighting equipment, such as fire extinguishers, along the
safety route to assist in controlling small fires before they escalate.
Prioritizing safety-focused pathways in fire planning is essential to minimize risk and ensure
rapid evacuation. By carefully mapping out escape routes, implementing clear signage, and
practicing regular drills, we can improve preparedness and protect lives in the event of a fire
emergency. Remember, proactive safety measures are key to protecting both individuals
and communities.

THE IMPORTANT HAVE FIRST AID KIT IN BUILDING

For a comprehensive first aid kit in a building, consider the following essentials:
1) Basic Supplies:
- Adhesive bandages of various sizes.
- Sterile gauze and dressings.
- Adhesive tape for securing dressings.
- Antiseptic wipes or solution.
- Scissors and tweezers.

2) Trauma Supplies:
- Trauma dressings for larger wounds.
- Elastic bandages for sprains or strains.
- Triangular bandages for creating slings.
- Instant cold packs for reducing swelling.

3) Respiratory Protection:
- CPR face shield or mask.
- Respiratory masks to protect against smoke or contaminants.

4) Burn Care:
- Burn dressings or gel.
- Non-stick dressings for burn wounds.
- Sterile gloves for protection.

5) Medical Tools:
- Thermometer.
- Tweezers for removing splinters.
- Scissors for cutting clothing or bandages.

6) Medications:
- Pain relievers.
- Allergy medication.
 - Aspirin or similar for heart-related emergencies.

7) Emergency Equipment:
- Flashlights with extra batteries.
- Whistle for signaling.
- Emergency blanket.

8) Documentation:
- List of emergency contacts.
- First aid manual.
- Emergency evacuation plan for the building.

9) Personal Medications:
- Include any necessary prescription medications for individuals in the building.

10) AED (Automated External Defibrillator:

- In some buildings, having an AED can be crucial for cardiac emergencies.

Ensure the first aid kit is easily accessible, and designate

trained personnel to manage and maintain it. Regularly
check and restock supplies to keep the kit up-to-date.

THE PURPOSE OF FIRE SAFETY ACTION PLAN

Purpose of Fire Safety Action Plan:

1) Preventing Loss of Life:
- The action plan aims to provide a structured approach to evacuate occupants safely,
reducing the risk of injuries and fatalities during a fire emergency.

2) Limiting Property Damage:

- By outlining preventive measures and response strategies, the plan seeks to minimize
damage to buildings, equipment, and valuable assets.

3) Ensuring Rapid Response:

- The plan's purpose is to facilitate a swift and well-coordinated response from emergency
teams, minimizing the time it takes to address and control the fire.

4) Maintaining Business Continuity:

- By incorporating measures for quick recovery and resumption of operations, the plan
aims to minimize disruptions and ensure business continuity after a fire incident.

5) Complying with Regulations:

- The action plan is designed to ensure compliance with local and national fire safety
regulations, reducing legal risks and liabilities.

6) Protecting the Environment:

- Preventing the spread of fires contributes to environmental protection by minimizing air
and water pollution resulting from fire-related incidents.

7) Fostering Employee Confidence:

- An effective action plan fosters a sense of security among employees, assuring them that
their safety is a priority and that there are clear procedures to follow in case of a fire.

8) Enhancing Emergency Preparedness:

- The plan's purpose is to enhance the overall preparedness of individuals and teams,
ensuring they know their roles and responsibilities during a fire emergency.
9) Facilitating Communication:
- Clear communication protocols outlined in the action plan enable efficient dissemination
of information, aiding in the quick and effective management of the emergency.
10) Mitigating Financial Risks:
- Through preventive measures and rapid response, the plan aims to mitigate financial
risks associated with property damage, potential legal issues, and business interruptions.

A comprehensive fire safety action plan serves as a proactive guide, encompassing

preventive, responsive, and recovery measures to safeguard lives, property, and the
continuity of operations.

ASSEMBLY POINT PLAN

An assembly point plan is a crucial part of emergency preparedness. Identify clear assembly
points for different scenarios, ensure easy access, and regularly practice evacuations to
familiarize everyone with the designated areas. Keep the plan visible and communicate it
effectively to enhance overall safety.

THE PURPOSE AND IMPORTANT OF ASSEMBLY POINT PLAN

Purpose:

1) Safety: The primary purpose is to ensure the safety of individuals during emergencies by
providing a designated, secure location for assembly.

2) Orderly Evacuation: Facilitates a systematic and organized evacuation process,

preventing chaos and promoting a calm exit from the premises.

3) Communication: Establishes a clear communication plan to convey evacuation

instructions and updates effectively.

4) Accountability: Enables quick and accurate accountability checks, helping emergency

responders identify and assist any missing individuals promptly.

5) Coordination: Aids in the coordination of emergency response efforts by centralizing

information and resources at a predetermined location.
6) Training and Drills: Supports regular training exercises and drills, ensuring that individuals
are familiar with evacuation procedures and can respond effectively during a real
emergency.

Importance:

1) Lifesaving: Critical for preserving lives during emergencies by providing a secure

gathering place away from potential dangers.

2) Efficiency: Promotes an efficient and organized evacuation, reducing the risk of injuries
and ensuring a swift response to emergencies.

3) Accountability Checks: Facilitates quick accountability checks, allowing emergency

responders to focus on those who may need assistance.

4) Reduced Panic: Helps minimize panic and confusion by providing clear instructions and a
structured plan for evacuation.

5) Emergency Responder Support: Assists emergency responders in managing and

coordinating their efforts, leading to a more effective response.

6) Regulatory Compliance: Meets regulatory requirements for safety and emergency

preparedness, ensuring that organizations adhere to legal standards.
In essence, the assembly point plan is a fundamental component of emergency
management, fostering a safer environment and enhancing the overall resilience of
individuals and organizations in the face of unforeseen events.

ROLL CALL ESTABLISH EMPLOYEE CALCULATION PROCEDURES

ACCOUNTING FOR PEOPLE
Roll-call procedures are used by many organisations to ensure that everybody has been
evacuated during an emergency. However, roll calls have intrinsic weaknesses that should
be addressed by the responsible person. Paramount is accurate knowledge of who was in
the building at the point of evacuation.

To ensure that all residents have been evacuated from a care home, a resident’s nominal
roll should be taken to assembly points. To check that all staff have evacuated, a staff rota
should be taken.

Wherever possible, all visitors should be required to sign in and out of the premises. The
visitors sign in/out record should also be taken to the assembly point.

Inaccuracies with regard to who is believed to be on the premises may be caused by:

1)staff temporarily leaving the premises

2)inadequate control procedures for contractors or visitors

3)fluidity in the building’s occupation, eg with staff who are hot-desking.

A number of sophisticated access control systems are now available that, in the event of an
alarm being activated, allow a roll-call list to be quickly printed. However, although
sophisticated and extremely capable, some systems have many of the same risks
associated with roll-call procedures.

FIRE FIGHTING METHODS

The hose uses a fog setting to extinguish a fire – ideal for closed compartment fires where
there is no wind.

This is used by fire brigades across the country and is lauded for its effectiveness in
combating fire. This technique is used particularly in closed compartment fires, and it works
by using the fog nozzle of the hose, rather than a jet to extinguish the fire. This technique
can be very effective in non-ventilated spaces, but where there is wind, its effectiveness is
greatly reduced.

Aimed at the ceiling, the water drops down and extinguishes the fire from above.

Like the fog attack, this method is most effective in closed compartment fires, such as high
rise environments. Instead of aiming the stream of water directly at the fire, it is aimed at the
ceiling or wall above the flames, allowing the water to drop down and extinguish the blaze. It
works twofold:

-The water will cool the ceiling, which disrupts the thermal balance, and the vapour will
absorb energy.
-The rest of the water falls like rain, which helps to extinguish the fire.
Perhaps the most widely known technique – this suffocates the flames as the water is aimed
at the base of the fire.

Aiming the stream of water at the base of the fire, this technique works best using a
concentrated, powerful jet of water that suffocates the flames. In order for this to work
effectively, the firefighters must have a clear and direct line of sight to the fire. If this method
is used on a fire in a non-vented area, then there will be less steam and the fire will be
extinguished faster.

This uses both indirect and direct attacks to combat the overhead gases and the flames
simultaneously.

This method consists of using both indirect and direct methods. One of the main benefits of
this technique is that it simultaneously combats the overhead gases, as the indirect method
does, whilst directly attacking the fire itself, extinguishing it quickly and minimising the risk of
it spreading.
used only for fires that are subject to high winds.

This technique is used only for fires in high energy (wind driven) situations. The technique
requires two teams of two, with each team operating a different kind of hose. One team
operates a low pressure/high fog nozzle, and the other uses a nozzle with a solid,
concentrated stream. As long as the two teams work in tandem and communicate well, this
method can be very effective. One team should focus on attacking the flame directly, while
the other should concentrate on preventing any advancing flame from spreading.

PROVIDE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL TRAINING

Theoretical Training:
1) Risk Assessment: Understand the potential fire hazards in a given environment, such as
flammable materials, electrical equipment, or heat sources.
2) Regulatory Compliance: Learn relevant fire safety codes, standards, and regulations to
ensure legal compliance and adherence to safety protocols.
3) Emergency Response Procedures: Develop a comprehensive understanding of
emergency response plans, including communication protocols, evacuation procedures, and
assembly points.

Practical Training:
1) Fire Drills: Conduct regular fire drills to practice the evacuation process and ensure that
individuals know their roles in case of an emergency.
2) Fire Safety Equipment Usage: Provide hands-on training in the proper use of fire
extinguishers, fire blankets, and other safety equipment.
3) Evacuation Simulation: Simulate various emergency scenarios to enhance the practical
application of fire safety plans, including evacuating people with disabilities or considering
different building layouts.

Combining theoretical knowledge with practical exercises ensures effective fire safety
planning and response capabilities.

PROVIDE TRAINING TO EMPLOYEES

Theoretical Training:
1) Introduction to Fire Safety: Cover fundamental concepts like fire behavior, fire prevention,
and the importance of safety planning.
2) Understanding Fire Hazards: Identify potential fire hazards in the workplace, including
electrical equipment, flammable materials, and other risk factors.
3) Emergency Procedures: Educate employees on evacuation routes, assembly points, and
the chain of command during a fire emergency.
4) Legal Compliance: Provide information on relevant safety regulations, codes, and
standards that employees must follow.

Practical Training:
1) Fire Drills: Conduct regular fire drills to ensure employees are familiar with evacuation
procedures and exit routes.
2) Fire Extinguisher Training: Demonstrate how to use fire extinguishers properly through
hands-on exercises.
3) Emergency Response Simulation: Simulate fire scenarios to practice decision-making,
communication, and coordination among employees during emergencies.
4) Evacuation Techniques: Train employees on assisting others during evacuations,
especially those with mobility challenges.

Customize the training to the specific needs and layout of the workplace, ensuring that
employees are well-prepared to respond effectively in case of a fire.

THE MAIN GOALS OF FIRE SAFETY TRAINING

1) Awareness: Increase awareness among individuals about fire hazards, risks, and the
importance of fire safety in the workplace or living environment.

2) Knowledge: Equip participants with theoretical understanding, including fire behavior,

types of fires, and the proper use of fire safety equipment.
3) Skills Development: Provide practical training to develop skills in using fire extinguishers,
evacuation techniques, and other firefighting tools.

4) Emergency Response: Ensure that individuals are well-prepared to respond quickly and
effectively to a fire emergency, including proper evacuation procedures and communication
protocols.

5) Risk Reduction: Educate participants on how to identify and mitigate fire risks, promoting
a proactive approach to preventing incidents.

6) Compliance: Familiarize participants with relevant safety regulations and standards,

emphasizing the importance of legal compliance in maintaining a safe environment.

7) Team Coordination: Foster teamwork and coordination during fire emergencies,

emphasizing the roles and responsibilities of each individual in ensuring a safe and
organized response.

By achieving these goals, fire safety training contributes to creating a safer environment,
reducing the impact of fire incidents, and protecting lives and property.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, safety fire planning is a critical component of ensuring the well-being of
individuals and safeguarding property in any environment. The multifaceted nature of fire
safety planning encompasses prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and
compliance. Through thorough risk assessment and adherence to relevant regulations, we
aim to prevent fire incidents. Preparedness involves creating and communicating
comprehensive emergency plans, while practical training equips individuals with the skills
needed to respond effectively during emergencies. The ultimate goal is not only to protect
lives and property but also to instill a proactive safety culture that permeates all aspects of
our environment. As we implement and continually refine our safety fire planning strategies,
we contribute to a secure and resilient community, fostering a workplace where individuals
can thrive in an environment free from unnecessary risks and hazards.

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https://www.cityfire.co.uk/news/fire-fighting-techniques/
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