EEE 222:

Electrical Machines & Control

Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Eng. Technology , JIC
Semester 423
Week No. 1
Course Contents:

WEEK Topic REFERENCE

No.
1 Sinusoidal Alternating Waveforms. - Robert L. Boylestad,
“Introductory Circuit
1 Basic Elements & Phasors.
Analysis”, 13th
2 Series AC Circuits. Edition, Pearson,
2016, ISBN: 978-1-
2 -3 Parallel AC Circuits. 292-09895.
3 Active, Reactive, and Apparent Power.
- Theodore Wildi,
4 Three-Phase transformer: “Electrical Machines,
Drives and Power
Three-Phase Induction Motor Principle
Systems” 6th Edition,
5 Three-Phase Induction Motor Principle Pearson, 2016, ISBN-
13: 978-0131776913
6 Selection and application of three-phase induction machines

6 Structure of Automatic Control System

7 Control Circuit & Method of Operation
7 Electrical DC Generator
Lecture 1

Sinusoidal Alternating Waveforms

Outline
- Introduction.
- Sinusoidal AC voltage characteristics and definitions.
- The Sinusoidal Waveform.
- General format for the sinusoidal voltage and current.
- Average Value.
- Effective (rms) values.
- Examples.
 1. What is an alternating waveform?

1.1- The term alternating indicates only that the

waveform alternates between two prescribed levels in a One of the important reasons for
set time sequence. concentrating on the sinusoidal ac voltage
is that it is the voltage generated by utilities
throughout the world.
2. What is a Sinusoidal Waveform?

2.1- Sinusoidal Waveform or sine wave

is the fundamental type of alternating
current (ac) and alternating voltage.
2. What is a Sinusoidal Waveform?(cont.)
2.2- There are various types of generating ac power like:

In each case, an ac generator (also called an

alternator), is the primary component in the energy
conversion process.
3. Terminologies for a sine wave you should know

Waveform: A graphic representation of a wave, usually plotted

with amplitude on one axis and frequency or time on the other.

Instantaneous Value: The instant value in the wave form.

Represented by a small letter (e1, e2, …)

Peak Amplitude: The maximum value measured from its

average value (not from zero unless the average is zero)
3. Terminologies for a sine wave you should know (cont.)

Peak Value: The maximum instantaneous value of a function

measured from the zero. If the average value of a waveform is
zero so the peak amplitude and the peak value is the same.

Peak-to-Peak value: The full amplitude between the positive

peak and the negative peak of the wave form.
3. Terminologies for a sine wave you should know (cont.)
3. Terminologies for a sine wave you should know (cont.)
4. EXAMPLE
5. The Sinusoidal Waveform
5. The Sinusoidal Waveform (cont.)

Check (13.6 & 13.7)

5. The Sinusoidal Waveform (cont.)
5. The Sinusoidal Waveform (cont.)

Other equations that you

need to solve examples:

Where: T is the period

5. EXAMPLES: The Sinusoidal Waveform (cont.)
5. EXAMPLES: The Sinusoidal Waveform (cont.)
6. General format for the sinusoidal voltage or current
6. General format for the sinusoidal voltage or current
6. General format for the sinusoidal voltage or
current (cont.)
6. General format for the sinusoidal voltage or
current (cont.)
6. General format for the sinusoidal voltage or
current (cont.)
 7. Average Value

Even though the concept of the average value is an important one

in most technical fields, its true meaning is often misunderstood.

if we let G denote the average value, as follows:

The algebraic sum of the areas must be determined

since some area contributions are from below the
horizontal axis. Areas above the axis are assigned a
positive sign and those below it a negative sign.
7. Average Value (cont.)
 7. Effective (root-mean-square) Value

The equivalent dc value is called the rms or

effective value of the sinusoidal quantity. As a
simple numerical example, it requires an ac
current with a peak value of 12(10) = 14.14 A to
deliver the same power to the resistor as a dc
current of 10 A.
7. Effective (root-mean-square) Value

The following set of relationships is for Voltage and current:

7. EXAMPLES for Effective (root-mean-square)
Value (cont.)
Solution:
For part (a), Irms = 0.707(12 * 10 −3 A)
= 8.48 mA.
For part (b), again Irms = 8.48 mA.
Note that frequency did not change
the effective value in (b) compared
to (a).
For part (c), Vrms = 0.707(169.73 V)
120 V, the same as available from a
home outlet.
7. EXAMPLES for Effective (root-mean-square)
Value (cont.)
 8. Homework.

1:
 8. Homework (cont.)

2:

3:

4: