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Bank Math Lecture Book v-3 Updated

The document is a mathematics lecture book that covers various topics including percentages, fractions, and basic arithmetic problems. It provides solutions to problems related to percentages, conversions, and financial calculations. The content is structured for both primary and advanced levels, with a focus on practical applications of mathematical concepts.

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Md. Labu Miah

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

4 views

Bank Math Lecture Book v-3 Updated

Uploaded by

Md. Labu Miah

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

30. A tradesman gives 4% discount on the marked 35. Company C produces toy trucks at a cost of Tk.
price and gives 1 article free for buying every 15 5.00 each for the first 100 trucks and Tk. 3.50 for
articles and thus gains 35%. The marked price is each additional truck. If 500 toy trucks were
above the cost price by? produced by Company C and sold for Tk. 10.00
Solution: Let C. P of each article = Tk. 100 each, what was Company C's gross profit?
So, total C. P. of 16 articles = Tk. 1600 and Solution: Total cost price of 500 toy trucks =
at 35% profit Selling price of 15 articles = 5 × 100 + 3.5 × 400 = 500 + 1400 = 1900
135% of 1600 = Tk. 2160 Total selling price of 500 toy trucks = ሺ500 ×
2160 10ሻ = Tk. 5000
So, S. P. of 1 artice = = Tk. 144
15
So, Company C′s gross profit = 5000 − 1900 =
Let, M. P. of 1 article = x
144×100 Tk 3100
So, 96% of x = 144 ∴ x = = Tk. 150
96
Since, C. P. is 100 and M. P. is 150 36. A man sells 2 commodities for Tk. 4000 each,
So, market price is above C. P. 150 − 100 = 50% neither losing nor gaining in the deal. If he sold one
commodity at a gain of 25% then what is the cost
31. If the cost price is 25% of selling price, then price of another commodity?
what is the percentage of profit? Solution: Here, total SP of both commodities =
Solution: Let, selling price is = Tk. 100, 2 × 4000 = Tk. 8000
Cost price = 25% of 100 = Tk. 25 Total CP of both is also Tk. 8000
∴ Profit = Tk 100 − 25 = Tk. 75 At 25% 100 gain, SP is 4000 then CP = 4000 ×
75 × 100 100
So, Profit percentage = = 300% = Tk. 3200
25 125
Then the cost price of another commodity =
32. A man buys an article for 10% less than its ሺ8,000 − 3,200ሻ = Tk. 4,800
value and sells it for 10% more than its value. His
gain or loss percent is?
37. In a certain store, the profit is 320% of the cost.
A. no profit, no loss B. less than 20% profit
If the cost increased by 25% but, the selling price
C.20% profit D more than 20% profit
remains constant, approximately what percentage
Solution: Let the article be worth Tk. 100
of the selling price is the profit?
So, C. P of the article At 10% less = Tk. 90
Solution: Let C. P. = Tk. 100; Profit = Tk. 320,
S. P of the article at 10% more than its value =
100 + 10 = Tk. 110 S. P. = Tk 100 + 320 = Tk. 420
So, profit = 110 − 90 = 20 New C. P. = 125% of Tk. 100 = Tk. 125
20×100 2 New S. P. = Tk. 420
profit % = % = 22 % So, new profit = Tk. 420 − 125 = Tk. 295
90 9
which is more than 20% Required percentage =
295×100
= 70.28%
420
≈ 70%
33. A machine is sold at profit of 10%. Had it been
sold for Tk. 40 less, there would have been a loss 38. P sells a product to Q and makes a profit of
of 10%. What was the cost price? 25%. Q sells it to R at a loss of 20%. If R buys it for
Solution: Let, C. P. be Tk. x. Tk. 140, what price did P pay for it?
Then, 110% of x − 90% of x = 40 Solution: Let, cost price of P = x
40×100
20% of x = 40 ∴ x = = Tk. 200 ATQ, 80% of 125% of x = 140
20 100 100
⇒ x = 140 × × = 140 tk
34. Ahad buys 80 kg sugar at Tk. 40 per kg and 40 80 125
kg rice at Tk. 50 per kg At what price approximately 39. A retail appliance store priced a video recorder
in Tk. per kg should he sell to make a profit of 10% at 20 percent above the wholesale cost of Tk. 200.
on cost? If a store employee applied the 10 percent
Solution: Total cost = 80 × 40 + 40 × 50 = employee discount to the retail price to buy the
3200 + 2000 = Tk. 5200 recorder, how much did the employee pay for the
Selling price with 10% profit = 5200 + recorder? Solution: Marked price = Tk. 200 +
10% of 5200 = 5200 + 520 = Tk. 5720 20% of 200 = Tk. 200 + 40 = Tk. 240
Selling price of 1 kg = 5720 ÷ ሺ80kg + 40kgሻ = after 10% discount from marked price, retail price
5720 + 120 = Tk. 47.7 = 240 − 10% of 240 = 240 − 24 = Tk. 216

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

40. X sales on item to Y at a profit of 28% on this 45. By what percentage above the cost price, a fan
cost and Y sales the same item to Z at a loss of 25% should be sold if a shopkeeper wants to make a
on his cost. If Y thus sold the item to Z a Tk. 2 less profit of Tk. 500 and the marked price of the article
than the item to X, then what is the cost of the is Tk. 6000 which is 50% above the cost price?
item to X? Solution: Let, cost price of the fan = x
Solution: Let, X′s cost price Tk. 100 ATQ, 150% of x = 6000
100
Y′s … … … . . 128% of tk100 = 128 ∴ x = 6000 × = Tk. 4000
175 150
Z′s … … … … 128 × = tk. 96 Now, cost price = Tk. 4000 and profit 500
100
500×100
Z′s price less than X′s prices is Tk 100 – 96 = So, profit % = = 12.5%
4000
Tk. 4
When Z ′ s price tk. 4 less, X ′ s price = tk. 100 46. A man purchases two clocks A and B at a total
100×2
"……… … …..2,…… = 50tk. cost of Tk. 650. He sells A with 20% profit and B at
4
a loss of 25% and gets the same selling price for
41. Alam sold vehicles for Tk. 4600 each. If he both the clocks. What are the purchasing prices of
gained 10% on the first and lost 10% on another, A and B respectively?
then what is his percentage profit or loss in this Solution:
transaction? Let C. P of clock A be x and clock B be 650 − x
PQ Then, 120% of x = 75% of 650 − x
Solution: P + Q +
100 6x 3 650−x
10× −10 ⇒ = ⇒ 8x = 3250 − 5x
= +10 + −10 + = −1 5 4
100
⇒ 13x = 3250 ⇒ x = Tk. 250
which means 1% loss.
C. P of A = Tk. 250, C. P of B, ሺ650 − 250ሻ =
42. After getting two successive discounts, a shirt Tk. 400
47. By selling 32 guavas for Tk. 30 at the rate of Tk.
with a list price of Tk. 150 is available at Tk. 105. If
1.066 per guava a man loss 25%. How many guavas
the second discount is 12.5%. Find the first
should be sold for Tk. 18 to gain 20% of profit in
discount.
the transaction?
Solution: Let, the price of the shirt
after first discount x Solution: let cost price of 32 guavas = Tk. 100
at 25% loss first selling price = 100 − 25 = 75
ATQ, x − 12.5% of x = 105
12.5x 87.5x at 20% profit second selling price = 100 + 20 =
⇒x− = 105 ⇒ = 105 120
100 100
100
⇒ x = 105 × = 120tk if first selling price is Tk. 75 then second selling
87.5
So, first discount = 150 − 120 = 30tk price = Tk. 120
30 if first selling price is Tk. 1 then second selling
and discount percentage = × 100 = 20% 120
150 price = Tk.
43. In a store, pens are sold for 25% less than the 75
tag price. If a pen costs Tk. 48. What will be the tag if first selling price is Tk. 30 then second selling
120×30
price of the pen to make a 25% profit its cost? price = Tk. = Tk. 48
75
Solution: Let the tag price be = Tk. x for tk.48 need to sell = 32 guavas
ATQ, 75% of x = 125% of 48 32
for Tk. 1 … … . . =
48×125×100 48
x = = Tk. 80 32×18
100×75 for Tk.18……………….= = 12 guavas
48
44. A shopkeeper earn a profit of 12% on selling a
book at 10% discount on the printed price. The
ratio of the cost price and the printed price of the
book is:
Solution: Let the printed price of the book
be Tk. x and the cost price of the book be Tk. 𝑦
90x 112y
ATQ, 90% of x = 112% of y ⇒ =
100 100
x 112 56
⇒ 90x = 112y ⇒ = =
𝑦 90 45
∴ x: y = 56: 45 ⇒ 𝑦: 𝑥 = 45: 56

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

I × 100 100 × 100 100

Simple Interest or, r =
p×n
%=
100 × 6
%=
6
%
Now, profit principal will be = 100 × 3 = 300
❖ Primary Level so, profit = 300 − 100 = Tk. 200
I × 100 200 × 100
1. Mr. Ramiz deposited Tk. 5,000 in a bank and We know, n = = = 12 years
p×r 100
decided not to withdraw any amount from the 100 ×
6
bank till next 6 years. The annual profit given by
7. Rodrick Gomage borrowed Tk. 10,000 for 3 years
the bank is 10%. How much profit will he get after
and Tk. 15,000 for 4 years from a bank and paid Tk.
6 years? What will be the profit-principal?
Prn 9,900 in total as a profit. In both cases if the rate of
Solution: We know, I = profit is same, find the rate of profit.
100
5000×10×6
= = Tk. 3000 Solution: Let, the rate of profit is x%.
100
Prn
Profit − Principal = 5,000 + 3,000 = Tk. 8,000 We know, I =
Profit is Tk. 3,000 and Profit − Principal = 100
10000 × 𝑥 × 3 15000 × 𝑥 × 4
Tk. 8,000 𝐴𝑇𝑄, + = 9900
100 100
2. If the rate of profit is 8.5% per annum, what 𝑜𝑟, 300𝑥 + 600𝑥 = 9900
amount will make profit Tk. 2,550 in 6 years? 𝑜𝑟, 900𝑥 = 9900
Solution: We know, I =
Prn 9900
100 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 = = 11%
𝐼×100 2550×100 900
or, p = = = 5000
𝑟×𝑛 8.5×6
∴ Principal = Tk. 5000 8. What amount of money will become Tk. 2,050 as
profit-principal in 4 years, at the same rate of
3. What is the rate of profit by which the profit of profit at which some principal becomes double as
Tk. 3,000 will be Tk. 1,500 in 5 years? profit-principal in 6 years?
Prn Solution: Let, the principal is Tk. 100.
Solution: We know, I =
100
I×100 1500×100 The profit principal will be = 2 × 100 = Tk. 200
or, r = % = % = 10% So, the profit is = 200 − 100 = Tk. 100
p×n 3000×5
∴ The rate of profit is = 10% Prn
We know, I =
100
I×100 100×100 100
4. The profit-principal of some principal is Tk. 5,500 or, r = %= % = %
p×n 100×6 6
in 3 years. If the profit is 3 part of the principal, Now, The profit principal = Tk. 2050
find the principal and the rate of profit? 100×Profit principal
Solution: Let, the principal is Tk. 8x Principal =
100+r×n
100×2050 100×2050 205000×6
Then the profit is Tk. 3x = 100 = 1000 = = Tk. 1230
Prn 100+4× 1000
6 6
We know, I =
100
I×100 3x×100
or, r = %= % = 12.5% 9. For how much money will the profit at the rate
p×n 8x×3
of Tk. 5 per annum in 2 years 6 months be same as
5. In how many years will the profit of Tk. 10,000 that of Tk. 500 at the rate of Tk. 6 per annum in 4
be Tk. 4,800 at the rate of 12% profit? years?
Prn
Solution: We know, I = Solution: 1st Part: We know, Profit, I =
Prn
100
I×100 4800×100 100
or, n = = = 4 years 500×6×4
p×r 10000×12 = = 120
100
I×100 120×100
6. Some principal becomes its double as profit- 2nd Part: Principal, p = = = 960
r×n 5×2.5
principal in 6 years at the same percentage of Here, 2 years 6 months = 2.5 years
profit. In how many years will it be thrice of it as
profit-principal at the same percentage of profit?
Solution: Let, the principal of money is Tk. 100
profit-principal will be = 100 × 2 = Tk. 200
so, profit = 200 − 100 = Tk. 100
Prn
We know, I =
100

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

10. Simple interest on a certain sum at the rate of ❖ Advanced Level

4.5% p.a for 4 years and 6 years differs by BDT 216.
The sum is- 15. If simple interest on a certain sum of money is
Solution: Let, The sum be Tk. x Tk. 256 and the rate of interest per annum equals
ATQ, x × 4.5% × 6 − x × 4.5% × 4 = 216 the number of years, then the rate of interest is-
or, 27x% − 18x% = 216 Solution: Let, The rate of interest = x%, time = x
or, 9x% = 216 𝐴𝑇𝑄, 𝑥 × 𝑥 = 256
216 216×100
∴x= = = 2400 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 2 = 256
9% 9
∴ 𝑥 = 256 = 16
11. In 4 years, Tk. 6000 amounts to Tk. 8000. In
what time at the same rate will Tk. 525 amount to 16. In how many years, Tk. 150 will produce the
Tk. 700? same interest at 8% as Tk. 800 produce in 3 years
Solution: Interest of 4 years is = 8000 − 6000 at 4.5%?
= 2000Tk. Solution: Let, time = x years.
2000 4.5 4.5
Interest of 1 year is = = 500 𝐴𝑇𝑄, 150 × × 𝑥 = 800 × ×3
4 100 100
1 year interest of Tk. 525 at
25
% 𝑜𝑟, 12𝑥 = 108
3 108
25 525 ∴𝑥= = 9 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
= 525 × = Tk. 12
3×100 12
nd
2 interest = 700 − 525 = Tk. 175 17. In how many years, Tk. 150 will produce the
525 same interest at 8% as Tk. 800 produce in 3 years
So time required = 175 ÷ = 4 years
12
at 4.5%?
12. A man borrowed some money for 120 days. He Solution: Ratio of the interest = 6: 9 = 2: 3
asked the banker for the money and the banker [বি: দ্র: আসল এিং মুনাফার হার একই হওয়ার সময়য়র অনু পাতই
charged Tk. 360 as interest at 6% per annum. What মুনাফার অনু পাত]
was the amount he borrowed? 18. The simple interest on a sum of money will be
Solution: Let, borrowed money be Tk. P Tk.600 after 10 years. If the principal is trebled
120 1
Here 120 days is = = years after 5 years. What will be the total interest at the
30×12 3
I×100 360×100 end of the tenth year?
We know, p = = 1 = Tk. 18000
r×n ×6
3 Solution: Total interest in 10 years = Tk. 600
600×5
13. If Tk. 64 amounts to Tk. 83.20 in 2 years, what Interest in 5 years = = Tk. 300
10
will Tk. 86 amount to in 4 years at the same rate After 5 years when principal becomes trebled
percent per annum? interest also become trebled.
Solution: Interest for 2 years = 83.2 − 64 = So, interest of next 5 years = 300 × 3 = 900
19.20 Now, total interest of 10 years = 300 + 900
19.20×100 = Tk. 1200
Interest rate is = = 15%
64×2
therefore, interest of 86 tk for 4 years is 19. A man deposits Tk. 5000 at 5% annual interest
= 86 × 15% × 4 = Tk. 51.6 for six months. In every six months he3 So, total
So, Amount will be = 86 + 51.6 = Tk. 137.6 interest = 1000000 x = Tk.30000 100withdraws Tk.
14. Tk. 800 becomes Tk. 956 in 3 years at a certain
rate of simple interest. If the rate of interest is 500 from his principal plus interest earned. What is
increased by 4%, what amount will Tk. 800 become the total amount of interest he received?
5
in 3 years? Solution: Semi annual, so, interest rate = 2.5%
2
Solution: Total interest in 3 years is = 956 − So, total interest
800 = 156 = 2.5% × 5000 + 2.5% × 4500 + 2.5% × 4000
100 × 156 + 2.5% × 3500 + 2.5% × 3000 + 2.5% × 2500
Interest rate is = = 6.5%
800×3
+ 2.5% × 2000 + 2.5% × 1500 + 2.5%
Rate after increasing is = 6.5 + 4 = 10.5%
× 1000 + 2.5% × 500
So new amounts in 3 years is
= 2.5% ሺ5000 + 4500 + 4000 + 3500 + 3000
= 800 + ሺ10.5% of 800ሻ × 3 = Tk. 1052
+ 2500 + 2000 + 1500 + 1000 + 500ሻ
= 2.5% × 27500 = Tk. 687.5

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

20. Annie invested a certain sum of money in a

bank that paid simple interest. The amount Two
different amounts:grew to Tk.240 at the end of 2
years. She waited for another 3 years and got a
final amount of Tk.300. What was the principal
amount that she invested at the beginning?
Solution:
Given that, after 2 years the amount will be =
Tk. 240
And, after 2 + 3 =
5 years the amount will be = Tk. 300
So, Total Interest for 3 years = Tk. 300 − 240 =
Tk. 60
Now, Interest of 3 years is = Tk. 60
60
∴ Interest of 2 years is = × 2 = 𝑇𝑘. 40
3
So The required Principal = ሺ240 − 40ሻ =
Tk. 200
21. A sum of money lent out at simple interest
amounts to Tk. 720 after 2 years and to Tk. 1020
after a further period of 5 years. The sum is-
Solution: S. I. for 5 years = 1020 − 720 = Tk. 300.
300
S. I. for 2 years = × 2 = Tk. 120
5
∴ Principal = Tk. ሺ720 − 120ሻ = Tk. 600.
22. Rina took a loan of Tk. 1200 at simple interest
for as many years as the rate of interest.If she paid
Tk. 432 as interest at the end of the loan period,
what was the rate ofinterest?
Solution: Let, the rate of interest = x%
and the time is also = x years
ATQ, 1200 × x% × x = 432
432
𝑜𝑟, 12𝑥 2 = 432, 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 2 = = 36
12
∴ 𝑥 = 36 = 6
so, interest rate is 6%.
23. If a person Invest Tk. 4000 at x% and Tk. 5000
at y%. He will get total Tk. 320 as interest. On the
other hand if he invest Tk. 5000 at x% and Tk. 4000
at y%, he will get total Tk. 310 as interest. Find the
value of x and y.
Solution: From the given information,
According to the first condition
x% of 4000 + y% of 5000 = 320
4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 32 … … … … … … 1
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑥% 𝑜𝑓 5000 + 𝑦% 𝑜𝑓 4000 = 310
5𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 31 … … … … … … … 2
𝑁𝑜𝑤, ሺ1ሻ × 5 & ሺ2ሻ × 4 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
ሺ2ሻ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ሺ1ሻ 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡, 9y = 36, ∴ 𝑦 = 4
𝐵𝑦 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑖𝑛 2 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡,
5𝑥 + 4 × 4 = 31, 𝑜𝑟, 5𝑥 = 15
∴𝑥=3
BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52
Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

Here, in the case of growth of population, formula for

Compound Interest compound principal is applicable.
𝑛 3 3
∴𝐶 =𝑃× 1+𝑟 = 8000000 × 1 + m
❖ Primary Level 100
= 8741816
1. Find the compound principal of Tk. 62,500 in 3
5. Present population of a city is 64 lac. What will
years at the profit of Tk. 8 percent per annum.
be the population of the city after 2 years if growth
Solution: We know, C = P × 1 + r 𝑛
rate of population of the city is 25 per thousand?
Given, initial principal, P = Tk 62,500
Solution: Try yourself.
percentage of profit, r = 8%
and time, n = 3 years
8 3 ❖ Advanced Level
∴ C = 62500 × 1 + = Tk. 78732
100
∴Compound principal is Tk. 78,732 6. The compound interest on Tk. 2800 for 18
months at 10% p.a. is
2. Find the compound profit of TK. 5000 at the Solution: Interest of first 12 months
profit of 10.50% per annum in 2 years. = 2800 × 10% = Tk. 280
Solution: We know, C = P × 1 + r 𝑛 Compound amount after 12 months
Given, initial principal, P = Tk. 5000 = 2800 + 280 = Tk. 3080
percentage of profit, r = 10.50% Interest on Tk. 3080 for 6 months
and time, n = 2 years 1
= Tk. 3080 × 10% × = Tk. 154
2
10.5 2
∴ C = 5000 × 1 + = Tk. 6105.13 (approx) Total interest = Tk. 280 + 154 = Tk. 434.
100
∴ Compound profit = C − P 7. The compound interest on a certain sum of
= 6105.13 − 5000 = Tk. 1105.13 ሺapproxሻ money for 2 years at 10% per annum is Tk. 420.
3. A flat owners welfare association deposited the The simple interest on the same sum at the same
surplus money of Tk. 2,00,000 from its service rate and for the same time will be?
charges in a bank in the fixed deposit scheme on Solution: Let, initially investment = x
the basis of compound profit for six months' ATQ, 110% of 110% of x − x = 420
interval. If the percentage of profit is Tk. 12, how ∴ x = 2000
much profit will be credited to the account of the Then, 10% of 2000 × 2 = 200 × 2 = Tk. 400
association ? What will be the compound principal 8. The difference between the compound interest
after one year? and the simple interest on a certain sum at 5% per
Solution: Given, principal, P = Tk. 2,00,000 annum for 2 years is Tk. 1.50. The sum is?
rate of profit, r = 12% Solution: Let, the principal = x
1
time, n = 6 months = year ATQ, 5% of 5% of x = 1.5
2 100 100
1
Prn 200000× ×12 ∴ 𝑥 = 1.5 × × = 600
∴ profit , I = = 2
= Tk. 12000 5 5
100 100
After 6 months compound principal Tk. ሺ200000 + 9. What will be the difference between simple and
12000ሻ = Tk, 2, 12000 compound interest at 10% on a sum of Tk. 1000
Again, profit − principal after 6 months = after 4 years?
12 1 1000×10×4
Tk. 2,12,000 1 + × = Tk. 224720 Solution: Simple interest = = 400
100 2 100
Compound principal after 1 year will be Tk. 224720 Compound interest
= 110% of 110% of 110% of 110% of 1000
4. present population of a city is 80 lac. What will − 1000
be the population of the city after 3 years if the = 464.1
growth rate of population of that city is 30 per So, difference = 464.1 − 400 = 64.1
thousand? 10. How much interest will Tk.1,000 earn in one
Solution: present population of the city is P = year at an annual interest rate of 8% ifinterest rate
8000000 is compounded every 6 months?
growth rate of population, r =
30
× 100% = 3% Solution: Interest rate for 1 year is 8%
1000 So interest for 6 month is 4%
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑛 = 3 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠.
Now, CI for 1 year with sum: 104% of 104% of 1000
BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52
Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

❖ Secondary Level
Train & Speed
6. A man takes 3 hours 45 minutes to row a boat
❖ Primary Level 22.5 km downstream of a river and 2 hours 30
minutes to cover a distance of 10 km upstream.
1. 240 m long train passed a pole in 24 seceond. Find the speed of the river current in km/hr.
How long will it take to pass a 650 m long Solution: 3hr 45 min = 180 + 45 = 225 𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
platform? 225 15
ℎ𝑟 = ℎ𝑟
Solution: 60 4
150 5
train speed in 1 second is = 240 + 24 = 10𝑚/𝑠 Again, 2 hr 30min = 150 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ℎ𝑟 = ℎ𝑟
60 2
The train has to go = 240 + 650 = 890𝑚 15
Now, Downstream speed = 22.5 𝑘𝑚 ÷ ℎ𝑟 =
So Total time taken = 890 ÷ 10 = 89 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 4
225 4
× = 6 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ [দূ রত্ব ÷ সময় = গবতয়িগ]
10 15
2. In what time will a train 100 meters long cross 5 2
Upstream speed = 10 𝑘𝑚 ÷ ℎ𝑟 = 10 × =
an electric pole, if its speed is 144 km/hr.? 2 5
5 4 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ
Solution: Here 144km/hr = 144𝑥 = 40𝑚/sec 6−4 2
18 So, speed of the current = = = 1 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ
So time taken to cross the pole is = 100𝑚 ÷ 2 2
40𝑚 = 2.5sec
7. A boatman takes twice as long to go to a
3. The length of the train that takes 8 seconds to distance upstream as to travel the same distance
pass a pole when it runs at a speed of 36 km/hr is? downstream. What is the ratio of the speed of the
Solution: At first conversion of speed from km/hr to boatman (in still water) and the current?
m/s by 36 ×
5
= 10𝑚/𝑠 Solution: Let, The speed of boat = 𝑥 and speed of
18 current= 𝑦
Then, 1 sec =10m So, in 8 sec it goes 10 x 8 = 80m.
ATQ, x + y = 2𝑥ሺ𝑥 − 𝑦 [অনু কূয়ল গবতটা বিগুণ]
Here the train Passes a pole so 80m is the length of
𝑥 3
the train: ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 ⇒ 𝑥 = 3𝑦 ⇒ =
𝑦 1
4. A train 800 meters long is running at a speed of ∴ 𝑥: 𝑦 = 3: 1
78 km/hr. If it crosses a tunnel in 1 minute, then
the length of the tunnel (in metres) is 8. A man rows a certain distance along the stream
Solution: এ ধরয়ণর প্রয়ে সিার আয়গ গবতয়িগ মক ভাঙ্গয়ত and against the stream in 1 hour and 1.5 hours
৫ ৬৫ ৬৫ respectively. It the velocity of the current is
হয়ি ৭৮× = বম/মস. এখন ১ মসয়কয়ে মগয়ল
১৮ ৩ ৩ 3km/hr. what is the speed of a man in still water ?
৬৫
৬০ মসয়কয়ে যায়ি × ৬০ = ১৩০০ যায়ত মেন + টায়নল Solution:
৩
আয়ে, তাই শুধু টায়নয়লর দদঘথয ১৩০০ - ৮০০ = ৫০০ Let, the speed in still water xkm/hr
∴Downstream speed = 𝑥 + 3
5. A train passes a platform in 40 sec and a woman & upstream speed = 𝑥 − 3
standing on the platform in 30 sec, If the speed of ATQ,
the train is 108 km/hr, what is the length of the ሺ𝑥 + 3ሻ × 1 = ሺ𝑥 − 3ሻ × 1.5 [অনু কূয়ল যাওয়া মমাট পথ
platform? প্রবতকূয়ল যাওয়া মমাট পথ]
৫ ⇒ 𝑥 + 3 = 1.5𝑥 − 4.5 − 0.5𝑥 = −7.5. 𝑥
Solution: মেয়নর গবতয়িগ =১০৮০ × = ৩০
১৮ = 15𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
বমটার/মসয়কে
So, the speed in still water = 15km/hr
এখন মেনবট ৩০ মসয়কয়ে যখন মবহলায়ক অবতক্রম কয়র
তখন তার বনয়ের দদঘথয যায় 9. Rahima can row 16 km/hr in still water. It takes
আিার মেনবট ৪০ মসয়কয়ে যখন প্লাটফমথ অবতক্রম কয়র তখন her thrice as long to row up as to row down the
তার বনয়ের দদয়ঘথযর সায়থ প্লাটফয়মথর দদঘথয অবতক্রম কয়র। river. Find the difference between her speed in still
তাহয়ল মেনবট ৪০-৩০ = ১০ মসয়কয়ে শুধু প্লাটফয়মথর দদঘথয water and that of the stream?
অবতক্রম কয়র। Solution:
মেনবটর ১০ মসয়কে যাওয়া এই পথই হয়ে ঐ প্লাটফয়মথর Let, the speed of Stream = x, So, downstream speed
দদঘথয। = 16+x and upstream speed = 16-x
মযয়হতু মেনবট ১ মসয়কয়ে ৩০ বমটার যায় তাহয়ল ১০
মসয়কয়ে যায়ি ৩০×১০ = ৩০০ বমটার।

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

6. At the rate of 'm' meters per 's' seconds, how

Speed, Time & Distance many meters does a cyclist travel in 'x' minutes?
Solution:
❖ Easy Level m
Speed = , Time = x min = 60x sec.
s
60mx
1. 10 minutes after a plane leaves the airport, it is ∴ Distance =
s
reported to be 40 miles away. What is the average 7. A boy goes to school at a speed of 5 km/h and
speed in miles per hour of the plane? returns to the village at a speed of 4 km/h. If he
Solution: takes 4 hours and 30 minutes in all, what is the
In 10 minutes the plane goes = 40 miles distance between the village and the school?
∴ 60 min/1 hours goes = 40 × 6 = 240 miles. Solution:
9
2. How many miles can a motorist travel from 9.55 Let, Distance be x km, Time = 4.5 hrs =
2
am to 10:15 am at a speed of 40 miles per hour? x
+ =
x 9
Solution: 5 4 2
Total Time = 10.15 − 9.55 = 20 minute = ∴ x = 10 km
1
hour 8. Two motorists drove their cars at a speed at 45
3
Distance = Speed × Time = 40 × 1/3 = km per hour and 50 km per hour respectively. One
13.33 mile car took 10 minutes longer than the other to travel
a distance. Find the distance travelled.
3. A fire broke out in a garments factory. How Solution:
many minutes would it take for a fire truck to go to Let, Distance be x km
the fire 10 miles away. If it travels at a rate of 20 x
− =
x 10
mph ? 45 50 60
Solution: ∴ x = 75 km
Dis tan ce 10 1
Time = = hr Or hr = hr = 30 min 9. With a uniform speed, a car covers a distance in
Speed 20 2
8 hours. Had the speed been increased by 4 km/hr
4. Roni can walk a certain distance in 40 days when the same distance could have been covered in 7
he rests 9 hours a day. How long will he take to hours and 30 minutes. What is the distance
walk twice the distance, twice as fast and rest covered?
twice as long each day? Solution:
Solution: Let, Distance be x km
Time= (24-9) = 15hr x x
− =4
Let, Speed be p km/hr. 7.5 8
Distance = 40×15×p= 600p km ∴ x = 480 km
For taking twice rest, time = (24-9 × 2) = 6 hr 10. A person walking 5/6 of his usual rate is 40
Twice the speed = 2p km/hr.. minutes late. What is his usual time?
Distance in 1 day 6×2p = 12p km Solution:
2×600P Let, Distance be x km, Usual speed be 5 & New
Required time= days= 100 days
12p Speed be 6 kmph
x x 2
5. If a person walks at 14 km/hr instead of 10 − =
5 6 3
km/hr, he can cover 20 km more. The actual 10
∴x= hrs or 3 hrs 20 min
distance travelled by him is? 3

Solution:
Speed difference = 14 − 10 = 4 kmph
Difference is 4 then actual distance = 10 km
10×20
D𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 20𝑘𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 =
4
= 50 km

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

11. Two bikes start at the same time from to 16. Luke drives the first 300 miles of a trip at 60
destination 300 km apart and travel towards each miles an hour. How fast does he have to drive, in
other. If they cross each other at a distance of 130 miles per hour, on the final 200 miles of the trip if
km from one of the destinations, what is the ratio the total time of the trip is to equal 7 hours?
of their speeds ? Solution:
Solution: Time taken in first 300 miles = 300 ÷ 60 =
Let, distance travelled by one bike is 130 km 5 hrs.
So, the other bike goes 300 − 130 = 170 km Remaining time = 7 − 5 = 2 hrs
Since the ratio of distance = ratio of speed Distance covered in 2 hour = 200 miles
So, speed ratio = 170: 130= 17:13 Distance covered in 1 hour = 200 ÷ 2 =
100 miles per hour.
12. Two men P and Q start from a place walking at
5 km/hr and 6.5 km/hr respectively. What is the ❖ Hard Math
time they will take to be 92 km apart, if they walk
in opposite directions? 17. A takes 2 hours more than B to walk d km, but
Solution: if A doubles his speed, then he can make it in 1
Let they will take x hours to be 92km apart. hour less than B. How much time does B required
∴ 5x + 6.5x = 92, x = 8 hrs for walking d km?
Solution:
13. A train starts from city Y at 2 PM and travels B takes = x hrs then A takes x + 2 hrs
towards city X at 75km/hr. Another train starts When A double his speed then time taken =
from city X at 1 PM and travels towards Y at x+2
hrs
2
60km/hr. If the distance between 1 these two x+2
cities is 330 km then at what time will they meet? Atq, x − = 1, ∴ x= 4 hrs
2
Solution:
18. A bus travels a distance of 315 km at a uniform
At 2pm distance between two trains = 330 −
speed. If the speed of the bus were 90% of the
60 = 270km
original speed, it would have taken 2.5 hours more
Relative speed of two trains = 60 + 75 =
to cover the same distance. The original speed
135 kmph
was-
Time taken to meet = 270 ÷ 135 = 2 hours
Solution:
So, the will meet at 2pm + 2hr = 4.00 PM
Let, the original speed x and new speed =
9x
14. Two trucks 300 km away are travelling towards 90% of x =
10
each other with a constant speed. Truck A is 315 315
Atq, 9x − = 2.5 ∴ x= 14 km/hrs
moving at constant speed of 70 km/h while Truck B 10
x
is moving at a constant speed of 50 km/h How long
does it take for them to meet? 19. A person travels a certain distance at 3 km/hr
Solution: and reaches 15 min late. If he travels at 4 km/hr,
Relative Speed of two trucks is = ሺ70 + he reaches 15 min earlier. The distance he has to
50ሻ km/h = 120 km/h travel is:
Time taken to meet = 300 ÷ 120 = 2.5 hours Solution:
Let, Distance be x km
15. A man covers a total distance of 100 km on Time difference = 15min + 15 min = 30 min
bicycle. For the first 2 hours, the speed was 20 X X 30
Atq, − = ∴ x= 6 km
3 4 60
km/hr and for the rest of the journey, it came
down to 10 km/hr. The average speed will be? 20. Jashim and Imran start walking from A to B at
Solution: 5km and 3 km per hour respectively. Jashim
Distance covered by man in first 2 hrs = 2 × 20 reaches B and starts back for A. How far from B will
= 40 𝑘𝑚 he meet Imran if the distance between A and B is
Remaining distance = ሺ100 − 40ሻ = 60 km 32 km?
Time to cover this 60 km with 10 kmh= 60 Solution:
÷10=6 hrs Let, Jasim will meet Imran x km from B
Total distance 100 32+X 32−X
∴ Average speed= = =12.5 kmph Atq, = ∴ x= 8 km
Total Time 2+6 5 3

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

21. If a man cycles at 10 km/hr, then he arrives at a 25. A driver of an auto rickshaw sees a lorry 60 m
certain place at 1 pm. If he cycles at 15 km/hr, ahead of him. After 30 second the lorry is 90 m
arrives at the same place at 11 am. At what speed behind. If the speed of the auto rickshaw is 38
must he cycles to go there at noon? km/hr, then what is the speed of the lorry?
Solution: Solution: In 30 sec total Distance = 90 + 60 =
Let, The distance of the place be x km 150m
Difference of time = 1 PM − 11 AM = 2 hours. 150
Relative speed = = 5m/s = 18km/hr
X X 30
Atq, − = 2 ∴ 𝑥 = 60 km Let, the speed of the lorry = x
10 15
So, to reach at noon or 12 P.M, total time needed= ATQ, 38 − x =18
12 P.M. - 7 A.M = 5hours. ∴x= 20kmph
Therefore, speed should be = 60÷5 = 12km/hr
26. A and B go cycling in the same direction with
22. A train went 300km from City X to City Y at an speeds of 6 km/hr and 12 km/hr. A car from behind
average speed of 100km/hr. At what speed did it passes them in 9 and 10 seconds respectively.
travel on the way back if its average speed for the What is the speed of the car?
whole trip was 120 km/h? Solution: Let, the speed of the car = x km/hr
Solution: Total distance 300 + 300 = 600 ATQ, 9ሺx − 36ሻ =10(x-12)
Total time to make the average speed 120 km/h ∴x= 66kmph
is 600 ÷ 120 = 5hours.
27. In covering a certain distance, the speeds of A
The time finished for going 300 ÷ 100 = 3 hours.
and B are in the ratio of 3:4 takes 30 minutes more
Time left 5hr − 3hr = 2hr
than B to reach the destination. The time taken by
So speed for return is 300 ÷ 2 = 150 km/hr.
A to reach the destination is?
23. An airplane flies along the four sides of a Solution: Speed ratio of A and B = 3: 4
square at the speeds of 200, 400, 600 and 800 So, time ration of A and B = 4: 3
km/hr. Find the average speed of the plane around Let, the time taken by A & B = 4x and 3x
30
the field. ATQ 4x − 3x =
60
Solution: Let each side of the square be x km ∴x = 0.5. A takes = 4x0.5 hrs = 2.0 hrs
the average speed of the plane around the field
= y km/hr. 28. Two trains, X and Y, started simultaneously
𝑋 𝑋 𝑋 𝑋 4𝑥 from opposite ends of a 100-mile route and
ATQ, =
200 400 600 800 𝑦
∴ 𝑦 = 384 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ
traveled toward each other on parallel tracks. Train
X, travelling at a constant rate, completed the 100-
24. Two buses start from a bus terminal with a mile trip in 5 hours; Train Y, travelling at a constant
speed of 20 km/h at interval of 10 minutes.What is rate, completed the 100-mile trip in 3 hours. How
The speed of a man coming from the opposite many miles had Train X traveled when it met Train
direction towards the bus terminal if he meets the Y?
buses at interval of 8 minutes? Solution: Time ratio of X and Y is 5: 3,
Solution: Let, Speed of the man = x kmph So. Speed ratio = 3: 5
Relative speed = 20 + x kmph Relative speed of X: Y = 3 + 5 = 8
20km 10 Time travelled by them is 100 ÷ 8 = 12.5hrs
Distance covered at in 10mins = km
hr 3 So, Distance traveled by X = 3 × 12.5 = 37.5km
ATQ,
10
3 8
=
20+x 60
∴x= 5kmph

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

❖ Written Practice

29. A train left 30 minutes later than the schedule

time and to reach its destination in time it
increased its speed by 250 km/hr. If the target is
1500 km away, find the speed of the train?
Solutio𝐧: Let the usual speed of the train
= x km/hr
250km
New speed of the train = x +
hr
1500 1500 30
ATQ, − =
x x+20 60
∴ x = 750 km/hr

30. A train leaving Dhaka at 6 am reaches

Mymensingh at 10 am and another train leaving
Mymensingh at 7 am reaches Dhaka at 12 noon. At
what time the two trains running in opposite
direction should meet?
Solution: Let, distance between Dhaka and
Mymensingh = x mile
x
Speed of first train = miles/hr
4
x
Speed of second train = miles/hr
5
Let, after y hrs first train leaving, two trains meet
x x
ATQ, y × + y − 1 × = x
4 5
8
∴ y = hrs = 2 hrs 40 min
3
∴ At (6am + 2hr 40 min) or 8.40 am two train
will meet
31. P starts jogging form point X to point Y. 30
minutes later his friend R who jogs 1 km/hr slower
than twice P's rate starts from the same point and
follows the same path, if R overtakes P in 2 hours,
how many kilometers will R have covered?
Solution: Let, speed of P jogger = x kmph
Speed of R jogger = 2x − 1 kmph
4
ATQ, 2.5x = 2 2x − 1 ∴ x =
3
10
Distance covered by R in 2 hour = 2 2x − 1 =
3
= 3.33 km

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

9. 𝐈𝐟 𝐦 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭

Exponent 𝐦𝐧 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐦 − 𝟏 𝐧+𝟏 𝐢𝐬 ?
Solution: mn = 121 = 112 ∴ m = 11 and n = 2
❖ Important Formulae Now, m − 1 n+1 = 11 − 1 2+1 = 103 = 1000
or, mn = 121 = 121 1 ∴ m = 121 and n = 1
❑ 𝑎0 = 1, 𝑎1 = 𝑎, Now, m − 1 n+1 = 121 − 1 1+1 = 1202 =
❑ 𝑎𝑛+𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛 . 𝑎𝑚 14400
𝑎𝑚
❑ = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 𝐈𝐟 𝟒𝐱+𝟏 = 𝟑𝟐 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐱 =?
𝑎𝑛
n 𝑚 Solution: 4x+1 = 32
❑ 𝑎𝑚 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛 am ≠ 𝑎 𝑛 ≠ 𝑎𝑚𝑛 or, 22 x+1 = 25
𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 or, 22x+2 = 25
❑ 𝑎𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 . 𝑏 𝑛 এিং =
𝑏 𝑏𝑛 or, 2x + 2 = 5
❑ 𝑎 −𝑛 =
1 or, 2x = 5 − 2 = 3
𝑎𝑛 3
1 ∴x=
𝑛 2
❑ 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑛
𝑛
𝑚 𝟏𝟎. 𝐈𝐟 𝟒𝐱+𝐲 = 𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟒𝐱−𝐲 = 𝟒, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟
❑ 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎 𝑛 𝐱 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐲 𝐚𝐫𝐞?
❑ 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛 হয়ল, 𝑚 = 𝑛 Solution: Here, 4x+y = 1 = 40 , ∴ x + y = 0 … i
❑ 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑏 𝑚 হয়ল 𝑎 = 𝑏 and, 4x−y = 41 , ∴ x − y = 1 … … ii
1
By adding i and ii we get 2x = 1, ∴ x =
2
1. 𝐈𝐟 𝐚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝟒 = ? 1 1
Solution: Given that a2 = 12, ⇒ a2 2 = 122 Now, putting x = in i we get y = −
2 2
∴ a4 = 144
𝐩 𝐧−𝟏 𝐪 𝐧−𝟑
𝟏𝟏. 𝐈𝐟 = 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 𝐢𝐬 −
2. 𝟏𝟕 𝟑.𝟓 × 𝟏𝟕 ? = 𝟏𝟕𝟖 𝐪 𝐩
p n−1 q n−3
Solution: Given that, 17 3.5 × 17 ? = 178 Solution: =
q p
? 178
⇒ 17 = = 17ሺ8−3.5ሻ = 174.5 q 1−n q n−3
173.5 or, =
∴? = 4.5 p p
or, 1 − n = n − 3
𝟐 or, 2n = 4 ∴ n = 2
3. 𝟐𝐱 −𝟏 × 𝐱 −𝟓
𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨?
Solution: Given that, 2x −1 2 × x −5 = 4𝑥 −2 × 𝑥 −5 𝟏𝟐. 𝐈𝐟 𝟐𝟐𝐱−𝟔 = 𝟑𝟐𝐱−𝟔 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 𝐢𝐬 −
= 4𝑥 −7 Solution: 22x−6 = 32x−6
22x−6
4. 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙 =? or, =1
32x−6
Solution: Given that, 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 3. 3𝑥 = 31+𝑥 2 2x−6 2 0
or, =
3 3
5. 𝟓−𝟑 + 𝟓−𝟑 + 𝟓−𝟑 + 𝟓−𝟑 + 𝟓−𝟑 =? or, 2x − 6 = 0
Solution: Given that, 5−3 + 5−3 + 5−3 + 5−3 + or, 2x = 6, ∴ x = 3
5−3 = 5. 5−3 = 5−2
𝟕𝐜
𝟕 13. 𝐈𝐟 𝟕𝐚 × 𝟕𝐛 = , what is d in terms of a, b & c?
6. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ÷ 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟖 =? 𝟕𝐝
7c
7 103
7
Solution: 7a × 7b = d
Solution: Given that, 1000 ÷ 1018 = = 7
1018 or, 7a+b = 7c−d
1021
= 103 = 1000 or, a + b = c − d, ∴ d = c − a − b
1018

7. 𝟏𝟎 𝟐 𝐢𝐬 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑𝐲 𝐲

14. 𝐈𝐟 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 = 𝐝 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 =?
102 102 102 𝟓
Solution: = 1 3
= 1 = 102 × 106 = 108 1 3y
0.01 3 Solution: = 0.008
100 106 5
1 3y 1 3
8. 𝐈𝐟 𝟐𝐧 = 𝟔𝟒, 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐧. or, = ,
5 5
Solution: 2n = 64, 𝑜𝑟, 2𝑛 = 642 , 𝑜𝑟, 2𝑛 = 26 2 ∴ 3y = 3, or y = 1.
𝑜𝑟, 2𝑛 = 212 , ∴ 𝑛 = 12 Now, 0.25 y = 0.25 1 = 0.25

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

𝟐𝒏 +𝟐𝒏−𝟏
𝟏𝟓. =? Logarithm
𝟐𝒏+𝟏 −𝟐𝒏
2n 1 3
2n +2n−1 2n + 2n ሺ1+ ሻ 3
2 2 2
Solution: = = = =
2n+1 −2n 2n .2−2n 2n ሺ2−1ሻ 1 2 ❖ Important Formulae
𝟏𝟔. 𝐈𝐟 𝐚𝐱 = 𝐛, 𝐛 𝐲
= = 𝐜, 𝐜 𝐳 ❑ 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑛 হয়ল, 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑛
𝐚 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱𝐲𝐳
Solution: ax = b ❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑥 হয়ল, 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑏 ሺ𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1, 𝑎 >
or, c z x = b 0 এিং 𝑎 ≠ 0ሻ
or, b y zx = b ❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 1 = 0 ሺ𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1ሻ
or, b xyz = b1 ∴ xyz = 1
❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 = 1 ሺ𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1ሻ
𝟏
𝟏𝟕. 𝐈𝐟 𝟐𝟐𝐱+𝟏 = 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 𝐢𝐬 − ❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀 × 𝑁 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑁
𝟖𝐱−𝟑
1
Solution: 22x+1 = 𝑀
8x−3 ❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑁
1 𝑁
or, 22x+1 = 3x−9
2x+1
2 ❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀
or, 2 = 29−3x
or, 2x + 1 = 9 − 3x ❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀 𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀
8 𝑚
or, 5x = 8 ∴ x = ❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑚 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏
5 𝑛
𝟏𝟖. 𝐈𝐟 𝟒𝐚 + 𝟒𝐚+𝟏 = 𝟒𝐚+𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝟔, what is the value of ❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑀 × 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏
𝐚? 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑀
Solution: 4a + 4a+1 = 4a+2 − 176 ❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎
or, 4a + 4a . 4 − 4a . 42 = −176 1
❑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 =
or, 4a 1 + 4 − 16 = −176 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎
−176
or, 4a = = 16 = 42 , ∴ a = 2 ❑ 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑏
−11
❑ 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥
19. 𝐈𝐟 𝟑𝐱 − 𝟑𝐱−𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 𝐱 𝐢𝐬:
Solution: 3x − 3x−1 = 18
3x
or, 3x − = 18
3 1. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟖𝟏 =?
or, 3.3x − 3x = 3.18
Solution: log 3 34 = 4 × log 3 3 = 4 × 1 = 4
or, 2.3x = 54
54
3x = = 27 = 33 , ∴ x = 3 2. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟖𝟏 =?
2
2×4
Now, x x = 33 = 27 Solution: log 3 34 = log 3 3
20. 𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟎.𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟔 𝟎.𝟏𝟖 =? = 8 × log 3 3=8
Solution: 256 0.16 × 16 0.18 𝟏
= 162 0.16 × 16 0.18 = 16 0.32 × 16 0.18 3. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 =?
𝟑𝟐
= 16 0.32+0.18 = 16 0.5 = 16 = 4 Solution: log 2 32−1 = log 2 25 −1

21. 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒 −𝟏.𝟓 =? = −5 × log 2 2 = −5

Solution: 0.04 −1.5 = 0.2 2 −1.5 = 0.2 −3
4. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖 𝟐 =?
2 −3 1 −3 5 3
= = = = 53 = 125 1 1 1
10 5 1 Solution: log 8 2 = log 23 2 = × log 2 2 = × 1 =
3 3 3
22. 𝐈𝐟 𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 5. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝟎 =?
𝟐𝐫 𝟒𝐬 = 𝟏𝟔, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝟐𝐫 + 𝐬 =?
2
Solution: 2r 4s = 16 Solution: log 2 5 2 5 = 2 × log 2 52 5=2
𝑜𝑟, 2𝑟 . 22𝑠 = 24 𝟏
𝑜𝑟, 2𝑟+2𝑠 = 24 6. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑𝟐𝟒 =?
∴ 𝑟 + 2𝑠 = 4 −1 −4
∵ r and s are positive integers Solution: log 3 2 324 = log 3 2 3 2
So, 𝑟 = 2 & 𝑠 = 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑟 + 2𝑠 = 2 + 2 × 1 = 4 = −4 × log 3 23 2 = −4
∴ 2𝑟 + 𝑠 = 2 × 2 + 1 = 5

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

𝟑
7. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟓 =? 𝟏
17. log 𝐱 = −𝟐, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱?
𝟗
1
1 1 1 1
Solution: log 5 53 = × log 5 5 = Solution: x −2 = , or, x −2 =
3 3 9 32
8. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏 =? or, x −2 = 3−2 ∴ x = 3
Solution: log10 10−3 = −3 × log10 10 = −3
𝟏
9. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓
𝟑
𝟓. 𝟓 =? 18. 𝐈𝐟 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖𝐱 = 𝟑 , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞
𝟑
1 1 1 1 𝐨𝐟 𝐱?
Solution: log 5 53 × 52 = log 5 53+2
10
5 Solution: log 8x =
5 5 3
= log 5 5 = × log 5 5 =
6
10
6 6 1 10 5 5
1𝟎. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐞 =? 𝐞𝟐 or, x = 8 3
= 82 × 3 = 23 3 = 23×3 = 25 = 32
Solution: log 2 log e e2 = log 2 log e e 4 19. 𝐈𝐟 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚𝐱 = 𝟏, 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚𝐲 = 𝟐 & 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚𝐳 = 𝟑 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧,
= log 2 4 log e e = log 2 22 = 2 × log 2 2 = 2 𝐱𝟑 𝐲𝟐
log 𝐚 =?
11. 𝟐𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟐 𝟑+𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟐 𝟓 =? 𝐳
Solution: 2log2 3×5 = 2log2 15 = 15 [aloga b = b] Solution: Here, x = a, y = a2 & z = a3
2
12. 𝐈𝐟 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝐱 = 𝟑 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱? x3 y2 a3 × a2
Given that: log a = log a
Solution: log10 x = 3 z a3
4
Or, x = 103 = 1000 = log a a = 4 × log a a = 4
13. 𝐈𝐟 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱 𝟒 = 𝟐 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱?
Solution: log x 4 = 2 20. 𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 =?
Or, x 2 = 4, ∴ x = 4 = 2 Solution: log 23 + log 5 = log 8 + log 5
14. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝟓 𝟒𝟎𝟎 = 𝐱, then what is the value of x? = log 8 × 5 = log 40
4
Solution: log 2 5 2 5 = x 21. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝟔𝟒 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝟖 =?
or 4 × log 2 5 2 5 = x Solution: log 2 26 + log 2 23 = 6 log 2 2 + 3 log 2 2
or, 4 × 1 = x =6+3=9
∴x=4 22. 𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝟏 𝟐𝟒 × 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑𝟑 =?
15. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱 = 𝟑, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱? 4 2
𝟐𝟕
1 Solution: log 2 2 × log 3 3
Solution: = x3
27
1 = 4 log 2 2 × 2 log 3 3= 4×2= 8
or x 3 = 3
3
3 𝟓 𝟑
1 23. 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕. 𝟕 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟑 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟒 𝟐 = ?
or, x 3 = 1 1 1 1
3 Solution: log 7 75 × 72 − log 3 33 + log 4 42
1
∴x= 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 = log 7 75+2 − log 3 3 + log 4 4 = + − +
𝟏
16. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱 = −𝟒, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱? 3 2 5 2 3 2
𝟖𝟏
Solution: x −4 =
1 6 + 15 − 10 + 15 26 13
81 = = =
1 30 30 15
or, x −4 = 4
3 24. 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒂𝒂 . 𝒃𝒃 . 𝒄𝒄 = 𝟎 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝒂𝒂 . 𝒃𝒃 . 𝒄𝒄 =?
or, x −4 = 3−4
∴x=3 Solution: log 𝑎𝑎 . 𝑏 𝑏 . 𝑐 𝑐 = 0
17.𝐈𝐟 log 𝐚 𝟐 = 𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 log a 𝟓 = 𝐛 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 log a 𝟓𝟎 =? or, log aa . bb . c c = log 1
Solution: log 𝑎 𝟓𝟎 = log 𝒂 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟐 ∴ aa . bb . c c = 1
= log 𝑎 𝟐 + log 𝑎 𝟓𝟐 = log 𝑎 𝟐 + 𝟐log 𝑎 𝟓 = 𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃

66
BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52
Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

25. 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝟑𝟔 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 =?

Solution: log10 52 × log10 36 − log10 9
25×36
= log10 = log10 100 = 2
9

𝟐
26. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝟔 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 =?
𝟑

2
Solution: log 2 6 × = log 2 2 = 1
3
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑𝟔
27. =?
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔
log 62 2 log 6
Solution: = =2
log 6 log 6
28. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝟏𝟔 =?
Solution: log 2 log 2 log 2 16 = log 2 log 2 log 2 24
= log 2 log 2 4 . 1 = log 2 log 2 22 = log 2 2 . 1 = 1
𝐚𝟑 𝐛𝟑 𝐛𝟑 𝐜 𝟑 𝐜𝟑 𝐝𝟑
29. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 − 𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛𝟐 𝐜 =?
𝐜𝟑 𝐝𝟑 𝐚𝟑
3
a 3 b3 b3 c3 c3d
Solution: log × × 3 − log b2 c 3
c3 d3 a
= log b6 c 3 − log b6 c 3 = 0

30. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚 𝐛 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛 𝐜 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐜 𝐚 =?

2 2 2
Solution: log a b × log b c × log c a
= 2 log a b × 2 log b c × 2 log c a
= 2 × 2 × 2 × log a b × log b c × log c a
log b log c log a
= 8× × × = 8×1=8
log a log b log c
𝐚𝐛
31. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚 𝐚𝐚 =?
Solution: log a log a a ab = log a ab = b log a a = b
𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐧 𝐜𝐧
32. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐤 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐤 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐤 =?
𝐛𝐧 𝐜𝐧 𝐚𝐧
an bn cn
Solution: log k × × = log k 1 = 0
bn cn an
33. 𝐩 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚 𝐛𝐜 হলে, 𝐩 + 𝟏 =?
Solution: Here, p + 1 = log a ሺbcሻ + 1
= log a bc + log a a = log a abc

67
BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52
Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

8. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐚 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐭𝐬

Equation 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝟕𝟐. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫?
Solution: Let, numbers be = x
❖ Primary Level ATQ, x 2 − x = 72
or, x 2 − x − 72 = 0
1. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝟑𝐱 −
or, x 2 + 8x − 9x − 72 = 0
𝟏𝟓 − 𝟔 = 𝟎?
or, x x + 8 − 9 x + 8 = 0
Solution: 3x − 15 − 6 = 0
or, x + 8 x − 9 = 0
or, 3x − 21 = 0
∴ x = −8 or 9
or, 3x = 21. ∴ x = 7
𝐱 9.𝐀𝐧𝐢𝐭 𝐡𝐚𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐨 𝐚 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐨𝐟
2. 𝐈𝐟 𝟐𝐱 − 𝐲 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 = 𝟑, 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐱 =?
𝐲 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟑𝟓 𝐚𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐫𝐬, 𝐬𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐨𝐨𝐤 𝟓𝟑. 𝐀𝐬
Solution: 2x − y = 10 … … … … … ሺiሻ 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐰𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐮𝐩 𝐛𝐲 𝟓𝟒𝟎. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞
x 𝑥
= 3, ∴ 𝑦 = … … … … … … … … 𝑖𝑖 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭?
y 3
𝑥 Solution: Let, numbers be = x
Putting the value 𝑦 = in i
𝑥
3 ATQ, 53𝑥 − 35𝑥 = 540
2𝑥 − = 10 𝑜𝑟, 18𝑥 = 540, ∴ 𝑥 = 30
3
𝑜𝑟, 6𝑥 − 𝑥 = 30 So, the new product = 53 × 30 = 1590
𝑜𝑟, 5𝑥 = 30 ∴ 𝑥 = 6
10.Find a number such, when 15 is subtracted from 7
𝟐 times the number, the result is 10 more
3. 𝐈𝐟 𝟒 𝒙 − = 𝟎, 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒙?
𝟑 than twice the number.
2 2 2
Solution: 4 𝑥 − = 0, 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 − = 0 ∴ 𝑥 = Solution: Let, numbers be = x
3 3 3
ATQ, 7𝑥 − 15 = 2𝑥 + 10
4. 𝐈𝐟 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏 2 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞
𝑜𝑟, 7𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 10 + 15 = 25
𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐱? 𝑜𝑟, 5𝑥 = 25, ∴ 𝑥 = 5
Solution: 2x − 1 2 = 100
or, 2x − 1 2 = ±10 2 ❖ Advanced Level
or, 2x − 1 = +10 or, 2x − 1 = −10
or, 2x = 11 or, 2x = −9 11. If Kabir gets 8 pounds, he will weight twice
11 9
∴x= or − as much as his sister. Together they now
2 2
weight 278 pounds. What is Kabir′s present
5. 𝒂𝟐+ 𝟑𝒂𝒃 = 𝟏𝟒𝟓, 𝐈𝐟 𝒂 = 𝟓, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 weight in pound?
𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒃𝟐 =? Solution: Let the weight of Kabir = x pounds,
Solution: 𝑎2 + 3𝑎𝑏 = 145 So, the weight of Kabir′s sister = 278 − x
𝑜𝑟, 52 + 3.5. 𝑏 = 145 According to the question, x − 8 = 2 278 − x
𝑜𝑟, 15𝑏 = 145 − 25 = 120 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 − 8 = 556 − 2𝑥
120 564
𝑜𝑟, 𝑏 = =8 𝑜𝑟, 3𝑥 = 564 ∴ 𝑥 = = 188 Pounds
15 3
∴ 𝑏 2 = 82 = 64 12. A sum of Tk. 312 was divided among 100 boys
𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 and girls in such a way that each boy gets tk. 3.60
6. 𝐈𝐟 = 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 =?
𝒚 𝟑 𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐 and each girl Tk. 2.40. The number of girls is:
𝑥 1
Solution: = Solution: Let the number girls = x
𝑦 3
𝑥2 1 So, the number of boys = 100 − x
𝑜𝑟, 2 = ATQ 2.4x + 3.6 100 − x = 312
𝑦 9
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 1+9 10 5 or, 2.4x + 360 − 3.6x = 312
∴ 2 2= = − =−
𝑥 −𝑦 1−9 8 4 or, −1.2x = −48 ∴ x = 40
7. 𝐈𝐟 𝒙 = 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒛 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝒚𝒛 = 𝟐𝟓𝟔, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 =? 13. 𝐀 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐮𝐲𝐬 𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐞𝐠𝐠𝐬 𝐚𝐭 𝐓𝐤. 𝟑 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡. 𝐇𝐞
𝑥
Solution: 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 2𝑧 ∴ 𝑧 = 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟐 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐤𝐞𝐧, 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬
2
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 256 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐭 𝐓𝐤. 𝟒 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟
𝑥 𝐓𝐤. 𝟗𝟔. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐞𝐠𝐠𝐬 𝐝𝐢𝐝 𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐲?
𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 × 𝑥 × = 256
2
Solution: Let, The grocer buys = x eggs
𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 3 = 256 × 2 = 512 = 83 ∴ 𝑥 = 8
ATQ, 4 x − 12 − 3x = 96 ∴ x = 144

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

14. A man's regular pay is Tk. 30 per bour up to 40 19. If a bookstore owner buys 15 books less for Tk.
hours. Overtime is twice the regular payment. If he 900 when the price of each book goes up by Tk. 3,
was paid 1680, how many hours overtime did he then find the original price of a book.
work? Solution: Let, original price of a book is = Tk. x
Solution: Let, Overtime work in = x hour 900 900
ATQ, − = 15
𝑥 𝑥+3
ATQ, 30 × 40 + 60 × x = 1680 60 60
⇒ 1200 + 60x = 1680 𝑜𝑟, − =1
𝑥 𝑥+3
60𝑥+180−60𝑥
⇒ 60x = 480 ∴ x = 8 𝑜𝑟, =1
𝑥ሺ𝑥+3ሻ
So, Overtime work = 8 hour 2
𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 180 = 0
15. Salam earns Tk. 8.50 per hour on days other 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 − 12𝑥 − 180 = 0
than Friday and twice than the rate on Friday. Last 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 𝑥 + 15 − 12 𝑥 + 15 = 0
week he worked a total of 50 hours including 8 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 + 15 𝑥 − 12 = 0
hours of Friday. What is his earning for the week? 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 = −15, 12
Solution: Others days income = 8.50 Tk. So, the original price of the bokk is Tk. 12.
and Friday′s income = 8.50 × 2 = 17 Tk. 20. One-third of Ratan's investment in National
Now, Friday′s income = 17 × 8 = Tk. 136 savings Certificate is equal to on-half of his
So, others days income = 8.50 × 50 − 8 = investment in FDR. If he has 1,50,000 as total
8.50 × 42 = Tk. 357 investment, how much in invested in savings
Total income of the week = Tk. ሺ136 + 357ሻ = certificate?
Tk. 493 Solution: Let, the saving certificate is = x
16. The total salary of X, Y and Z is Tk. 90,000. X and Investment in for FDR is = ሺ150000 − xሻ
x 150000−x
earns twice of what Z earns, and Y earns 1.5 times ATQ, =
3 2
of what Z earns, What is the salary of Z? or, 2x = 450000 − 3x
Solution: Let, salary of Z is = Tk. a. 450000
5x = 450000, ∴ x = = 90000
∴ Salary of x = Tk. 2a and Salary of Y = 1.5a 5
ATQ, 2a + 1.5a + a = 90000 So, The Savings certificate = Tk. 90000
90000
o𝑟, 4.5a = 90000, ∴ a = = 20000 21. One third of Aman's mark in Mathematics
4.5
exceeds a half marks in English by 30. If he got 240
17. 28 is divided into two parts such that 6 times marks in the two subjects together, how many
the first part added to 4 times the second part marks did he get in English?
makes 152. The first part is- Solution:
Solution: Let, the first part is = x. Let Aman′s marks in mathematics and Englishbe x
And 2nd part is = 28 − x and y.
ATQ, 6x + 4 28 − x = 152 x y
Then, − = 30, ∴ 2x − 3y = 180 … … … … i
3 2
or, 6x + 112 − 4x = 152
Again, x + y = 240 … … … … ii
or, 2x = 40 ∴ x = 20. So, first part = 20
By ii × 2 − i we get 5y = 300 ∴ y = 60
18. In an essay competition, a winner gets a prize So, Aman gets in english is 60 marks.
of Tk 100 and a participant who does notwin gets a
prize of Tk 25. The total prize money distributed is 22. In a group of buffaloes and ducks, the number
Tk. 3,000. Find the number of winners, if the total of legs is 24 more than twice the number of heads.
number of participants is 63. What is the number of buffaloes?
Solution: Let the winner participents = x Solution: Let, no. of Buffaloes x and no. of ducks y.
and not winner participents = 63 − x ATQ, 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 24
ATQ, 100x + 25 63 − x = 3000 𝑜𝑟, 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 24
100x + 1575 − 25x = 3000 𝑜𝑟, 2𝑥 = 24𝑥 ∴ 𝑥 = 12
75x = 3000 − 1575 = 1425
1425
So, Numbers of winner x = = 19
75

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

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Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

𝐚. 𝒙 < 𝟑
Inequality 𝐛. 𝒙 > 𝟑
𝐜. 𝒙 < 𝟓
❖ Primary Level 𝐝. 𝒙 > 𝟒
1. Solve the following inequality: −𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓 > 𝒙 − 𝟐 Solution: Here, x + y > 5 … … … … … i
Solution: −2x − 5 > x − 2 & x − y > 3 … … … … … ሺiiሻ
or, −2x − x > −2 + 5 From i + ii we get
or, −3x > 3 2x > 8 ∴ x > 4
∴ x < −1 8. Which of the following is equivalent to the pair
of inequaliti𝐞𝐬 𝐱 + 𝟔 > 𝟏𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐱 − 𝟑 ≤ 𝟓?
2. Solve the following inequality: −𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 ≥ −𝟑
𝐚. 𝟐 < 𝐱 < 𝟏𝟔
Solution: −2𝑥 − 1 ≥ −3
𝐛. 𝟐 ≤ 𝐱 < 𝟒
or − 2𝑥 ≥ −3 + 1
𝐜. 𝟐 < 𝐱 ≤ 𝟖
or, −2𝑥 ≥ −2 ∴ 𝑥 ≤ 1 𝐝. 𝟒 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟖
3. Solve the following inequality: 𝟕 − 𝟑𝒙 < 𝟐 Solution: Here, x + 6 > 10 ∴ x > 4
Solution: 7 − 3x < 2 and x − 3 ≤ 5 ∴ x ≤ 8
or, −2 < 7 − 3x < 2 From both the result we can write 4 < x ≤ 8
or, −2 − 7 < 7 − 7 − 3x < 2 − 7 ❖ Advanced Level
or, −9 < −3x < 5
or, 9 > 3x > 5 9. 𝐈𝐟 𝐱 > 𝟎, 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 the least possible value for
5 𝟏
∴3>x> 𝐱+
3 𝐱
Solution: Here, 𝑥 > 0
4. 𝐱 < 𝐲, 𝐲 < 𝐳 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐳 > 𝐰 which of the following 1 1
statements is always true? if x = 1, then x + = 1 + = 2
x 1
1
𝐚. 𝐱 = 𝐲 𝐛. 𝐱 < 𝐳 𝐜. 𝐱 > 𝐳 𝐝. 𝐱 > 𝐲 Again, if x > 1 then x + > 2
x
Solution: x < y and y < z So, x < y < z but x > w 1
And, 0 < x < 1 then x + >2
∴x<𝑧 x
1
So, the least possible value of x + = 2
5. If an integer y is subtracted from an integer 10. 𝐈𝐟 𝟎 < 𝐱 ≤ 𝟏, then which one of x the following
x, and the result is greater than x, then y must is the maximum value of ሺ𝐱 − 𝟏ሻ² + 𝐱?
be- Solution: 0 < x < 1 অথথ x এর মান ০ এর মথয়ক
𝐚. 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐱 িড় বকন্তু ১ এর মথয়ক মোট অথথাৎ ধনাত্মক ভগ্াংি অথিা ১ এর সমান।
𝐛. 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐱 এখন, x − 1 2
𝐜. 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝟎 + x এর সয়িথাচ্চ মান যা ই মহাক বকন্তু ঋণাত্মক
𝐝. 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝟎 হয়ি না। কারণ x ধনাত্মক।
Solution: Here, x − y > x x = 1 িবসয়য় পাই x − 1 2 + x = 1 − 1 2 + 1 = 1
or, x − y − x > x − x আিার, x = 0.5 িবসয়য় পাই x − 1 2 + x =
or, −y > 0 ∴ y < 0 0.5 − 1 2 + −0.5 = −0.25
6. 𝐈𝐟 𝟓 > 𝐱 > 𝟐 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟏𝟎 > 𝐲 > 𝟕, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡
𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞? আয়স।
11. 𝐈𝐟 𝟎 ≤ 𝐱 ≤ 𝟒 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐲 < 𝟔, which of the following
𝐚. 𝐱 𝟐 𝐲 − 𝐱𝐲 𝟐 cannot be the value of 𝐱𝐲?
𝐛. 𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝒂. −𝟐 𝒃. 𝟎 𝒄. 𝟔 𝒅. 𝒏𝒐𝒏𝒆
𝐜. 𝟒𝒙𝒚 − 𝒙𝟐𝒚 Solution: 𝑦 < 6 অথথাৎ 𝑦 এর মান হয়ত পায়র 5,4,3,
𝐝. 𝟒𝒙𝒚 − 𝒙𝒚𝟐 2,1 িা 0 অথিা ময মকান ঋণাত্বক সংখযা।
Solution: Here, 5 > x > 2 &10 > y > 7
আিার ሺ0 ≤ x ≤ 4 অথথাৎ x এর মান এর 0 সমান িা িড়
So, y > x ∴ y 2 > x 2
বকন্তু 4 এর সমান িা মোট হয়ি অথথৎ 0,1,2,3,4 হয়ত পায়র।
or, xy 2 > x 2 y
এখন, y = −1 এিং x = 2 হয়ল xy = −2
∴ xy 2 − x 2 y > 0
y = 0, এিং x = 2 হয়ল 𝑥𝑦 = 0
7. 𝐈𝐟 𝐱 + 𝐲 > 𝟓 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐱 − 𝐲 > 𝟑. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 y = 3, এিং x = 2 হয়ল xy = 6
𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 অথথাৎ বভন্ন বভন্ন মান বনয়ল এই সংখযার সিগুয়লাই 𝑥𝑦 এর মান হয়ত পায়র
𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱. 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑑

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

12. If x is an integer and y = -2x-8, what is the least

value of x for which y is less than 9?
Solution: y < 9 Since y is less than 9
or, −2x − 8 < 9
or, −2x < 17
or, x ≻ −8.5
অথথাৎ x এর মান − 8.5 এর মথয়ক িড় পূ ণথ সংখযা = −৪
13. If x and y are positive integers, each greater
than 1, and if 𝟏𝟑 𝐱 − 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟕 𝐲 − 𝟏 ,
what is the least possible value of ሺ𝐱 + 𝐲ሻ?
Solution: 13 𝑥 − 1 = 17 𝑦 − 1
17 𝑦 − 1
𝑥= + 1……………… 𝑖
13
এখন, 𝑥 মযয়হতু একবট ধনাত্বক পূ ণথ সংখযা তাই 𝑦 এর মান এমন
একবট সংখযা ধরয়ত হয়ি যায়ত কাটাকাবট কয়র ভগ্াংি না আয়স।
আিার মযয়হতু সংখযািয়য়র ক্ষুদ্রতম সমবি মির করার কথা িলা
হয়য়য়ে তাই সিয়থয়ক মোট সংখযাবটই বনয়ত হয়ি।
𝑖 এ 𝑦 = 14 িসায়ল
17 14−1
𝑥−1=
13
17 14−1
𝑥= +1 = 17 + 1 = 18
13
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 18 + 14 = 32

14. M is older than N but younger than O, If m, n

and o are the ages of M, N and O respectively,
then which of the following is true?
𝒂. 𝒎 < 𝒏 < 𝟎
𝒃. 𝒏 < 𝒎 < 𝟎
𝒄. 𝒐 < 𝒏 < 𝒎
𝒅. 𝒐 < 𝒎 < 𝒏
Solution:
Here, M is older than N but younger than O
So, M will be in the middle of N and O Such as n
<m<0

15. 𝐈𝐟 𝐱 ≥ 𝟖 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐲 ≤ 𝟑, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞

𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞?
𝒂. 𝒙 + 𝒚 ≥ 𝟓

Solution: 𝑇𝑟𝑦 𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓.

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

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Series ❖ Advanced Level

7. The sum of all even natural numbers between 1
❖ Primary Level and 31 is;
1. What is the sum of the following series? Solution:
𝟏 + 𝟐 + 𝟑 + 𝟒 + 𝟓 + 𝟔 + ⋯ … … … … … + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 Since it is a even number series, the series
n n+1 is: 2 + 4 + 6 + ⋯ … … … . . 30
Solution: Sum of n numbers = 30+2
2 Here, average of number from 2 to 30: = 16
100 100+1 100×101 2
= = = 5050 and there are 15 even numbers from 2 to 30.
2 2
so the sum = 16 × 15 = 240.
2. H𝐨𝐰 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝟓 +
𝟑𝟎 + ⋯ … … … … + 𝟏𝟒𝟎? 8. What is the sum of the numbers from 1 to 50?
last term−1st term Solution:
Solution: Number of terms = + 1 nሺlast term+1st termሻ
Difference
140−20 Sum of a arithmetic series:
= + 1 = 24 + 1 = 25 2
5 here, n = total number = 50, L = 50 and a = 1,
3. How many terms of A.P. 21, 18, 15, 12……must 50+1
So, Sum = 50 × ⇒ 25 × 51 ⇒ 1275.
be taken to give the sum zero? 2

Solution: Here 1st term, a = 21; 9. The sum of fourth and twelfth term of an
common difference, d = 18 − 21 = −3 arithmetic progression is 20. What is the sum of
Let, Sum of nth term = 0 the first fifteen terms of that arithmetic
n progression;
or, {2a + n − 1 d = 0
2
or, 2 × 21 + n − 1 × −3 = 0 Solution: Here, 4th term = a + 3d
or, 42 − 3n + 3 = 0 and 12th term = a + 11d
or, 3n = 45 ∴ n = 15 so the sum 4th term + 12th term = a + 3d + a +
11d ⇒ 2a + 14d = 20
4. The sum of 1st 17 terms of the series 5, 9, 13, 17, 15
……………is- Now, the sum of 15 terms = 2a + 14d
2
15
Solution: Here 1st term, a = 5; = × 20 = 150.
2
common difference, d = 9 − 5 = 4
n 10. How many terms of Arithmetic Progression
Let, Sum of 17 term = 2a + n − 1 d
17
2
17
(A.P) 21, 18, 15, 12,… must be taken to give the
= 2 × 5 + 17 − 1 × 4 = 10 + 64 = 629 sum zero?
2 2
𝑛
5. The 2nd and 3rd term of a geometric series are 9 Solution: {2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑} = 0
2
𝑛
and 3 respectively. The 5th term of the series is- ⇒ 2 × 21 + 𝑛 − 1 × −3
2
Solution: 𝑛
⇒ 42 − 3𝑛 + 3 = 0
2
Let, 1st term be a and common difference be r.
⇒ 45𝑛 − 3𝑛2 = 0 ⇒ 15 − 𝑛 = 0 ⇒ 𝑛 = 15.
2nd term = ar 2−1 = ar = 9 … … … i
and, 3rd term ar 3−1 = ar 2 = 3 … … … … ii 11. What is the difference between the sixth and
Now, i ÷ ii we get, the fifth terms of the sequence 2, 4, 7,…whose 𝒏𝒕𝒉
ar 9 1 1 term is 𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 ?
= , or, = 3 ∴ r =
ar2 3 r 3 Solution: Since nth term = n + 2n−1
Putting the value of r in equation i 6th term = 6 + 26−1 = 6 + 25 = 6 + 32 = 38
1
a × = 9 ∴ a = 27 5th term = 5 + 25−1 = 5 + 24 = 5 + 16 = 21
3
1 5 1 ∴ Difference of 6th term and 5th term = 38 −
∴ The 6th term = ar 6−1 = ar 5 = 27 × =
3 9 21 = 17
6. If the first and sixth term of a geometric series
12. If a+1, 2a+1, 4a-1 are in arithmetic progression
are respectively ½ and 1/64 then the common ratio
then the value of ‘a’ is-
is-
Solution: ATQ, ሺ4𝑎-1ሻ-ሺ2𝑎+1ሻ = ሺ2𝑎+1ሻ-ሺ𝑎+1ሻ
Solution: Let, 1st term a = 1/2……….. (i),Ratio = r
𝑜𝑟, 4𝑎 − 1 − 2𝑎 − 1 = 2𝑎 + 1 − 𝑎 − 1
∴ 6th term = ar 6−1 = ar 5 = 1/64…………..(ii)
𝑜𝑟, 2𝑎 − 2 = 𝑎
Now, ii ÷ i we get,
𝑜𝑟, 2𝑎 − 𝑎 = 2 ∴ 𝑎 = 2
ar5 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 1
= ÷ or, r 5 = × = = ∴r=
a 64 2 64 1 32 2 2
BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52
Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

So, common difference d = +2 or − 2

If d = 2 then, 1st term = 10 − 2 = 8
2nd term y = 10 and 3rd term z = 10 + 2 = 12
13. Prove that the sum of the odd numbers from 1
Again, ifd = − 2,
to 125 inclusive is equal to the sum of the odd
then 1st term = = 10 − − 2 = 1 + 2 = 12,
number from 169 to 209 inclusive.
2nd term y = 10 and 3rd term z = 10 − 2 = 8
Solution:
So, the numbers of the series can be either 8,10
L. H. S: the odd number from 1 to 125 is 1 + 3 +
and 12 or 12, 10 and 8
5 + ⋯ … … . . +125.
n
we know that sum of n number = {2a + 15. A man agrees to refund the loan of tk. 2500 in
2
n − 1 d} some installments. Each installments is Tk. 2 more
Here, a = 1st number = 1, than the previous installment. If the first
d = difference of the numbers = 3 − 1 = 2 installment is Tk. 1, in now how many installments
n = total number of the series will the man be able to refund the amount.
Total number of odd number between 1 to 25 Solution: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑛
125 − 1 124 𝑆𝑜, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ⋯ … … . . 𝑛𝑡ℎ
= +1= + 1 = 63
d 2 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 1𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚, 𝑎 = 1, 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑑 = 3 − 1 = 2
rd
∴ Sum of 63 number of the series 𝑛
𝐴𝑇𝑄, 2.1 + 𝑛 − 1 2 = 2500
63 63 2
= 2.1 + 63 − 1 2 = × 126 = 3969 𝑛
2 2 𝑜𝑟, × 2𝑛 = 2500
R. H. S: Series of odd number from 169 to 209 is 169 2
𝑜𝑟, 𝑛2 = 502 ∴ 𝑛 = 50
+ 171 + 173 + ⋯ … .209
Total odd numbers between 169 to 209 16. Mr. Rashid saved Taka 1200 from his 1st
209 − 169 40 month’s salary. He plans to increase his monthly
= +1= + 1 = 21
d 2 savings by taka 100 in every following month. How
21 21 much time would it take to save taka 106200?
So, the sum = 2.169 + 21 − 1 2 = × 378
2 2 Solution: 1st month = 1200, 2nd month = 1300,
= 3969 3rd month = 1400, Series: 1200 + 1300 + ⋯ …
∴ L. H. S = R. H. S [Proved]
here 1st Term a = 1200, Difference d = 100
n
14. Three numbers x, y and z are in A.P, and their ATQ, 2 × 1200 + n − 1 × 100 = 106200
2
n
sum is 30. Also The sum of their squares is 308. or, × 2 1150 + 50n = 106200
2
Find the numbers. or, 50n2 + 1150n − 106200 = 0
Solution: or, n2 + 23n − 2124 = 0
Given that 3 numbers x, y and z are in AP or, n2 + 59n − 36n − 2124 = 0
So, their differences is equal, and we can write y or, n + 59 n − 36 = 0 ∴ n = −59 or 36
−x = z−y So, need 36 month or 3 years.
So, 2y = x + z −− − i
According to the first condition, x + y + z = 30
or, y + x + z = 30
or, y + 2y = 30 Since x + z = 2y
or, 3y = 30y ∴ y = 10
Let the common difference between x, y & z is ′d’
So, 2nd term y = 10,
first term x = 10 − d
and 3rd term z = 10 + d
According to the 2nd condition, 10 − d 2 + 102
+ 10 + d 2 = 308
or, 102 − 20d + d2 + 100 + 102 + 20d + d2 =
308
or, 2d2 + 300 = 308
or, 2d2 = 308 − 300 = 8
8
or, d2 = = 4 = ሺ±2ሻ2 ∴ d = ±2
2

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

6. A is 3 years older than B and 3 years younger

Age than C, B and D are twins How older is C than D?
Solution: Let, B′s age is = x
❖ Primary Level A′s age = x + 3 & C′s age = x + 3 + 3 = x + 6
So, C is older than B by = C − B
1. Melissa is four times as old as Jim. Pat is 5 years = x + 6 − x = 6 years
older than Melissa. If Jim is y years old, how old is Since, B & D are twins
Pat? So, C is also 6 years older than D.
Solution: Given that, age of Jim = y,
∴ age of Melissa = 4y and age of Pat = 4y + 5 7. Today is Ratul's 12th birthday and his father's
40th birthday. How many years from today will
2. A person is 5 years older than his wife. his wife is Ratul's father be twice as old as Ratul's at that
4 times as old as his son. after 5 years, son's age time? Solution:
will be 12 years. what is the present age of the Let, after x years Ratul′ s fathers will be double
person? Solution: Son′ s age after 5 years = So, 2 12 + x = 40 + x
12 year ⇒ 24 + 2x = 40 + x
his present age = 12 − 5 = 7 years ⇒ 2x − x = 40 − 24
wife′ s age = 7 × 4 = 28 years ∴ x = 16
the person′ s age = 28 + 5 = 33 years.
3. A is three times as old as B, C was twice-as old as 8. The sum of the ages of the father and son is 80
A four years ago. In four years time. A will be 31. years. If ten years ago, the age of father was three
What are the present ages of B and C? times that of his son. Find the present age of the
Solution: After 4 years A will be 31 years son.
So, A′s present age = 31 – 4 = 27, Solution: Let, 10 years ago son age was =
B′s Present age = 27 + 3 = 9 x years and father′s age was = 3x years
4 years ago, A′s age = 27 − 4 = 23 ATQ, x + 10 + 3x + 10 = 80
and C′s age at that time = 23 x 2 = 46 4x = 60
C ′ s present age = 46 + 4 = 50 x = 15
So, B and C′s present age is 9 & 50 So, Son′s presents age = 15 + 10 = 25 years.

4. The total age of A and B is 12 years more than 9. Lima is 10 years older than Rima. In 7 years time,
the total age of B and C. C is how many years Lima will be twice as old as Rima, Find Lima's age
younger than A? now?
Solution: Here, A + B = B + C + 12 Solution: Let, Rima′ s age x years
A + B − B − C = 12 Lima′ s age x + 10
A − C = 12 So, total age of both after 7 years = x + 7 + x +
So, C is 12 years younger than A. 10 + 7
Atq, 2 x + 7 = x + 17
5. The sum of ages of 5 children born at intervals of ⇒ 2x + 14 = x + 17
3 years each is 50 years. What is the age of the ⇒x=3
youngest child? Lima′ s present age = 3 + 10 = 13 years
Solution: Let, the ages of children be x, ሺx +
3ሻ, x + 6 , x + 9 and x + 12 years. 10. A is two years older than B who is twice as old
Then, x + x + 3 + x + 6 + x + 9 as C. If the total age of A. B and C is 27, then how
+ x + 12 = 50 old is B?
So, 5x = 20 Solution: Let the age of C = x
∴ x = 4. So, the age of B = 2x and Age of A = 2x + 2
So, Age of the youngest child = x = 4 years. ATQ, A + B + C = 27
Or, 2x + 2 + 2x + x = 27
Or, 5x = 25
x = 5
So, The age of B = 2 × 5 = 10

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

11. Sazu is younger than Rabi by 4 years. If their ∴ x = 14, Son age now = 14
age ratios are of 7:9 respectively, how old is Sazu? So, man′ s age now = 3 × 14 = 42 years
Solution: Let, Rabi′ s age 9x years and and man′ s age at his son′ s birth = 42 − 14 =
Sazu′ s age 7x years 28 years.
Atq, 9x − 7x = 4
⇒x=2 17. A man's age is now 3 times his son's age. Eight
So, sazu′ s age 7 × 2 = 14 years. years back, the man's age was 5 times his son's
age. What is the present age of the son?
12. The ages of X and Y are in the proportion of 6 : Solution: Let, the present age of son be = x
5 and total of their ages is 44 years. The proportion So, present age of father be = 3x
of their ages after 8 years will be: ATQ, 5 × x − 8 = 3x − 8
6 6
Solution: Age of X = 44 × = 44 × = 24 ⇒ 5x − 40 = 3x − 8 ⇒ 2x = 32 ⇒ x = 16
6+5 11
Age of Y = 44 − 24 = 20 So, Son′s present age = 16 years
Proportion of their ages after 8 years = ሺ24 +
18. A person was asked to state his age in years.
8ሻ: ሺ20 + 8ሻ = 32: 28 = 8: 7
His reply was, "take my age three years hence,
13. The present age of three persons are in the multiple is by 3 and then subtract three times my
proportion of 4 : 7 : 9 Eight years ago, the sum of age three years ago and you will know how old I
their ages was 56 years. The present age of the am " What was the age of person?
eldest person is. Solution: Let, present age =
Solution:8 years ago sum of the ages x years and after 3 years age = x + 3 years
of three persons = 56 3years ago age = x − 3 years
Sum of the present age = 56 + 3 × 8 = 80 Atq, 3 x + 3 − 3 x − 3 = x
Here, present ratio = 4: 7: 9 and the Sum = 20 ⇒ 3x + 9 − 3x + 9 = x
9 ⇒ x = 18; So, the preson′ s age 18 years.
So, eldest person′s age = 80 × = 36 years
20 19. If two times of the daughter's age in years is
14. The age of A and B are in the ratio 3: 1. Fifteen included to the mother's age, the total is 70 and if
years hence, the ratio will be 2 : 1. Their present two times of mother's age is included to the
ages are? daughter's age the total is 95. So the mother's age
Solution: Let the age of A = 3x is?
& age of B is x Solution: Let, the age of daughter and mother
After 15 years A = 3x + 15 and B = x + 15 x & y respectively
3x +15 2 ATQ, 2x + y = 70 … i and x + 2y = 95 … ii
So, = ⇒ 3x + 15 = 2x + 30
x+15 1 By ii × 2 − i , we get,
x = 15 then A = 45 years and B = 15 years
2x + 4y = 190
15. In 10 years, A will be twice as old as B was 10 2x + y = 70
years ago. If A is now 9 years older than B then the ⇒ 3y = 120 ⇒ y = 40
present age of B is? age of mother is 40 years.
Solution: Let, B′s present age = x 20. Present age of Fariha is thrice the present age
A′s present age = x + 9 of Samira who is 20. How many years ago was the
ATQ, 2 × x − 10 = x + 9 + 10 age of Fariha five times that of Samira?
⇒ 2x − 20 = x + 19 ⇒ 2x − x = 19 + 20 Solution: Here, Samira′s present age = 20years
⇒ x = 39 So, Fariha′s present age = 20 × 3 = 60years
So, B′s present age = 39 Let, x years ago Fariha was five times that of
Samira
16. A man is now 3 times as old as his son. In 10
ATQ, 60 − x = 5 20 − x ⇒ 60 − x = 100 − 5x
years' time, the sum of their ages will be 76. How
⇒ 4x = 40
old was the man when his son was born?
∴ x = 10 years.
Solution: Let, Son′s age now is = x years
Man′s age now = 3x years
ATQ, x + 10 + 3x + 10 = 76
⇒ 4x + 20 = 76 ⇒ 4x = 56

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

21. A man's present age is two-fifth of the ages of Difference in their ages = ሺ7x − 3xሻ years =
his mother. After 8 years, he will be one- half of 4x years = ሺ4 x 2ሻ years = 8 years.
the age of his mother. How old is the mother at
present? 26. Six years ago, Anita was P times as old as Ben
Solution: Let, mother ′ s age be x years was. If Anita is now 17 years old, how old is Ben
2x now in terms of P?
then, man′ s age = years Solution:Let, six years ago the age of Kamal,
5
2x 1 2x 1
Atq, +8= x+8 ⇒ +8= x+4 and Sagar was respectively 6x & 5x
5 2 5 2
1 2x So, their present age is = 6x + 6 & 5x + 6
⇒ x − = 4 ⇒ 5x − 4x = 40 ∴ x = 40
2 5 After 4 years their age will be
So, mother ′ s age 40 years. = 6x + 6 + 4 and 5x + 6 + 4
22. Six years ago, Anita was P times as old as Ben or, 6x + 10 and 5x + 10
6x + 10 11
was. If Anita is now 17 years old, how old is Ben ATQ, = ⇒ 60x + 100 = 55x + 110
now in terms of P? 5x + 10 10
⇒ 5x = 10 ⇒ x = 2
Solution: Present age of Anita = 17 years,
So, present age of Sagar = ሺ5 × 2ሻ + 6
6 years ago Anita′ s age = 17 − 6 = 11 years
= 10 + 6 = 16 years
Since At that time Anita was P times of Ben,
11
Ben′ s age at that time = 27. The average age of husband, wife and their
P
So, present age of Ben =
11
+ 6. child 3 years ago was 27 years and that of wife and
P the child 5 years ago was 20 years. The present age
23. Father is aged three times more than his son of the husband is?
Ronit. After 8 year, he would be two and a half Solution: Present average age of husband,
times of Ronit’s age. After further 8 years, how wife and child = 27 + 3 = 30
many times would he be of Ronit’s age? So, Present total age of husband, wife and child
Solution: Let, Ronit ′ s present age be = x years, = 30 × 3 = 90 years
Present average age of wife and child = 20 + 5
father ′ s present age = x + 3x = 4x years
= 25
Atq, 4x + 8 = 2.5 x + 8 ⇒ 4x + 8 = 2.5x + 20
Present total age = 2 × 25 = 50 years
⇒ 1.5x = 12 ∴ x = 8.
So, husband′s present age = 90 − 50 = 40 years.
After 8 + 8 = 16 years Ronit ′ s age 8 + 16
= 24 and his Father will be 4 × 8 + 16 = 48 28. The average age of A, B and C is 30 years. If the
48
So, Ronit ′ s Father is = = 2 times of Rohit. difference between B's age and A's age is same as
24
the difference between C's age and B's age. If D is
24. Ten years ago, A was half of B in age. If the 40 years older than B then what is the sum of the
ratio of their of their present ages is 3:4, then what age of B and D?
will be the total of their present ages? Solution: A + B + C = 3 × 30 ⇒ A + C + B =
Solution: Let, 10 years ago, age of A = x 90 − − i
So, age of B at that time = 2x Again, B − A = C − B ⇒ 2B = A + C
x + 10 3 ⇒ A + C = 2B
ATQ, = ⇒ 6x + 30 = 4x + 40
2x + 10 4 Putting this value in i ⇒ 2B + B = 90
2x = 10 ⇒ x = 5 ⇒ 3B = 90 ⇒ B = 30
So, present age of A and B = 5 + 10 = 15 Since D is 40 years older than B
and 2 × 5 + 10 = 20 So age of D = 30 + 40 = 70 years
Total = 15 + 20 = 35 years.
29. A father is 32 years older than the son. In 7
25. The ages of Sabiha and Suriya are in the ratio of years the father's age will be 5 years more than
7:3 respectively. After 6 years, the ratio of their twice that of the son. The age of the father, 3 years
ages will be 5: 3. What is the difference in their from now, will be?
ages? Solution: Let son′s present age is x,
Solution: Let, Sabiha′s age be 7x years and So father′s present age is x + 32,
Suriya′s age = 3x years After 7 years son′ s age will be x + 7 and
7x + 6 5 father x + 32 + 7 = x + 39
Atq, = ⇒ 21x + 18 = 15x + 30
3x + 6 3
⇒ 6x = 12 ⇒ x = 2
BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52
Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

ATQ, 2 x + 7 + 5 = x + 39
⇒ 2x + 14 + 5 = x + 39 ⇒ x = 39 − 19
⇒ x = 20
So Father′s present age is 20 + 32 = 52
and after 3 years 52 + 3 = 55
30. 8 years ago, the ratio of A's age to B's age was
4: 5. At present the ratio of B's age to C's age is 4:
5. At present, the difference between A's age and
C's age is 20 years, then what is the sum of the
ages of A,B and C?
Solution: Let, the age of A & B 8 years ago =
4x & 5x respectively
So, present age of A & B = 4x + 8 and 5x + 8
Since ratio of present age of B & C is 4: 5
5 25x+40
So, present age of C = 5x + 8 × =
4 4
25x+40
Atq, − 4x + 8 = 20
4
25x+40
⇒ = 4x+28
4
25x + 40 = 16x + 112 ⇒ 9x = 72 ⇒ x = 8
So, present age of A = 4x8 + 8 = 40, B =
25×8+40
5x8 + 8 = 48 and C = = 60
4
Sum of A, B and C = 40 + 48 + 60 = 148 years

31. The sum of ages of the Father and Son is 50

years. when the ages of the son will be equal to
the present age of the father, the sum of their ages
will be 102 years. Find the age of Father and Son?
Solution: Let, Age of Father = x,
So, age of Son = 50 − x
Again, Difference of their age is
x − ሺ50 − xሻ = 2x − 50
When age of son will x, the age of father will ⇒
x + 2x − 50 = 3x − 50
Now, 3x − 50 + x = 102 ⇒ x = 38
Father′s age = 38 years; Son′s age = 50 − 38 =
12 years

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

6. P and Q invested in a business. The profit earned

Partnership was divided in the ratio 2:3. If P invested Tk.
40,000, the amount invested by Q is-
❖ Primary Level Solution: Let, Q invest = x taka
ATQ, 40000: x = 2:3
1. X, Y & Z has started a business with a profit 40000 2
Or, = 𝑜𝑟, 2𝑥 = 40000 × 3
𝑥 3
sharing ratio 7: 8: 9. If at the end of the year, Y gets 40000 ×3
a total of Tk. 4,000. what will be Z's profit? X= = 𝑇𝑘. 60000
2
Solution: Here, profit part of Y = 8 part = 4000
1 part = 500 and Z's 9 part = Tk. 4500 7. P, Q, and R start a business P invests 3 times as
𝟐
much as Q invests and Q invests rd as much as R
𝟑
2. Three business partners Rahim, Sohel and Karim invests. Find the ratio of capitals of P, Q and R?
agree to divide their Total profit for a certain year
Solution: Let, R′s investment = 3x,
in the ratio 2:5:8. If Sohel's profit was Tk. 20,000
So, Q′s investment = 2x
what was the total profit of the business for the
& P′s investment be = 3 × 2x = 6x
year?
So, ratio of P, Q & R is 6x: 2x: 3x = 6: 2: 3
Solution: Here, parts of Sohel = 5 and 5 parts
20000 8. A, B and C investment in a partnership in the
So, 1 part = 4000 Now, Total (2+5+8) = 15parts ratio of 5 : 6 : 8. The ratio of their profit is 5 : 3 : 12.
= 4000 x 15 = Tk. 60,000 Ans. Find the ratio of time for their investment?
Solution: We know,
3. A, B and C enter into partnership with Investment × Time = Profit
investments the ratio of 5:7:8. If at the end of the 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒕 5 3 12
 Time = = ∶ ∶
year A's share of profit Tk. 42360, how much is the 𝑰𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 5 6 8
5 3 12
total profit? Or, Time = ( × 120ሻ ∶ ሺ × 120) : ( × 120)
5 6 8
Solution: Let, Investment ratio of A, B and C is = 120 : 60 : 180
= 5x, 7x, and 8x respectively =2:1:3
Sum of the ratio = 5x+7x+8x = 20x
ATQ, profit of A 5X = 42360
42360
X= = 8472 ❖ Advanced Level
5
So, total profit 20x = 20 × 8472
= TK. 169440 Ans. 9. In a business A and C invested amounts in the
ratio 2:1 whereas A and B invested amounts in the
4. A's capital is equal to twice B's capital is three
times C's capital. The ratio of the capitals is: ratio 3:2. If their annual profit be Tk. 157300, then
Solution: Let C's capital = Tk. x. B's share in the profit is -
 B's capital 3x & A's capital = 6x. Solution: A : C = 2 : 1 or A : C = 6 : 3
and A : B = 3 : 2 = 6 : 4
 Ratio of capitals of A, B & C = 6x: 3x: x =
6:3:1. So, A : B : C = 6 : 4 : 3
sum of ratio = 6+4+3 = 13
4
5. Kamal started a business investing Tk. 9000. B's share = 157300 × = 𝑇𝑘. 48400
13
After five months, Sameer joined with a capital of
Tk. 8000. If at the end of the year, they earn a 10. A, B and C enter into partnership. A invests 3
profit of Tk. 6970, then what will be the share of times as much as B invests and B invests two-thirds
Sameer in the profit? of what C invests. At the end of the year, the profit
Solution: Kamal invested for 12 months and earned is Tk. 6600. What is the share of B?
Sameer invested for (12-5) = 7 months Solution: Let the investment of C= 3x
Ratio of investment of Kamal : Sameer = So, investment of B = 2x
(9000×12) : (8000×7) = 108 : 56 = 27 : 14 And investment of A = 6x
Sum 27+14 = 41 So, share of Sameer from ATQ, 3X+2X+6X = 6000
14
Tk.6970 profit = 6970 x = 2380 So, 11X = 6600
41
 X = 600
Now, Share of B = 2x = 2 × 600 = Tk. 1200

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

One filling pipe P is three times faster than another

Pipe & Cistern filling pipe Q, if P can fill tank in 24hours, then
what is the time taken to completely fill the tank if
❖ Easy Level both the pipes are opened together?
Solution: P requires = 24hr
Working alone pump A can empty a pool in 3 So, pipe Q requires = 24 × 3 = 72 hrs
hours. Working alone pump B can empty the same 1 1
Now, P and Q together can fill in 1 hr + =
24 72
pool in 2 hours. Working together, how many 4 1
minutes will it take pump A and pump B to empty = Part
72 18
the pool? So, required time = 18 hrs
1 1
Solution: Two pump empty in 1 hour = + = One pipe can fill a tank three times as fast as
3 2
5 another pipe. If together the two pipes can fill the
Portion.
6
5
tank in 36 minutes, then the slower pipe alone will
portion empty in = 1 hour or 60 minutes be able to fill the tank in-
6
60×6 Solution:Let, the time taken by faster pipe is x min
∴ 1portion empty in = = 72 minutes
5
𝑆𝑜, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑖𝑠 3𝑥 𝑚𝑖𝑛
A tank has two leakages. The first leakage alone 1 1 1
2𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = + =
can empty the tank in 9 min and the second alone 3𝑥 𝑥 36
would have done it in 6 min. If water leaks out at a 1+3 1
𝑜𝑟, =
constant rate. How long does it take both the 3𝑥 36
leakage together to empty the tank? 𝑜𝑟, 3𝑥 = 36 × 4
1 36 × 4
Solution: In 1 min both the pipes can empty = + ∴𝑥= = 48 𝑚𝑖𝑛
9 3
1 5
=
6 18 A tap can fill a tank in 6 hours. After half the tank is
18
So, whole part can be emptied in = = 3.6 min filled, three more similar taps are opened. What is
5
the total time taken to fill the tank completely?
A cistern is normally filled in 8 hours but takes two Solution:
hours longer to fill because ofin its bottom. If the Time taken by 1 tap to fill half the tank = 3h
cistern is full, the leak will empty it in? 1 1
Remaining part after 3hrs = 1 − =
Solution: 2 2
1 1 2
Without leak, in 1 hr, the cistern is filled by part Part filled by the four taps in 1 hour = 4 × =
8 6 3
2
1 is filled by the four taps in = 1h
With the leak, in 1 hr, the cistern is filled by part 3
1 3 1 3 3
10 is filled by the four taps in = × = hrs = ×
1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4
𝑆𝑜, 𝑖𝑛 1 ℎ𝑟, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 − = 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 60 min = 45 min
8 10 40
So, it will take 40 hours to empty the full cistern. So, total time taken = 3hrs + 45min =
3 hrs 45 min.
A pump can fill a tank with water in 2 hours.
𝟏
Because of a leak, it took 2 hours to fill the tank. Two pipes can fill a tank in 20 and 24 minutes
𝟑
The leak can drain all the water of the tank in: respectively and a waste pipe can empty 3 gallons
Solution: Let the leak can drain the tank in = x hr per minute. All the three pipes working together
1 1 3 can fill the tank in 15 minutes. The capacity of the
𝐴𝑇𝑄, − =
2 𝑥 7 tank is:
𝑥−2 3
𝑜𝑟, = Solution:
2𝑥 7 1
𝑜𝑟, 7𝑥 − 14 = 6𝑥 ∴ 𝑥 = 14 Work done by the waste pipe in 1 minute −
15
1 1 1 11 1
Pipe A can fill a tank in 20 minutes and Pipe B in 30 + = − = − part
20 24 15 120 40
1
minutes and Pipe C can empty the same tank in 40 Empty part of the tank = 1 min
40
minutes. If all of them work together, find the time So full tank can be empty in = 40min.
taken to fill the tank.
1 1
Solution: In 1hr the tank will be fill = + −
20 30
1 6+4−3 7
= = part
40 120 120
120
So, Time required to fill the full tank is min
7 BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52
Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

❖ Hard Level A tank can be filled with water by two pipes A and
B together in 36 minutes. If the pipe B was stopped
A water tank with 84-gallons capacity is filled by after 30 minutes the tank is filled in 40 minutes.
pipe A and emptied by pipe B. If the rate of water The pipe B can alone fill the tank in?
flow through pipe A is 2 gallons per hour, how Solution:
1
many gallons per hour should flow through pipe B In 1 minute pipe A & B together can fill = part
36
so that when both pipes are open, the initially 30
empty tank should be full in exactly 96 hours? In 30 minute pipe A & B together can fill =
36
Solution: In 96 hours Pipe A insert 96 × 2 = 5
= 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡
192 gallons. 6
5 1
Then excess water is 192 − 84 = 108 gallons. Rest 1 − = part is filled by A in = 10 min (40-
6 6
Pipe B should empty 108 gallons in 96 hours. 30)
108 9
So, rate of empty of B in 1hr is = = gallons ∴ 1 part is filled by A in = 10 × 6 = 60 min
96 8
1
In 1 min Only A can fill =
An empty bucket being filled with paint at a 1
60
1 1
constant rate takes 6 min to be filled 7/10 of its In 1 min only B ca n fill − =
36 60 90
capacity. How much more time will it take to fill So, the requered time 90 min
the bucket to full capacity?
7 Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 20 & 30
Solution: 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 = 6𝑚
10 minutes respectively. Both the pipes are being
7
∴ 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 = 6 × open, Find when A must be turned off so that the
10
3 7 3 18 tank may be just filled in 15minutes.
∴ 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 = 6× × =
10 10 10 7 Solution: Let, pipe A turned off after = x min
𝑥 15
A tank can be filled by a tap in 20 minutes and by 𝐴𝑇𝑄, + = 1
20 30
another tap in 60 minutes both the taps are kept 𝑥 1 1
𝑜𝑟, =1− =
open for 10 minutes and then the first tap is shut 20 2 2
20
off. After this, the tank will completely filled in ∴ 𝑥 = = 10
2
what time? so, pipe A turned off after = 10 min.
1 1 1
Solution:In 1 min both taps fill = + = part A reservoir has two pipes, A and B. A can fill the
20 60 15
10 2
on 10 min both taps fills = = part reservoir 5 hours faster than B. If both together fill
15 3
1 part is Filed by pipe 2nd tap = 60 the reservoir in 6 hours, the reservoir will be filled
1 1 by A alone in
part is Filed by pipe 2nd tap = 60 × = 20 min
3 3 Solution:
A water tank has tow taps (Tap-1 and tap-2). Tap -1 Let the reservoir be filled by pipe B in x hours.
can fill a tank in 8 hrs and Tap -2 can empty the in Then, pipe A will fill it in x − 5 hours.
1 1 1
16 hrs. How long will they take to fill the tank if ATQ, + =
x x−5 6
both taps are opened simultaneously x−5+x 1
1 1 or, =
x x−5 6
Solution: In 1 hr the tank is filled = − =
1
8 16 or, x 2 − 5x = 12x − 30
part or, x 2 − 17x + 30 = 0
16
8 1 or, x − 15 x − 2 = 0
In 8 hr the tank is filled = = ∴ x = 15
16 2
1 1 So, the pipe A will take 15 − 5 = 10 h to fill the
So, remaining part 1 − =
2 2 reservoir.
1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑇𝑎𝑝 − 1 𝑖𝑛 = 8 ℎ𝑟𝑠
1 1
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑇𝑎𝑝 − 1 𝑖𝑛 = 8 × = 4 ℎ𝑟𝑠
2 2
𝑆𝑜, 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 8ℎ𝑟𝑠 + 4ℎ𝑟𝑠 = 12ℎ𝑟𝑠.

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
Ratio = 12: 5: 10𝐴: 𝐵: 𝐶 = :
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
:
5 12 6
= × 60: × 60: × 60
5 12 6
❖ Primary Level = 12: 5: 10

1. The ratio of two numbers is 2:3. The sum of the 7. The price of 2 pencils is less than 20% of the
numbers is 100. The difference between the two price of a pen. What is the ratio of the price of a
number is? pen to that of a pencil?
Solution: Let, Two number is = 2x and 3x Solution: Let, price of a pen 100 tk.
ATQ, 2x + 3x = 100 ⇒ 5x = 100 ∴ x = 20 then, price of 2 pencils together = 100 − 20 =
So, Difference = 3x − 2x = x = 20 80tk
80
1 pencil price = = 40tk.
2
2. Two number are in the ratio 5: 4 and their So, price of 1 pen: price of 1 pencil = 100: 40 =
difference is 10. What is the largest number? 5: 2
Solution: Let, Two number is = 5x and 4x
ATQ, 5x − 4x = 10 ∴ x = 10 8. If the income of A is 10% more than that of B
So, the largest number = 5x = 5 × 10 = 50 and the income of B is 20% less than that of C, then
the incomes of A, B and C respectively are in the
3. The ratio of boys and girls in a school is 3 to 7. If ratio_
there are 150 boys and girls, how many boys are Solution: Suppose, the income of B is = 100.
there? So, the income of A is = 100 + 10 = 110
Solution: Let, Two number is = 5x and 4x So, the income of C is = 80% of B.
80
ATQ, 5x − 4x = 10 ∴ x = 10 So, 80% = 100, ⇒ 1% = ⇒ 100% = 125
100
So, the largest number = 5x = 5 × 10 = 50 Required ratio of A: B: C = 110 ∶ 100 ∶ 125
4. Two whole numbers whose sum is 72 cannot be = 22: 20: 25
1 2
in the ratio: 9. The ratio of to is?
5 7
A. 5:7 B. 3:5 C. 3:4 D. 4:5 1 2 1 2
Solution: Here, to = × 35: × 35 = 7: 10
Solution:. Here, among the given ratios, the 5 7 5 7
summation ofa ratio cannot divide 72 is the 10. 35% of Nadia's income is equal to 25% of
correct answer. Nuru's income. The ratio of their income is?
Among the options, the ratio 3: 4, the summation Solution: 35% of Nadia = 25% of Nuru
of the ratio 7 cannot divide 72, 7Nadia Nuru
So, option C is the correct answer. ⇒ = ⇒ 28Nadia = 20 Nuru
20 4
Nadia 20
⇒ = ⇒ Nadia: Nuru = 20: 28 = 5: 7
5. If 'a' and 'b' are integers greater than 100 such Nuru 28
that a + b = 300, which of the following could be 1
11. If 30% of A =0.25 of B= th of C, the ratio of A,
the exact ratio of a to b? 5
A. 9:1 B. 5:2 C. 5:3 D. 3:2 B and C is?
1
Solution: Here, 300 should be divided into two Solution: 30% 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 = 0.25 𝑜𝑓 𝐵 = 𝑜𝑓 𝐶
5
parts in such a way that both numbers are greater ⇒
30
=
25 1 3
= ⇒ = =
1 1
than 100 and to be matched with given options. 100 100 5 10 4 5
3 1 1
According to option A; a = 270, b = 30 ⇒ × 20 = × 20 = × 20 ⇒ 6: 5: 4
10 4 5
but both numbers should be greater than 100.
Option B and C cannot be divided. 12. If a:b = 4:7 and b:c = 5:6, then a:b:c = ?
Option D: a = 180, b = 120. So, correct ans. D Solution: a: b = 4: 7 = 4: 7 × 5 = 20: 35
b: c = 5: 6 = 5: 6 × 5 = 35: 42
6. Some money is divided among three workers A, 𝑎: 𝑏: 𝑐 = 20: 35: 42
B and C such that 5 times A's share equal to 12
times B's share which is equal to 6 times C's share. 13. Let 𝒙: 𝒚 = 𝟑: 𝟒 and 𝒙: 𝒛 = 𝟔: 𝟓, then 𝒛: 𝒚 = is?
The ratio between shares is? Solution: Here, x: y = 3: 4 or 3x6 : 4 × 6 =
Solution:. 𝐿𝑒𝑡, 5𝐴 = 12𝐵 = 6𝐶 = 𝑥 18: 24
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 And x: z = 6: 5 or 6 × 3 : 5 × 3 = 18: 15
𝑆𝑜, 𝐴 = , 𝐵 = , 𝐶 =
5 12 6 So, x: y: z = 18: 24: 15
then z: y = 15: 24 of 5: 8
BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52
Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

14. If A:B=3:4, C:B=5:4, C:D=10:9 then A:B:C:D is? ❖ Advanced Level

Solution: Given, A:B=3:4, C:B=5:4, C:D=10:9
A:B:C=3:4:5 ⇒ A:B:C=3 × 2:4 × 2:5 × 2=6:8:10 20. Three boys have marbles in the ratio of 19:5:3
A:B:C:D=6:8:10:9 If the boy with the least number has 9 marbles,
how many marbles does the boy with the highest
15. There are two numbers, 1st number is 12 more
number have?
than the 2nd number. The average of the two
Solution: Marble ratio = 19: 5: 3
numbers is 19. If 2 is added in both numbers, find 9
the ratio of the numbers? then, Least 3 = 9 marbles So, 1 part = = 3
3
Solution: Let, 2nd number x ∴ 1st number x + 12 ⇒ Highest 19 × 3 = 57 marbles
x+x+12
Atq, = 19 ⇒ 2x + 12 = 38 ⇒ x = 13 21. A jar contains white, red and green marbles in
2
2nd number 13 ∴ 1st number 13 + 12 = 25 the ratios 2:3:5. Six more green marbles are added
when 2 is added with each number the ratio to the jars, and then the ratio becomes 2:3:7. How
will become = 25 + 2 : 13 + 2 = 27: 15 = 9: 5 many white marbles are there in the jar?
Solution:
16. The least whole number which when Old ratio of white: red: green marbles is 2: 3: 5
subtracted from both the terms of the ratio 6:7 New ratio of white: red: green marbles is =
gives a ratio less then 16:21 is? 2: 3: 7
Solution: Let, the number subtracted is x So, the ratio of green marbles becomes 7 from 5
14
then, 6 − x: 7 − x = 16: 21 ⇒ x = = 2.8 ≈ 3 We can write 7 − 5 = 2 part = 6 then 1 part = 3
5
So white marbles = 2 × 3 = 6
17. The ratio of three numbers is 3 : 4 : 5 and the
sum of their squares is 1250. The sum of the 22. The ratio of quality of water in fresh fruit to
numbers is? that of dry fruits is 7: 2. A 400 kg of dry fruits
Solution: Let, the numbers are 3x, 4x and 5x contain 50 kg of water then find the weight of the
Atq, 3x 2 + 4x 2 + 5x 2 =1250 water in same fruits when there were fresh?
⇒ 9x 2 + 16x 2 + 25x 2 = 1250 Solution: Let, Water in fresh fruit = 7x
⇒ 50x 2 = 1250 ⇒ x 2 = 25 ⇒ x = 5 and water in dry Fruits = 2x
So, the sum of the numbers is = 3x + 4x + 5x = ATQ, 2x = 50 ⇒ x = 25
12x = 12 × 5 = 60 So, 7x = 7 × 25 = 175

18. The ratio of three numbers is 3:4:7 and their 23. The salaries of A, B, and C are in the ratio of
product is 18144. The numbers are? 1:2:3 The salary of B and C together is Tk. 6000. By
Solution: Let, the numbers are 3x, 4x and 7x what percent is the salary of C more than that of A
1
Atq, 3x × 4x × 5x=18144 Solution: A′ s salary = 6000 ×
1+2+3
⇒ 84x 3 =1814 ⇒ x 3 = 216 ⇒ x = 6 1
= 6000 × = 1000tk
So, the sum of the numbers is = 3 × 6 = 18, 4 × 6
3 3
6 = 24 and 7 × 6 = 42 A′ s salary = 6000 × = 6000 × = 3000tk
1+2+3 6
C ′ s salary is more than A′ s salary by
19. The current ratio of boys to girls at a certain
= 3000 − 1000 = 2000tk
school is 2 to 5. If 12 additional boys were added 2000×100
to the school, the new ratio of boys to girls would More in % = = 200%
1000
be 4 to 5. How many boys do currently attend the
school? 24. Seats for Computer Science, Mechanical and
Solution: Let, the numbers of boys and girls Electronics in a university are in the ratio 7:5:8.
are respectively 2x and 5x There is a planning to increase these seats by
Atq, 2x + 12 : 5x = 4: 9 Or, 20x = 18x + 108 50%,40% and 75% respectively. Find the ratio of
⇒ 2x = 108 ∶ x = 54 increased seats?
So, the numbers of boys at present is 2x6 = 12 Solution: Let, the seats for Computer Science =
7x, Mechanical = 5x, and Electronics = 8x
after increase, seats for Computer Science
150 21x
= 150% of 7x = 7x × =
100 2

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

seats for Mechanical = 140% of 5x Ratio of boys and girls after 4 girls admitted
140 = 30: 36 + 4 = 30: 40 = 3: 4
= 5x × = 7x
100
seats for Electronics = 175% of 8x 30. The present ratio of students to teachers at a
175 certain school is 30 to 1. If the student enrollment
= 8x × = 14x
100 were to increase by 50 students and the number of
21x
So, the new ratio = : 7x: 14x teachers were to increase by 5, the ratio of
2
= 21x: 14x: 28x = 3: 2: 4 students to teacher would then be 25 to 1. What is
the present number of teacher?
25. If 𝟐𝑨 = 𝟑𝑩 = 𝟒𝑪, than, 𝑨: 𝑩: 𝑪 is equal to? Solution: Let, the no. of students and teachers
Solution: Let, 2A = 3B = 4C = K is 30x and x respectively,
K K K K K K 30x+50 25
A = , B = , C = , ⇒ A: B: C = : : Atq, = ⇒ 30x + 50 = 25x + 125
2 3 4 2 3 4 x+5 1
K K K
× 12: × 12: × 12 ⇒ 6: 4: 3 ⇒ 5x = 75 ⇒ x = 15
2 3 4
So, the number of teachers is 15
26. A jar contains only marbles of three colors: red,
green and yellow. The red and green marbles are in 31. The monthly incomes of two persons are in the
the ratio of 2:5 and the yellow and red marbles are ratio 4:5 and their monthly expenditures are in the
in ratio of 5:6. Which of the following could be the ratio of 7:9. If each saves BDT 50 per month, find
total number of marbles? their monthly income.
Solution: Red: green = 2: 5 = 6: 15 Solution: Let, monthly incomes be 4a and 5a
and yellow: red = 5: 6 and monthly expenditures be 7b and 9b
∴ red: green: yellow = 6: 15: 5 Atq, 4a − 7b = 50 … … . i
sum of the ratio = 6 + 15 + 5 = 26 5a − 9b = 50 … … . . ii
So, total merble will be 26 or it ′ s multiple. It means, by i × 9 − ii × 7 we will get,
numbers divisible by 26. Or, total merbles will 36a − 63b = 450
be 26, 52, 78 … etc. 35a − 63b = 350
∴a = 100
27. There are 2 numbers in the ratio of 4:5. If 4 is Monthly incomes = 4 × 100 = 400
subtracted from both numbers the ratio becomes and 5 × 100 = 500
3:4. What will be the ratio if 4 is added in the both
numbers? 32. The ratio of income of A to that of B is 7:5 and
Solution: Let, the numbers are 4x and 5x expenditure of A to that B is 3:2. If at the end of
4x−4 3 the year, each saves Tk. 500, find the income of A?
Atq, = ⇒ 16x − 16 = 15x − 12 ⇒ x = 4
5x−4 4 Solution: Let, income of A and B = 7x and 5x
required ratio = 16 + 4: 20 + 4 = 20: 24 = 5: 6
and expenditure of A and B = 3y and 2y
28. Two numbers are in the ratio 2:5. If 16 is added Now, since their savings is equal,
to both the numbers, their ratio becomes 1:2. The 7x − 3y = 500 … … … i
numbers are? 5x − 2y = 500 … … … ii
Solution: Let, the numbers are 2x and 5x by i × 2 and ii × 3 we get,
Atq,
2x+16 1
= ⇒ 5x + 16 = 4x + 32 ⇒ x = 16 15x − 6y = 1500
5x+16 2 14x − 6y = 1000
So, the numbers are = 2 × 16 = 32; 5 × 16 = 80 x = 500
29. In a class, the number of girls is 20% more than So, income of A = 7 × 500 = 3500 tk
that of the boys. The strength of the class is 66. If 4
more girls are admitted to the class, the ratio of
the number of boys to that of the girls is?
Solution: Let, the numbers of boys are x
number of girls = 120% of x = 1.2x
66
Atq, x + 1.2x = 66 ⇒ 2.2x = 66 ⇒ x = = 30
2.2
number of boys = 30; number of girls =1.2 × 30 =
36

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

6. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of

Mixture & Allegation pulses costing Tk. 15 and Tk. 20 per kg respectively
so as to get a mixture worth Tk.16.50 kg?
❖ Primary Level Solution: Let, 15Tk. kg rice is = xkg
and 20Tk kg rice is = ykg
1. 729 liters mixture of milk & water, the ratio of ATQ, 15x + 20y = 16.5 x + y
milk to water in 7:2. To get a new mixture or, 15x + 20y = 16.5x + 16.5y
containing milk and water in the ratio 7:3, the 𝑜𝑟, 1.5𝑥 = 3.5𝑦
amount of water to be added is- 𝑜𝑟, 3𝑥 = 7𝑦 ∴ 𝑥: 𝑦 = 7: 3
729
Solution: = 81. So, milk 81 × 7 = 567
9 7. In a mixture, the ratio of the milk and water is 6:
and water 81 × 2 = 162 5. When 22 liter mixture is replaced by water, the
Water added so milk is 567 and water should be 81 ratio becomes 9: 13. Find the quantity of water
× 3 = 243 ∴ Water required 243 − 162 = 81 after replacement?
2. How many litres of a 90% of concentrated acid Solution: Let milk 6x, water = 5x
needs to be mixed with a 75% solution of So, total mixture = 6x + 5x = 11x
concentrated acid to get a 30 litre solution of 78% When 22 liter of mixture is replaced with water,
6𝑥
concentrate acid? then milk left = 6x − 22 × = 6𝑥 − 12
11𝑥
Solution: Let, amount of 90% acid = x 5x
And water left = 5x − 22 × + 22 = 5x + 12
amount of 75% acid = 30 − x 11x
6𝑥−12 9
ATQ, 90% of x + 75% of 30 − x = 78% of 30 𝐴𝑇𝑄, =
5𝑥+12 13
90x + 2250 − 75x = 2340 𝑜𝑟, 78𝑥 − 156 = 45𝑥 + 108
15x = 90, ∴ x = 6 𝑜𝑟, 33𝑥 = 264 ∴ 𝑥 = 8
So, amount of 90% acid 6 litre. Water after replacement = 5x + 125 × 8 + 12 =
3. In a mixture of 50 liters, milk and water are in 40 + 12 = 52 liters.
the ratio of 3:2. How much water would be added
to the mixture to make the ratio of the two equal? ❖ Advanced Level
3
Solution: Milk in the mixture = 50 × = 30 L.
3+2
water in the mixture = 50 ×
2
= 20 liters 8. 100 kg of solution A is mixed with 60 kg of
3+2 solution B. If solution A has tin and copper in the
Required quantity of water to be added 30 − ratio 1:4 and solution B has lead and tin in the
20 = 10 liters ratio 3:2, then what is the amount of tin in the new
4. A mixture of 20 kg of sprit and water contains solution?
10% water. How much water must be added to this Solution: In solution A, ratio of tin to copper =
mixture to raise the percentage of water to 25%? 1: 4. sum 1 + 4 = 5
1
Solution: Water in the mixture 10% of 20 = 2kg So, tin from 100kg = 100 × = 20kg
5
So, spirit = 20 − 2 = 18 kg. In solution B, ratio of lead to tin = 3: 2
Let, x litter water to be added Sum 3 + 2 = 5
ATQ, 25% of 20 + x = 2 + x 2
20+x So, tin from 60kg = 60 × = 24kg
5
or, =2+x
4 So, total amount 24 + 20 = 44 kg
or, 8 + 4x = 20 + x
or, 3x = 12 ∴ x = 4 9. Given that 24 carat gold is pure gold, 18 carat
𝟑 𝟓
gold is 𝒕𝒉 of pure gold and 20 carat gold is 𝒕𝒉 of
5. In what ratio, water must be mixed with food 𝟒 𝟔
juice costing Tk. 24 per litre so that the juice would pure gold, the ratio of the pure gold is 18 carat
be worth of Tk. 20 per litre? gold to the pure gold in 20 carat gold is?
Solution: Let, the amount of water be x liter Solution: Pure gold = 24 carat,
3
and juice be y liter then pure gold in 18 carat gold = of 24 = 18
4
or, 24y = 20x + 20y 5
Again, gold in 20 carat gold = of 24 = 20
6
or, 20x = 4y
So, required ratio = 18: 20 = 9: 10
or, 5x = y ∴ x: y = 1: 5

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

10. If 2kg of metal, of which 1/3 is zinc and the rest Solution: Let, the total mixture = 25x
is copper, be mixed with 3 kg of metal, of which So, oil = 22x and water = 3x
1/4 is zinc and the rest is copper, then what will be After 50 liters of mixture taken out then water left
the ratio of zinc to copper in the mixture? 3𝑥
1 = 3x − 50 × = 3𝑥 − 6
Solution: Amount of zinc in 2kg metal = 2 × = 25𝑥
3
2 After 25 liter of water added then total water in
kg new mixture 3x − 6 + 25 = 3x + 19
3
2 4
So, amount of copper = 2 − = kg Total mixture after replacement = 25x − 50 +
3 3
1 3 25 = 25x − 25
Amount of zine in 3kg metal = 3 × = kg
4 4 ATQ, 34% of 25x − 25 = 3x + 19
3 9 34
So, amount of copper = 3 − = kg or, × 25 x − 1 = 3x + 19
4 4 100
After mixture, total amount of zinc in new or, 17 x − 1 = 6x + 38
2 3 17
Mixture = + = or, 11x = 55 ∴ x = 5
3 4 12
Total amount of copper in new mixture = + =
4 9 So, the total mixture = 25x = 25 × 5 = 125 litres
3 4
43 14. A container contains 40 liters of milk. From this
12 container 4 liters of milk was taken out and
So, ratio of zine to copper in new mixture =
17 43 replaced by water. This process was repeated
: = 17: 43 further two times. How much milk is now
12 12
contained by the container?
11. A dishonest milkman professes to sell his milk Solution: Amount of milk after 3 operations =
at cost price but he mixes it with water and 4 3 9 9 9
thereby gains 25%. The percentage of water in the 40 × 1 − = 40 × × × = 29.16 litres
40 10 10 10
mixture is:
Solution: Let, cost price of 1 litre milkbe = 100Tk
So, selling price of 1 litre mixture ሺmilk +
waterሻis also 100 Tk.
Here in 100Tk SP, gain = 25%
So, cost price of the mixtur, 125% = 100
100×100
∴ 100% = = Tk. 80
125
So, water in the mixture = 100 − 80 = Tk 20
or, percentage of water in 100 mixture is 20%

12. Akash/Josim/Babu bought two varieties of

pulse, costing Tk. 50 and tk. 60 per kg. each, and
mixed them in some ratio. He then sold the
mixture at Tk. 70 per kg., making a profit of 20
percent. What was the ratio of the mixture?
Solution: Let, Babu bought x kg of 50Tk kg
pulse and y kg of 60 Tk kg pulse.
Total cost price = 50x + 60y
and total selling price = 70 x + y
ATQ, 120% of 50x + 60y = 70 x + y
5
or, 50x + 60y = 70x + 70y
6
300x + 360y = 350x + 350y
or, 5x = y ∴ x: y = 1: 5

13. A jar contains a mixture of oil and water in the

ratio 22:3, 50 liters of the mixture was taken out
and 25 liters of water was added to it. If water was
34% in the resultant mixture, what was the initial
quantity of the mixture (in liters) in the jar?

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

5. Four liters of milk are to be poured into a 2 liter

Fraction bottle and a 4 liter bottle. If each bottle is to be
lied to the same fraction of its capacity, how many
❖ Primary Level liters of milk should be poured into the 4 liter
bottle?
1. A cake is divided into 18 pieces. If Rehana takes Solution: Let, poured in 4 liter bottle = x liter
1/3rd of the cake and Rashed takes 1/3rd of the So, poured in 2 liter bottle = 4 − x
cake left, how many pieces are left? x x
1 Atq, = 4 − ⇒ 2x = 16 − 4x ⇒ 6x = 16
4 2
Solution: Rehana takes = 18 × = 6 8
3 ∴x=
then, remaining = 18 − 6 = 12 3
1
and, Reshed takes = 12 × = 4
3 6. A group of 20 friends formed an investment
∴ Remaining = 12 − 4 = 8 club, with each member contributing an of equal
2. A car costs Tk. 10 lacs when it is brand new. At amount to the general fund. The club then
the end of each year it is worth of what it was at invested the entire fund, which amounted to t
the beginning of the year. What is the car's worth taka, in stock X. The value of the stock
(in lac Tk.) when it is 3 years old? subsequently increased 40 percent, at that point
Solution: The value of car after 1st year the stock was sold and the proceeds divided evenly
4 among the members. In terms of t, how much
= 10 × = 8 lac money did each member of the club receive from
5
4
After 2nd year = 8 × = 6.4 lac the sale?
5
4 Solution: After increasing 40% of the stock,
After 3rd year = 6.4 × = 5.12 lac 140t 7t
5
New total amount = 140% of t = =
100 5
3. Eight people are planning to share equally the From the sale each of 20 members will receive
7t
cost of a rental care one person withdraws from 5 7t 7t
the arrangement and the others share equally the = = =
20 5×20 100t
entire cost of the car, then the from the are
remaining persons will be increased by? 7. An engine pulls four identical carriages. The
Solution: Let total cost was = Tk. x engine is 2/3 the length of a carriages and the total
x length of the train is 86.8m. Find the length of the
First cost of 1 people is =
8
x
engine.
New cost of 1 people is = Solution: Let, the length of a carriage = 3x m
7
x
Extra cost for 7 people is So, length of the engine = 2x
8
x x ATQ, 2x + 4 × 3x = 86.8 ⇒ 14x = 86.8 ∴ x = 6.2
∴ extra cost for 1 people is = =
8×7
𝑥
56 So, the length of the engine = 2x = 2 × 6.2
So, cost increase for 1 people is= 56
𝑥
= 12.4 meters
8
x 8 1
56
× =
𝑥 7
❖ Advanced Level
𝟏
4. In a certain English class, of the number of girls 8. In a family the father took 1/4 of the cake and
𝟒
𝟏
is equal to of the total number of students. What had 3 times as much as each of the other
𝟔
is the ratio of the number of boys to the number of members. The total number of family member is.
1
girls in the class? Solution: Father took = th part
4
Solution: Let, number of boys and girls x and y 1 3
others took = 1 − = part
4 4
respectively 1 1
total student = x + y each one = ÷ 3 = part
4 12
y x+y Let, number of family member without father = x
Atq, = ⇒ 4x + 4y = 6y ⇒ 4x = 2y
x
4
2 1
6 1 3 3
= = ⇒ x: y = 1: 2 Atq, x × = ⇒ x = × 12 ⇒ x = 9
y 4 2 12 4 4
Total members = 9 + 1 = 10

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

𝟏 1 𝟑𝒕𝒉 𝟒𝒕𝒉
9. of Ahsan’s money is equal to of Babu’s 13. A boy read of a book on one day and of
𝟒 6 𝟖 𝟓
money. If both together have Tk. 600, what is the the remainder of another day. If there were 30
difference between their amounts? pages unread, how many pages did the book
Solution: Let, Ahsan′ s money = A and contain?
Babu′ s money = B Solution: Let, the total number of pages = x
A B 4B 2B 3 3x
Here, = ⇒ 6A = 4B ⇒ A = ∴ A = 1st day completed = x × = part
4 6 6 3 8 8
2B 5x 3x
Again, A + B = 600 ⇒ + B = 600 remaining part = x − =
3 8 8
⇒ 5B = 1800 ⇒ B = 360 5x 4 x
2nd day pages completed = × = part,
Since A + B = 600 ⇒ A = 600 − 360 = 240 5x x
8 5 2
5x−4x x
Difference of A and B Now, remaining part = − = =
8 2 8 8
= A − B = 360 − 240 = 120 x
Atq, part = 30 pages
8
𝟏 𝟏 ∴ x = 30 × 8 = 240 pages
10. A man spent of his money and then lost of
𝟐 𝟒
the remainder. He was left with Tk.3600. How
14. After filling the car’s fuel tank, a driver drove
much did he start with? 𝟐
Solution: Let, the man had x Tk. from P to Q and then to R. He used th portion of
𝟓
x x 1 x x the fuel driving from P to Q, If she used another 7
Atq, − × = 3600 ⇒ − = 3600
2 2 4 2 8 𝟏
4x−x liters to drive from Q to R and still had th of the
⇒ = 3600 ⇒ 3x = 28800 ⇒ x = 9600 𝟒
8 tank left, how many liters does the tank hold?
𝟏 Solution: Let, the tank hold = x liters fuel
11. Of 3600 employees of a company, are clerks. 2x x 2x x
𝟑
𝟏 Atq, x − − 7 = ⇒ x − − = 7
If the electrical staff were to be reduce by , what 5 4 5 4
𝟑 20x−8x−5x 7x
⇒ =7 ⇒ = 7 ⇒ x = 20
percent of the total number of remaining 20 20
employees would be electrical staff?
15. When 6 gallons are put into a car, the indicator
1th 1 𝟏 𝟓
Solution: of 3600 = 3600 × = 1200 goes from to . What is the total capacity of the
3 3 𝟒 𝟖
1
now, clerk = 1200 × = 400 gasoline tank?
3
after reduction, remaining office staff = 3600 − Solution: Let, the capacity of the tank x
x 5x 5x x 5x−2x
400 = 3200 ATQ, + 6 = ⇒ − = 6 ⇒ =6
4 8 8 4 8
staff remaining in electrical section = 1200 − 400 ⇒ 3x = 48 ∴ x = 16
= 800 So, the capacity of the tank 16.
800 × 100
electrical staff percentage= = 25%
3200 16. The denominator of a fraction is 5 more than
the enumerator. If the numerator as well as the
12. 3/8 of all applicants for a job are male. 3/4 of denominator is increased by 3 the fraction
all applicants are rejected in the first round 𝟓
including 2/3 of all male applicants. What fraction becomes . The original fraction is?
𝟗
of applicants remaining after the first round are Solution: Let, the numerator be x and
male? denominator be x + 5
x
Solution: Let, the total applicants = x So, the fraction
x+5
3x x+3 5
x+3 5
So, male applications = ATQ, = ⇒
= ⇒ 9x + 27 = 5x + 40
8 x+5+3 9
x+8 9
3x 13
after first round remaining applicants = x − = ⇒ 4x = 13 ⇒ x =
4 4
x 13
4 So, numerator = and
3x 2 x 4
male applicant rejected = × = 13 13+20 33
8 3 4 the denominator = + 5 = =
3x x 3x−2x x 4 4 4
remaining male applicant = − = = 13 4 13
8 4 8 8 ∴ Fraction = × =
x 4 33 33
8 x 4 1
therefore, required franction = x = × =
8 𝑥 2
4

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

17. In a department, 3/5 of the workers are men

and the rest are women. If 1/2 of the men and 3/7
of the women in the department are over 35, what
fraction of all the workers in the department are
over 35?
Solution: Let, total workers x
3x 3x 2x
So, men = and women = x − =
5 5 5
3x 1 3x
So, men over 35 = × =
5 2 10
3
women over 35 = = 12 28 ×
7
total men and women over 35 = 21 + 12 = 33
33
fraction =
70

18. Bowl S contains only marbles. If ¼ of the

marbles were removed, the bowl would be filled to
½ of its capacity. If 100 marbles were added, the
bowl would be full. How many marbles are in bowl
S?
Solution: Let, the number of marbles in the bowl x
1
So, number of marbles left after removing of
4
x 3x
the marbles = x − =
4 4
1 3x
now, of the capacity = marbles
2 4
3x 3x
So, full capacity = × 2 = marbles
4 2
3x
ATQ, x + 100 = ⇒ 3x = 2x + 200 ⇒ x = 200
2

19. The difference between a positive proper

fraction and its reciprocal is 9/20 . The fraction is?
y
Solution: Let, the fraction is
x
x
So, it ′ s reciprocal is
y
x y 9 x2 −y2 9
ATQ, − = ⇒ =
y x 20 xy 20
⇒ 20x 2 − 20y 2
= 9xy ⇒ 20x 2 − 9xy − 20y 2 = 0
⇒ 20x −25xy + 16xy − 20y 2 = 0
2

⇒ 5x 4x − 5y + 4y 4x − 5y = 0
⇒ 4x − 5y 5x + 4y = 0
x 5 y 4
⇒ 4x = 5y ⇒ = ⇒ =
y 4 x 5

20. If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 2

and denominator by 1 it becomes 1. Again if the
numerator decreased by 4 and the denominator by
2 it becomes ½ find the fraction.
Solution: Let, the numerator x and deniminator y
x
the fraction is
y

x+2
ATQ, =1 ⇒y+1 = x + 2 ⇒ y = x + 1. . . i
y+1
x−4 1
and = ⇒ 2x − 8 = y − 2 ⇒ 2x = x + 1
y−2 2
7
∴ x = 7 ∴ y = 7 + 1 = 8 So, fraction =
8

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

6. Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52

Probability cards. The probability that one is a spade, and one
is a heart, is:
❖ Primary Level Solution: (এখায়ন, একসায়থ দু বট কাডথ মতালার কথা িলায়
1. Three coins are tossed. Find the probability of সমায়িয়ির সূ ে প্রয়য়াগ করয়ত হয়ি)
13C1 ×13C_1
getting head. Probability of one spade and one heart =
52C2
Solution: Here, Total cases for tossing 3 coins = 13×13 13
23 = 52×51 =
102
2
8 TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, 𝐓𝐇𝐇, 𝐇𝐓𝐇, 𝐇𝐇𝐓, HHH
Event of getting at exactly two heads 7. There are 3 green, 4 orange and 5 white color
= 𝟑 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐬 𝐓𝐇𝐇, 𝐇𝐓𝐇, 𝐇𝐇𝐓 bulbs in a bag. If a bulb is picked at random, what
3 is the probability of having either a green or a
∴ Probability =
8
white bulb?
2. A coin is thrown 3 times in the air. What is the Solution: Total balls = 3+4+5 = 12.
probability that one head is followed by two tails? Here, Green + White bulbs = 3+5 = 8
3+5 8 2
Solution: Here, Total cases for tossing 3 coins = ∴ Required probability = = =
12 12 3
23 =
8 TTT, TTH, THT, 𝐇𝐓𝐓, THH, HTH, HHT, HHH 8. The ratio of the number of the red balls, to
Event of getting one head is followed by two tails yellow balls, to green balls in an urn is 2:3:4. What
= 𝟏 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐬 𝐇𝐓𝐓 is the probability that a ball chosen at random
∴ Probability =
1 from the urn is red ball?
8 Solution: Total results = 2+3+4 = 9.
3. Three dice are thrown together. Find the Favorable result is (red ball) = 2
probability of getting a total of at least 6? 2
So, probability =
Solution: Total result = 63 = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216 9

Total result of sum less than 6 = 10 9. In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue, and 6 green
= ሺমযয়হতু মযাগফল ৬ এর উপয়র আয়ে অয়নক সংখযা তাই দ্রুত balls. One ball is picked up randomly, what is the
উত্তর মির করার েনয মযাগফল ৬ এর উপয়ররগুয়লা মির না কয়র ৬ probability that it is neither red nor green?
এর বনয়ের গুয়লার মির কয়র ১ অংি মথয়ক বিয়য়াগ করয়ল দ্রুত Solution: Total number of balls = 8+7+6 = 21.
হয়ি।ሻ The probability of neither red or green balls means
7 1
Such as ሺমযাগফল ৬ এর বনয়ে অথথাৎ ৫, িা ৪ িা ৩ হয়ত পায়র, ৩ blue = =
21 3
এর বনয়ে হওয়ার সু য়যাগ মনই কারণ ১+১+১ = ৩ হয়)
1, 1, 1 , 1, 1, 2 , 1, 2, 1 , 1, 2, 2 , 2, 1, 1 , 2, 1, 2 , 10. Find the probability of selecting a prime
2, 2, 1 , 1, 3, 1 , 1, 1, 3 , & 3, 1, 1 . number from a set number 1 to 15 (both inclusive).
10 5 Solution: Prime numbers from 1 to 15 are = 2, 3,
So, probability of sum less than 6 = = 5, 7, 11 and 13. Total = 6.
216 108
So, the probability of getting sum, more than 6 or at So, the probability of getting prime numbers =
6 2
least 6 = 1 −
5
=
103
. = .
15 5
108 108

4. A card is randomly drawn from a desk of 52 11. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and
cards. What is the probability of getting a King or then a ticket is drawn at random. What is the
Queen? probability that the ticket drawn has a number
Solution: There are 4 ace, 4 kings, 4 queens in a which is multiple of 3 or 5?
Solution: Here, S = {1, 2, 3, 4,………., 19, 20}.
desk of 52 cards.
So, probability of being a card of Ace or King or Let, E = event of getting multiple of 3 or S = {3, 6, 9,
4+4+4 12 3 12, 15, 18, 5, 10, 20} = 9
Queen is = = = . n E 9
52 52 13
𝑆𝑜, P E = = .
5. There are 5 red and 3 black balls in a bag. n S 20
Probability of drawing a black ball is - িযাখযা: ৩ এর গুবণতক = ৬বট এিং ৫ এর গুবণতক = ৪বট। বকন্তু
Solution: Total balls = 5+3 = 8 and black ball = 3 ৩ ও ৫ উভয়য়র গুবণতক ল.সা.গু ১৫ = ১বট। সু তরাং, মমাট
৯
So, probability of getting black ball is = .
3 গুবণতক = ৪+৬-১ = ৯বট। বনয়ণথয় সম্ভািযতা = ।
8 ২০

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

❖ Advanced Level

8. A college has 10 basketball players. A 5-member

team and a captain will be selected out of these 10
Five people
players. Howwant
manytodifferent
rent theselections
last two copies
can beof a
movie.
made? How many ways can these five people rent
the two movies?
Solution:A team of 6 members has to be selected
the 10people
Solution:5
from can
players. rent
This 2 movie
can be donein in
= 10C
5C2 ==10
6
210 ways. Now, the captain can be selected from these 6
players in 6 ways. Therefore, total ways the selection
can be made is 210 × 6 = 1260

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

9. There is a group of 5 men, 6 women and 8

13. If the product of three consecutive integers is 19. A number is doubled and 9 is added. If the
210, then the sum of integers is - resultant is trebled, it becomes 75. What is that
a. 14 b. 15 c. 18 d. 21 number?
Solution: Here, 210 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 Solution: 𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑒 𝑥
Three consecutive integers = 5, 2 × 3 , 7 = 𝐴𝑇𝑄, 3
5, 6, 7
So, Sum = 5 + 6 + 7 = 18
14. If the product of three consecutive integer is
720, then the sum of the two largest integers is- 20. Think of a number and then double the
a. 10 b. 15 c. 17 d. 19 number. Add 6 and then multiply the number by
Solution: Here, 720 = 72 × 10 = 8 × 9 × 10 10, Now divided the number by 20, then subtract
So, Sum of largest two = 9 + 10 = 19 the number you first thought of.What is the result?
Solution: Let, the number be x
15. The sum of three consecutive even integers is 10× 2𝑥+6 20𝑥+60−20𝑥
𝑆𝑜, −𝑥 = =3
equal to 4 times the smallest. What is the smallest 20 20
integer?
a. 2 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10 21. If one-third of one-fourth of a number is 15,
Solution: Let, the smallest even integer is x. then three-tenth of that number is-
So, 2nd = x + 2, 3rd = x + 4 Solution: Let, the number be x
1 1
ATQ, x + x + 2 + x + 4 = 4 × x ATQ, x × × = 15 ∴ x = 180
4 3
3x + 6 = 4x ∴ x = 6 So,
3
of 180 is = 54
10
16. A, B, C, D, and E are five consecutive number in
increasing order of size. Deleting one of the five 22. Two-fifth of one -third of three-seventh of a
numbers from the set decreased the sum of the number is 15. what is 40 percent of that number?
remaining numbers in the set by 20%. Which one Solution: Let, the number be x
2 1 3 525
of the following numbers was deleted? ATQ, x × × × = 15 ∴ x =
5 3 7 2
a. B b. A c. D d. C 252 525 40
So, 40% of is = × = 105
Solution: Let, A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, D = 4 & E = 5 2 2 100
So, Sum of the numbers = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 23. The sum of two numbers is 184. If one-third of
20
20% of the sum 15 = 15 × =3 the one exceeds one-seventh of the other by 8,
100 find the smaller number.
So, the deleted number is C = 3.
Solution: Let, the one number be x
17. A, B, C, D, and E are five consecutive number in ∴ Other number = 184 − x
x 184−x
increasing order of size. Deleting one of the five ATQ, − =8
3 7
numbers from the set decreased the sum of the or, 7x − 552 + 3x = 8 × 21
remaining numbers in the set by 20%. Which one 720
of the following numbers was deleted? or, 10x = 168 + 552 = 720 ∴ x = = 72
10
a. B b. A c. D d. C st nd
So, 1 number be 72 ond 2 number be 184 −
Solution: Let, A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, D = 4 & E = 5 72 = 112 ∴ Smaller number is 72
So, Sum of the numbers = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15
20 24. A positive number when decreased by 4 is
20% of the sum 15 = 15 × =3 equal 21 times the reciprocal of the number.The
100
So, the deleted number is C = 3. number is
Solution: Let, the number be x
18. The difference of two numbers is 11 and one 1
ATQ, 𝑥 − 4 = × 21
fifth of their sum is 9. Find the numbers? 𝑥
Solution: Let The Number be x and y. 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 21 = 0
𝑆𝑜, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 11 … … … … … 𝑖 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 3 = 0 ∴ 𝑥 = 7
1 25. Of the following which one is the closest to
And, x + y = 9, ∴ x + y = 45 … … … … ii zero.
5
By, i + ii 2x = 56 ∴ x = 28 a. 0.15 b. 0.05 c. 0.35 d. 0.1
By Putting this value into ii y = 45 − 28 = 17 Ans: 0.05

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

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26. For which of the following value of a is 32. A two digit number becomes flve-sixth of itself
𝟓𝟎+𝒂 when its digits are reversed. The two digits differ
𝐚𝐧
𝒂
by one. what is the number?
𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫?
a. 45 b. 54 c. 56 d. 65
a. 3 b. 4 c. 9 d. 50
50+a Solution: Let, tens digit x ∴ unit digit = x − 1
Solution: will be an integer if 50 + a is So, the number 10x + x − 1 = 11x − 1
a
divisible by a. the reversed number 10 x − 1 + x = 11x − 10
Here, if a = 3, 4 or 9 then 50 + a is not divisible ATQ, 11x − 10 = 11x − 1 ×
5
by a. But if a = 50, then 50 + a is divisible by a. 6
So, or, 66x − 60 = 55x − 5
27. aHow
= 50many odd, positive divisor does 540 have? or, 11x = 55 ∴ x = 5
Solution: 540 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 So, the number = 11 × 5 − 1 = 54
= 22 × 33 × 5. Here only odd divisors are 33 × 51
𝟐
𝑜𝑟, 33+1 × 51+1 = 4 × 2 = 8 33. The largest prime factor of 𝟐𝟒 − 𝟏 𝐢𝐬
28. How many numbers from 11 to 50 are there a. 3 b. 5 c. 19 d. 17
which are exactly divisible by 7 not by 3? Solution: 24 2 − 1 = 256 − 1 = 255 = 3 × 5 × 17
Solution: From 11 to 50 the numbers divisible So, The largest prime factor of 24 2 − 1 is 17
by 7 is 6 such as 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 34. 𝐈𝐟 𝐧 = 𝟑𝟖 − 𝟐𝟖 , which of the following is not
L. C. M of 7 and 3 is = 21 which means 21 is a factor of n?
divisible by both 7 & 3. So, the 2 numbers such as 21 a. 13 b. 65 c. 97 d. 35
& 42 from the list is also divisible by 3. Solution: 𝑛 = 38 − 28 = 34 2 − 24 2
So, The quantity of numbers divisible by 7, not by 3 = 34 + 24 34 − 24 = 81 + 16 81 − 16
is = 6 − 2 = 4 = 97 × 65 = 97 × 5 × 13
29. How many integers from 1 to 1000 are divisible So, 97,65 & 13 are the factors of n but 35 is not the
by 30 but not by 16? factor of n.
1000
Solution: Divisible by 30 = = 33.33 = 33
30 𝟑𝟓. 𝐈𝐟 𝟒% 𝐨𝐟 𝐏 +
LCM of 30 & 16 = 240. So, the number divisible 𝐐 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝟖 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐫.
by 240 is also divisible by 30 and 16. 𝑾𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑸?
So, the numbers from 1 to 1000 divisible by 30 a. 200 b. 199 c. 198 d. 196
1000
and 16 is 240 is = =4 Solution: ATQ, 4% of P + Q = 8
240
4
So, the numbers only divisible by 30=33 − 4 = 29 or, × P+Q =8
100
100
30. When a number is divided by 5, The remainder or, P + Q = 8 ×
4
is 3. If the square of this number is divided by 5 ∴ P + Q = 200
then What is the remainder? Here, Least value of P = 1.
Solution: Let thenumber is = 8 So, The greatest value of Q = 200 − 1 = 199
So, square of 8 = 64
when 64 is divided by 5 the reminder is 64 = 4
31. The difference of the squares of two
consecutive odd integers is divisible by which of
the following integers?
a. 3 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8
Solution: Let, the two consecutive odd integers
are x and x + 2.
Now, x + 2 2 − x 2 = x 2 + 4x + 4 − x 2 = 4x +
4 = 4 x + 1 Here, x = 1,3,5,7. . . . .
So, 4 x + 1 = 4 1 + 1 = 4 × 2 = 8,
or, 4 x + 1 = 4 3 + 1 = 4 × 4 = 16
or, 4 x + 1 = 4 5 + 1 = 4 × 6 = 24
Here, 8,16 and 24 is always divisible by 8
∴ The difference of the squares of two consecutive
odd integers is always divisible by 8.

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

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Triangle 8. Three angles of a triangle are in proportion

5:6:7. Then what is the difference in degrees
between the biggest and the smallest angles?
❖ Easy Level Solution: Let, angles of the triangle are
1. If two angles are said to be complementary respectively 5x, 6x and 7x
angles and one angle is 52 degrees, then the other ATQ, 5x + 6x + 7x = 180° ⇒ x = 10°
angle is?
difference between the biggest and the smallest
Solution: We know that, sum of two
angles = (7x−5x)=2x=2 × 10° = 20°
complementary angles = 90°
Since, one angle is 52°. So other angle of 9. Which line is parallel to y = x-2?
complementary = 90° − 52° = 38° A. y=2x+1 B. 2y=2x-6
C.2y=x+7 D. y=3x+1
2. What is the angle that is half of its own Solution: y = x − 2;
complement? Since y = mx + c
Solution: Let, the bigger angle be 2x here slope = 1;
and smaller angle x coefficient of x is 1 then it ′ s slope is 1
ATQ, x + 2x = 90° ⇒ 3x = 90° ⇒ x = 30° Now, among the given options, we have to look
3. The complement of an angle exceeds the angle which option′ s slope is 1. Since, to be parallel
by 60°. Then the angle is equal to? both slope have to be equal.
Solution: Let, the angle be x 2y = 2x − 6 ∴ y = x − 3ሺSo, here slope=1ሻ
So, it ′ s complement be x + 60 Which of the following equations does not
ATQ, x + x + 60 = 90 ⇒ 2x = 30 ⇒ x = 15° represent a straight line?
A. y=2x+3 B. y=2𝒙𝟐 +3
4. The one third of the complementary angle to 60°
C. y(2+x)=3 D. y+x-3=7
is?
Solution: Equation of straight line is y = mx + c
Solution: Complementary angle 60° is
where maxium power of x and y is 1
90° − 60° = 30°
1 Here in B equation, power of x is 2,
So, one third of 30° is 30° × = 10° that is why B is not equations of a straight line
3
rather equation of curve.
5. The one third of the supplementary angle to 30°
is? The slope of the line perpendicular to the line y= -
Solution: Supplementary angle 30° is 5x+9 is?
150° − 30° = 150° Solution: Since y = mx + c; here slope, m = −5
1
So, one third = 150° × = 50° to find slope of a perpendicular is the reverse
3
fraction of the slope and multiply with
6. If two angles are said to be supplementary minus − .
angles and one angle is of 52°, then other angle is 1
So, line perpendicular will have slope m = − =
of? m
−1 1
Solution: Sum of two supplementary angle is 180° − =
−5 5
if one angle is 52° then the other will be
180° − 52° = 128°
7. Lines L1 and L2 are parallel to each other. What
is the value of x?

Solution: x = y both are interior angles

x + 2y = 180° x and 2y make straight angle
⇒ x + 2x = 180° ⇒ 3x = 180° ⇒ x = 60°
BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52
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According to pythagoras theorem,

Triangle AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
or, AC 2 = 52 + 122 = 25 + 144 = 169 ∴ AC = 13
So, The triangle is a right angle.
The ratio of the angles of a triangle is 2:3:4. What
is the largest angle in degrees? The length of two smaller sides of f right-angled
Solution: We know that, triangle are 5 cm and 12 cm respectively. The
sum of angles of a triangle is 180° length of the third side is
Here, ratio of angles = 2: 3: 4, a. 16cm b. 17 cm c. 19 cm d. 13 cm
Sum of the ratio = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9 Solution: Smallest two sides of right angled
3 triangle are 5 and 12.
So, largest angle = 180° × = 80°
4 Let, Third side is the hypotenuse = x
Consider, ∆ABD such that angle ADB=20° and C is a ATQ, x 2 = 52 + 122
point on BD such that AB=AC and CD=CA. Then the x 2 = 25 + 144 = 169
measure of angle ABC is? x 2 = 132 ∴ x = 13 So, Third sides is = 13
Solution: From figure, in ∆ACD, AC = CD Find the area (in square cm) of a right-angled
and ∠ADC = 20°. ∴ ∠DAC = 20° triangle whose hypotenuse is 10 cm and base is 8.
So, ∠ACD = 140° cm
Since, ∠ACB + ∠ACD = 180° a. 24 b. 54 c. 36 d. 48
∴ ∠ACB = 180° − 140° = 40° Solution: Let, Height of the triangle = xcm
Again, in ∆ABC, ∠ABC = ∠ACB = 40° According to pythagoras theorem,
Two sides of a triangle are 7 and 16. Which of the x 2 + 82 = 102
following is not the length of the third side? or, x 2 + 64 = 100
A. 22 B. 17 C.12 D. 9 or, x 2 = 100 − 64 = 36 = 62 ∴ x = 6
Solution: For a triangle to exist sum of 1
Area of the triangle = × base × height
any two sides of the triangle must be greater then 2
1
the third side. = × 8 × 6 = 24 cm2
2
Here, let, the third side is 9
So, three sides = 7, 16, 9 The base of a triangle is twice its height, which is
5cm. what is the area of the triangle?
Now, 7 + 9 = 16; which is equal to second side.
A. 6.25 B. 10 C.12.5 D. 25
∴ 7, 16, 9 sides can′ t make a triangle.
Solution:Given that, Height of the triangle = 5cm.
The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 7cm and ∴ Base of the triangle = 5 × 2 = 10 cm
1
4cm respectively. The length of the third side is? ∴ Area of the triangle = × 5 × 10 = 25 cm2
2
A. greater than 3cm B. less than 3 cm
C. Equal to 3cm D. all are true What is the area of the equilateral triangle if the
Solution: Sum of any two side of a triangle base BC = 6?
should be greater than third side. A. 𝟗 𝟑 B. 𝟏𝟖 𝟑 C. 𝟐𝟔 𝟑 D. 𝟐𝟎 𝟑
Here, difference of 7 and 4 is 3. So, the third Solution: We know, the area of equilateral triangle
side must be greater than 3. =
3
× 𝑎2 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = িাহু
4
If a, b and c are the lengths of the three sides of a 3
= × 62 = 9 3
triangle, then which of the following is true? 4

A. a+b<c B. a-b<c The lenths of the sides of a triangle are in the ratio
C. a+b=c D. a+b ≥c of 3 to 5 to 6. The perimeter of the triangle 70.
Solution: Difference of any two side of a triangle What is the length of the longest side?
should be smaller than third side; So, a−b < c A. 𝟏𝟎 B. 𝟏𝟓 C. 𝟐𝟓 D. 𝟑𝟎
If a triangle has sides of lengths 5 cm, 12 cm, and Solution: Sum of ratio = 3 + 5 + 6 = 14
6
13 cm, what type of triangle is it? ∴ longest side = 70 × = 30
14
A. Equilateral B. Isosceles
C. Scalene D. Right-angled
Solution: Here, AB = 5cm BC = 12cm AC = 13cm

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

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The area of a triangle with sides 3 cm, 5 cm and 6

cm is-
A. 𝟐 𝟑 B. 𝟐 𝟏𝟒 C. 𝟓 𝟏𝟐 D. 𝟒 𝟏𝟒
Solution: Perimeter, 2S = 3 + 5 + 6 = 14
14
∴s= =7
2
∴ Area of the triangle = 7ሺ7 − 3ሻሺ7 − 5ሻሺ7 − 6ሻ
= 7 × 4 × 2 × 1 = 4 × 14 = 2 14
The perimeter of a right-angled triangle is 60 cm.
Its hypotenuse is 26 cm. The area of the triangle is-
A. 120 B. 𝟐𝟒𝟎 C. 𝟑𝟗𝟎 D. 𝟕𝟖𝟎
Solution: Let Base = x cm and Height = y cm.
x + y + 26 = 60
or, x + y = 34
or, x + y 2 = 342 … … … … ሺiሻ
Also, x 2 + y 2 = 26 2
or, x + y 2 − 2xy = 262
or, 342 − 2xy = 262
or, 2xy = 342 − 262 = 34 + 26 34 − 26 = 480
480
xy = = 240
2
1 240
or, xy = = 120
2 2
∴ Area = 120 cm2
The length of each of the two equal sides of an
isosceles triangle is 10 cm and the included angle
between those two sides is 45 degree. Find the
area of the triangle.
A
Solution:

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

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Circle 7. When the diameter of a circle a is tripled, the

area of the circle will be increased by?
Solution: Let, diameter 4, So, radius = 2
area = π × 22 = 4π
1. Ratio of circumference and diameter of a circle? New diameter = 12, So, new radius = 6
Solution: We know that, circumference of a circle area = π × 62 = 36π
=2πr; diameter = 2π 36π
22 So, times of area increased = = 9 times
4π
Ratio = 2πr: 2π ⇒ π: 1 ⇒ : 1 ⇒ 22: 7
7
8. The area of circle A is 6.25
2. Let A denote the area of a circular region. Which Solution: We know that, circumference of a circle
of the following denotes the circumference of that
=2πr; diameter = 2π
circular region? 22
Solution: We know that, area of a circle =πr 2 ; Ratio = 2πr: 2π ⇒ π: 1 ⇒ : 1 ⇒ 22: 7
7
A A
ATQ, πr 2 =A ⇒ r2 = ⇒r= 9. The radius of a circle is increased by 10% then
π π
the area is increased by what percent?
A A
Now, circumference = 2πr = 2 × π × = 2π Solution: Let, the first radius was 100
π π
So, the first area was π1002 = π10000
3. O is the centre of the circle. If ∠𝐁𝐀𝐂 is 55°, what new radius = 110 and new area = π 110 2 =
is the value of ∠OCB? π12100
Solution: Central ∠O = 2 inscribed ∠BAC = 110° Area increase = π12100 − π10000 = π2100
π2100×100
in ∆OBC, OB = OC increase percentage = = 21%
π10000
∴ ∠OBC = ∠OCB ∴= 0.5 180 − 110 = 35°
10. If the radius of a circle is increased by 100%, by
4. What if the length of a chord which is 5cm what % is the area of the circle increased?
distant from the centre of a circle whose radius is PQ
13cm? Solution: Short method = P + Q +
100
100×100
100 + 100 + = 300%
100
A
11. If the radius of a circle is reduced by 40%, it’s
circumference is reduced by?
Solution: Let, the radius of the circle, r = 100
D B circumference of the circle = 2πr = 2π × 100 =
C 200π
After reduction 40%, new radius = 60
Solution: new circumference = 2πr = 2π × 60 = 120π
∆ACB is a right angle triangle. Here, AB = So, circumference reduced by = 200π − 120π =
13, AC = 5 ⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 12 ሺ𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠ሻ 80π
80π×100
𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑, 𝐵𝐷 = 24 reduced percentage = = 40%
200π

5. To represent a family budget on a circle graph, 12. If the ratio of the radii of two circles is 3 to 2,
how many degrees of the circle should be used to then the ratio of the area of the two circles is?
represent an item that is 20% of the total budget? Solution: Here, two circles radius ratio = 3: 2
Solution: We know that, the circle has total Let, one circle radius 3x and other ′ s 2x
=100% = 360° bigger circle area = π9x 2
360×100
20% of total circle is = 72° and smaller circle area = π9x 2
20
13. For a 20% decrease in the radius of a circle,
6. If the radius of a circle is 6cm, what is the area of
what will be the percentage reduction in it’s area?
the circle? PQ
Solution: Let, radius of the circle, r = 6cm Solution: Short method = P + Q +
100
22 −20 × −20
Area of the circle = πr 2 = × 36 = 113.14cm2 −20 + −20 + = −36%
7 100
= 113cm2 It means, 36% reduction.

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

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14. Square ABCD is inscribed in a circle whose 18. A square is inscribed in a circle of diameter 2a
radius is 4cm. Calculate the area of the square. and another square is circumscribing circle. The
difference between the areas of outer and inner
A B squares is?
W Z

O a
2a a
4
C D B
x y
Solution: Given that radius of the circle, r = 4cm C
2a
So, diameter of the circle, 2r = 2 × 4 = 8c m =
diagonal of the square. Solution: diameter = 2a = 1 side of bigger square
1 1
wkt, area of square = × d2 = × 82 = 32 ∴ area of bigger square = 4a2
2 2
Again, diameter of circle =
15. The length of one side of a square inscribed in a diagonal ofsmaller square
circle is 2. What is the area of the circle? wkt, diagonal of square = 2 × 1 side of square
2a
⇒ 2 × side = 2a ⇒ side =
B 2
A 2a 2
2 ∴ area = = 2a2
2
difference between the areas of outer and inner
2 O 2 squares =4a2 − 2a2 = 2a2

2 19. The measurement of a rectangle is 16 feet by

C D 12 feet. What is the area of the smallest circle that
can cover this rectangular entirely (so that no part
Solution: Diagonal of the square = of the rectangle is outside the circle)?
Diameter of the circle = 2 2 R
A D
2 2
so, radius of the circle = = 2
2
2
therefore, area of the circle = π × 2 = 2π

16. A square is inscribed in a circle of diameter 2a P

and another square is circumscribing circle. The
O
difference between the areas of outer and inner
squares is?
Solution: Diagonal of the square = B 2a C
Diameter of the circle = 2 2 Solution: From figure, AB = 16feet, BC = 12feet
2 2 According to pythagoras theorem,
so, radius of the circle = = 2
2
2 AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 ⇒ AC 2 = 256 + 144 ⇒ AC 2 =
therefore, area of the circle = π × 2 = 2π 400 ⇒ AC = 20
In figure, AC = 20 is diameter of circle radius of
17. A circle and a rectangle have the same 20
perimeter. The sides of the rectangle are 18cm and circle = = 10
2
26cm what is the area of the circle? So, area of circle = πr 2 = π × 102 = 100π
Solution: Let, radius of circle x 20. A wheel rotates 10 times per minutes and
wkt, circumference of circle 2πr, moves 20m during each rotation. How many meter
ATQ, 2πr = 2 26 + 18 ⇒ πr = 44 dose the wheel move in 1 hour?
44
⇒ r = 22 = 14 cm Solution: In 1 minute it moves = 20 × 10 meter
7
22 in 60 minutes it moves = 60 × 20 × 10 =
area of the circle = πr 2 = × 142 = 616cm2 12000 meter
7

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

21. ABC is an equilateral triangle, inscribed in a 24. The circumference of the circle and the
circle. If AB=6cm, find the area of the circle in c𝐦𝟐 perimeter of the square is equal and the ratio
C between the diameter of the circle and the side of
the square is 7:11. What is the area of the circle?
Solution: Let, diameter 7x and
one side of the square 11x
ATQ, 2πr = 4a ⇒ πr = 2a
O Due to lack of value given in the question,
the solution cannot be found. So, the answer,
A B cannot be determined.
D
Solution: O is the center of the circle 25. In the diagram above, if the circle with center A
1 3 has an area of 72𝛑, what is the area of the circle
So, × 6 × CD = × 62 ⇒ CD = 3 3 with center B?
2 4
∴ OD = 3
2
Now, OA2 = OD2 + AD2 ⇒ OA2 = 3 + 32
2
Now, OA2 = OD2 + AD2 ⇒ OA2 = 3 + 32
⇒ OA = 12.
A B
So, circle area = πr 2 = π × 12 2 = 12π
22. A goat is tied to one corner of a square plot of
side 12m by a rope 7m long. Find the area it can
graze?
12 Solution: Let, radius of circle with center A = r
A area = πr 2
7 Given, πr 2 = 72π ⇒ r 2 = 72 ⇒ r = 3 8
In figure, radius of bigger circle =
O diameter of smaller circle
diameter of circle with center B = 3 8
3 8
radius of circle with center B =
2
B D 3 8 2 72
area = πr 2 = πሺ ሻ = π = 18π
Solution: from figure, the goat can graze 2 4
only the portion of the circle which is inside the
square.
area of the square = πr 2 = 49π
Now, whole circle is 360° but goat can only 90°.
1 49π
So, th of circle area inside square =
4 4
22
= 12.25π = 12.25 × = 38.48 sq. m
7
23. If the difference between the circumference
and diameter of a circle is 60cm, the radius of the
circle is?
Solution: Let, radius of circle x
wkt, circumference of circle 2πr, diameter 2r
ATQ, 2πr − 2r = 60 ⇒ 2r π − 1 = 60
22 15
⇒ 2r −1 = 60 ⇒ 2r × = 60
7 7
60×7
⇒r = ⇒ x = 14cm
2×15

BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

Bank Lecture Book Mathematics

Solid Geometry The volume of a wall, 5 times as high as it is broad

A pole casts a 𝟑𝐦 shadow on a ground on an Given that ABC is a isoscles triangle where AB =
elevation of 60°. The height of the pole is? BC = 10cm
Solution: Given, θ = 60°
and base or shadow = 3
BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52
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By drawing a perpendicular AD on BC in ABD the balloon needs 10.02 − 10.00am =

right angle triangle 2 mins to climb from A to D or distance x
AD 1 AD In 2 mins of 60 × 2 = 120 sec it climbs = 379.8m
sin 45 ° = ⇒ = ⇒ AD 2 = 10
AB 2 10 379.8
10 So, in 1second it climbs = = 3.16 ms −1
⇒ AD = 120
2 So, Upward speed is 3.16 meter per second
1
area of the triangle ABC = × base × height
2
1 1 10 A tree leaned due to storm. The stick with height
= × BC × AD = × 10 × = 25 2
2 2 2
of 7 meter from its foot was leaned against the
From a certain place two roads run in two tree to make it straight. If the angle of depression
directions making an angle of 120°. From that at the point of contacting the stick on the ground is
place, persons move in the two directions with 𝟑𝟎°, 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐤.
speed of 10km per hour respectively. What will be Solution:
the direct distance between them after 5 hours?
Solution: Let, two men start from A with
velocities 10km per hour and 8km per D
B
hour respectively and reach B and C after
5 hours. Then after 5hours, the direct distance 7
between them is BC. From C perpendicular CD
is drawn on BA produced.
AB = 5 × 10km = 50km A C
AC = 5 × 8km = 40km and ∠BAC = 120°
∠DAC = 180° − 120° = 60° Let, the height of the stick from the
CD foot leaned against the tree of AB = 7 meter
∆ABC is right angled, = sin60°
AC and angle of depression is ∠DBC = 30°
3
⇒ CD = ACsin60° = 40 × = 20 3 ∴ ∠ACB = ∠DBC = 30°
2
AB 7
From, ∆ABC we get, sin∠ACB= ⇒ sin30° =
The angle of elevation of a hot air ballon, climbing BC BC
1 7
vertically from 25 degrees to 60 degrees at ⇒ = ⇒ BC = 14
10.00am and at 10.02 am respectively. The point of 2 BC
required height of the stick is 14 meter
observation of the angle of elevation is situated
300 meters away from the take off point. What is A pole is broken such that the broken part makes
the upward speed m/s, assumed constant for the an angle of 30° with the other and touches the
ballon? D ground at a distance of 10 meters from its foot.
Solution: Find the length of pole.
A
Solution: Let, the total height of
the pole is AB = h meter.
It breaks at the height of BC = x m C
A without separation and makes an
h-x
angle with the other, ∠BCD = 30° x
and touches the ground at a distance
C B
BD = 10 meter from the foot. B 10 D
Here, CD = AC = AB − BC = h − x meter
from figure let, BC = 300m, ∠BCA From, ∆BCD we get,
= 25° and ∠BCD = 60°, AB = y and AD = x BD 10 1 10
tan∠BCD = ⇒ tan30° = ⇒ = ⇒ x =
we need to find upward speed to climb AD = x BC x 3 x
AB y 10 3
Now, in ∆ABC, tan 25° = ⇒ tan25° = BD BD
BC 300
Again, sin∠BCD = ⇒ sin30° =
⇒ y = 300 × tan25° … ሺiሻ CD CD
BD x+y 1 10
again in ∆BCD, tan60° = ⇒ 3= ⇒ = ⇒ h − x = 20
BC 300 2 h−x
⇒ x = 300 3 − y ⇒ h = 20 + 10 3 ≈ 37.321
⇒ x = 300 3 − 300 × tan25° Height of the pole is 37.32 meter ሺapproxሻ
⇒ x = 300 3 − 0.466 = 379.8
BCS P2A P2A P2A 01329-67 20 52

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