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Part of Speech SS3

Parts of speech categorize words based on their function in sentences, with eight main types: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, conjunction, and determiners. Nouns can be classified into proper, common, concrete, abstract, and collective nouns, while pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition and include types such as personal, possessive, reciprocal, reflexive, relative, interrogative, and demonstrative. Possessive forms of nouns indicate ownership, and proper nouns can be pluralized to refer to groups or families.

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18 views8 pages

Part of Speech SS3

Parts of speech categorize words based on their function in sentences, with eight main types: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, conjunction, and determiners. Nouns can be classified into proper, common, concrete, abstract, and collective nouns, while pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition and include types such as personal, possessive, reciprocal, reflexive, relative, interrogative, and demonstrative. Possessive forms of nouns indicate ownership, and proper nouns can be pluralized to refer to groups or families.

Uploaded by

allifawaz27
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Part of speech

Parts of speech are the fundamental categories into which words are classified
based on their function in a sentence. Imagine a sentence like a team working
together; each word plays a different role to make the sentence meaningful.

Each word in a sentence belongs to a part of speech based on what it does in the
sentence, whether it’s naming something, describing, expressing action, or linking
ideas. There are eight main parts of speech, and each with its own function

 Noun
 Pronoun
 Verb
 Adverb
 Adjective
 Preposition
 Conjunction
 Determiners

Noun

A noun is a part of speech which acts as a label or identity tag for all objects,
articles or things around us. That is, A name of a person, an animal, place or thing
e.g lamb, pen, table, honesty, Truth, Lateef, etc.

1. Proper Noun

A proper noun is the given name of a person, or a specific place or thing, i.e. its
own name (e.g., Imran, Karachi, and Rover). A proper noun always starts with a
capital letter. All days and months are proper noun and start with capital letters
(e.g. Sunday, March, and December). Name of all Person, name of countries, name
of oceans are counted in category of proper nouns (e.g., Mashal, Pakistan,
Atlantic).
2. Common Noun

A common noun is the name given to all people, places or things of the same kind.
That is, the name is common to creatures or things of the same class or group(e.g.
teacher, doctor, girl, city, and dog). Common nouns are not capitalized unless used
in start of a sentence.

3. Concrete Noun

Concrete nouns are the things which we can see or touch physically. This noun
contrast with abstract category of noun. For example: tree, hammer, and pen. We
can see them feel them or touch them. It is also called material nouns.

4. Abstract Noun

Abstract nouns are things you cannot see or touch but can be felt. Abstract nouns
do not have physical existence. e.g. bravery, joy, determination, hunger, thirst, air
etc.

5. Collective Noun

Collective nouns are words that denote groups’ collection or multitude of people ,
animals or things. e.g. team, army, flock, class, congregation etc
The Possessive Forms of Nouns

Possessive nouns show ownership or belonging. We use an apostrophe (‘) to form


the possessive.

1. Singular Nouns: Add an apostrophe before s

-e.g: The student’s book (refers to one student)

2. Plural Nouns (ending in s): Add the apostrophe after s.

- Example: The students’ noise was heard. (refers to more than one student)

Plurals of Proper Nouns

The plurals of proper nouns are used to refer to groups, families, or continents.

- Examples:

- The Ogunmolas (refers to the Ogunmola family)

- The Americas (refers to North and South America together)


PRONOUNS

Pronoun is defined as a word that replaces a noun in a sentence to avoid


repetition of nouns and therefore occupy positions in sentences which are
normally occupied by nouns. E.g
Charles asked for Charles’ meal
To avoid repetition of the noun Charles, The sentence is normally written as
Charles asked for his Meal

Type of Pronouns
1. Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns refer to a person's name. We use personal pronouns as
a substitute for a person's name. There are three kinds of personal
pronoun:

- First Person: I, me, we, us (refers to the speaker)


- Second Person: you (refers to the person being spoken to)
- Third Person: he, him, she, her, it, they, them (refers to others being
spoken about)
Example
I am studying (I is a first-person pronoun)
They are going to the library (They is a third-person pronoun)
2. Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns are the pronouns that show ownership and
possession in a sentence. We categorize possessive pronoun into two
types: Dependent possessive pronouns and Independent Possessive
Pronouns, Both types of possessive pronouns help show ownership, but
dependent possessive pronouns modify nouns, while independent
possessive pronouns replace them.

-Dependent (or Determiner) Possessive Pronouns


These are used before nouns to show ownership and function like
adjectives (my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
Examples
This is my book.
Their house is big.
-Independent Possessive Pronouns
These stand alone and don’t need a noun following them.(mine, yours, his,
hers, ours, theirs)
Examples
This book is mine.
The house on the corner is theirs.
3. Reciprocal Pronouns
A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun that we use to identify a feeling or any
kind of action that is reciprocated among two or more than two. That is
why; it always refers to two or more than two persons (each other and one
another)
For example, Jane is laughing at Lizzy and Lizzy is laughing at Jane. So
we say:
Jane and Lizzy are laughing at each other.

4. Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns are used when the subject and the object of a
sentence refer to the same person or thing. Reflexive pronouns end in -
selves or -self.
(Yourself, himself, ourselves, itself, themselves, herself, myself, yourselves)
Examples
She told herself to spend all vacations at home
He bought himself a new phone
They decided to go there themselves

5. Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that relates the relative clause to
another clause within a sentence.
( Whom, whoever, whomever, who, that, which and whose)
Example:
She does not know which pack of pencil you want.
The Boy that stands there is my brother
6. Interrogative Pronouns
An interrogative pronoun often stands for something that we are not aware
of yet, because we are asking about it. We use these pronouns specifically
to ask questions. These pronouns are special because they all start with
“Wh”, which is quite easy to remember.
Most commonly used interrogative pronouns are: whose, what, whom,
which, and who.
Examples:
Who is that man standing there?
What is your nationality?

7. Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are pronouns used to point to specific things,
people, or places. They indicate whether the noun they refer to is singular
or plural and whether it is close to or far from the speaker. Five main
demonstrative pronouns are: these, those, such, this, that,
Examples:
These are my books
That is my Book
Those are my books
This is my Book

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