Running Head: Mathematics Assignment 1

Mathematics Assignment

Name: Doris Emali

Instructor: Dr. Trushitkumar Patel

Course: MATH 1201-01 College Algebra - AY2025-T2

Date: 21st November 2024

Mathematics Assignment 2

Mathematics Assignment

Task 1

Domain:

The collection of all potential input values (x) for which the function is specified is referred to as
the domain.

 The curve in the graph goes infinitely to the left (x→−∞) as well as to the right (x→∞).
 Consequently, the function's domain is: Domain: (−∞,∞)

Range:

The collection of all potential output values (y) that the function can accept is referred to as the
range.

 From the graph:

o The point that is lowest is near y approximately equal to −10y (global minimum).
o The function progressively increases infinitely in the positive y-direction for
larger values of x, indicating that there is no upper limit.
 Thus, the range is: Range: [−10,∞)

Therefore:
Mathematics Assignment 3

 Domain: (−∞,∞)
 Range: [−10,∞)

Task 2

Imagine that the export of Avocados from Indonesia is described by the relation:

E(P) = P – 10000, P ≥10000 where P represents the production (in thousand) of Avocados.

On the basis of the above scenario, answer the following questions:

(i) Draw the graph of E(P).

(ii) Determine if E(P) is a function of P:

Yes, E(P) is a function of P, as for each production value P≥10000, there is specifically one
corresponding export value E(P).

(iii) Find the domain and range of E(P):

 Domain: Given that P≥10000P, the domain is [10000,∞) or [10, ∞) when it is scaled in
thousands).
 Range: Since E(P)=P−10000, and P ≥10000P, the range is [0,∞) (or [0, ∞) when it is
scaled in thousands).
Mathematics Assignment 4

(iv) Find how much export is done for 70 and 20 thousand of production:

 P=70000P = 70000P =70000−10000=60000

 P=20000P = 20000P=20000−10000=10000

Therefore:

 For 70,000 of production, the export is 60,000.

 For 20,000 of production, the export is 10,000.

(v) Dependent and independent variables in this problem:

 Independent Variable: Production P, as it determines the export.

 Dependent Variable: Export E(P), because it depends on the value of production P.

Task 3

(i) Rates of Change at Intersection Point (Slope Analysis)

 The graph shows an intersection at A(5,25).

o For f:y=x2, the slope (rate of change) is the derivative dy/dx=2x. At x=5x the
gradient is:

Slope of f=2(5)=10

o For g:y=−5x, the slope is constant because it's a straight line:

Slope of g=−5

Therefore: At the intersection, the rate of change of f (+10) is positive, as well as greatly larger in
magnitude compared to g(−5), which is negative. This shows that for same length (x=5x), the
first animal’s weight (modeled by f) is increasing fast, while the second animal’s weight
(modeled by g) is reducing at a rate that is constant.

(ii) Analysis of the Slope between Points (CD and EF)

Picking on two random points from f and g, their slopes can be computed and interpreted as
follows.

1. For f:y = x2 (parabolic curve): Select points C(2,4) and D(4,16). The slope
(gradient) of the line passing through these points is:
Mathematics Assignment 5

y 2− y 1 16−4 ¿ ¿ 12
Slope of CD = = 4−2 = =6
x 2−x 1 2

2. For g:y=−5xg: y = -5xg:y=−5x (straight line): Select points E(2,−10)E(2, -

10)E(2,−10) and F(4,−20)F(4, -20)F(4,−20). The slope (gradient) of the line
passing through these points is:

y 2− y 1 −20−(−10) −10
Slope of EF = = = = -5
x 2−x 1 4−2 2

 The slope of EF on g (-5) remains constant, consistent with the linearity of g.

 In this context, it implies that the first animal's weight increases more quickly as its
length increases, but the second animal's weight falls consistently as its length increases.
 The slope of CD on f (6) reflects a shifting rate of change as f is nonlinear (steeper as x
increases).
 At the intersection, g's weight is continuously declining while f's weight is swiftly
growing.
 For f, an increasing trend (nonlinear acceleration) is seen in the slope between points.
The steady slope for g supports its consistent pace of decline.

Task 4

Use the following graph to explain the local extrema of the function at the given points. Explain
clearly how they differ from maximum and minimum values of function. Determine the intervals
of all extrema shown in the graph (mention the intervals with the names Ex: (A, B) and specify
whether they are increasing or decreasing).

A periodic function with many labelled points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H is depicted in the given
graph. The following is an explanation of the local extrema and their characteristics.:

Local Extrema

1. Local Maximum:
o The point at which the function peaks in relation to its immediate environment. At
this time, the function's derivative is zero, and it shifts from increasing to
decreasing.
o On the graph:
 Point A (−11,1), Point C (−5, 1), Point E (1.57,1), and Point G (7.85,1) are
local maxima.
2. Local Minimum:
Mathematics Assignment 6

o A point at which the function troughs out in relation to its immediate

environment. At this time, the function's derivative is zero, and it shifts from
declining to growing.
o On the graph:
o Point B (−8,−1), Point D (−2,−1), Point F (4.71,−1), and Point H (10,−1)
are local minima.
Mathematics Assignment 7

Difference between Global Extrema and Local Extrema:

Local extrema are locations where the function reaches a maximum or minimum in respect to
nearby values.

A global extreme is the function's absolute maximum or minimum value across its whole
domain. For infinitely expanding periodic functions such as this one, global extrema may not
exist unless a domain is provided.

Intervals and Behavior of the Function

The graph oscillates between its local maxima and minima, alternating between increasing and
decreasing. The designated intervals and their behavior are listed below::

1. Interval (A, B): Decreasing (from −11, 1 to −8, −1).

2. Interval (B, C): Increasing (from −8, −1 to −5, 1).
3. Interval (C, D): Decreasing (from −5, 1 to −2, −1).
4. Interval (D, E): Increasing (from −2, −1 to 1.57, 1).
5. Interval (E, F): Decreasing (from 1.57,1 to 4.71, −1).
6. Interval (F, G): Increasing (from 4.71, −1 to 7.85, 1).
7. Interval (G, H): Decreasing (from 7.85,1 to 10, −1).

Task 5

In the highly prosperous nation of 'W', the income tax system is structured as follows:
a. Individuals earning up to $2200 are taxed at a flat rate of 10% of their income.
b. For those with incomes exceeding $2200 and up to $8945, the taxation scheme is bifurcated:
o The first $2200 of income is taxed at 10%.
o The remainder, above $2200 and up to $8945, is taxed at a rate of 18.5%.
c. If an individual's income surpasses $8945, the taxation policy is delineated as follows:
o The initial $2200 of income is taxed at 10%.
o The subsequent income, above $2200 and up to $8945, is taxed at 18.5%.
o Any income exceeding $8945 is taxed at a rate of 30%.
Based on the above scenario, answer the following questions:
(i) Represent the above rule that country W has made as a piecewise function mathematically
using the symbol ≤ or any other relevant symbol.
(ii) Take any income that comes in each slab from the country W and calculate the tax for each
segment.
Mathematics Assignment 8

(i) Mathematical Representation of the Tax Rule

The tax liability T(x) in the country W as a function of income x can be shown as a piecewise
function (Stitz & Zeager, 2013):

0.10x, 0≤ x ≤ 2200
T (x) = 0.10(2200) + 0.185(x- 2200), 2200 < x ≤8945
0.10(2200) + 0.185(8945-2200) + 0.3(x-8945), x > 8945

(ii) Tax Calculation for Each Income Bracket

Calculation of tax for an income in each slab:

1. Income within the first slab (x=2200x):

T(2200)=0.10×2200=220

2. Income within the second slab (x=8945x): For x=8945x, calculate in two steps:
o Tax on the first $2200:

0.10×2200=220

o Tax on the remaining 8945−2200=6745:

0.185×6745=1247.825

Total tax:

T(8945)=220+1247.825=1467.825

Income within the third slab (x>8945, let x=10,000): For x=10,000, can be computed in three
steps as follows.
Mathematics Assignment 9

 Tax on the first $2200:

0.10×2200=220

 Tax on the next 8945−2200=6745:

0.185×6745=1247.825

 Tax on the remaining 10,000−8945=1055:

0.30×1055=316.5

Total tax:

T(10,000)=220+1247.825+316.5=1784.325

Summary Table

Income (x) Tax Liability (T(x))

2200 220

8945 1467.825

10,000 1784.325
Mathematics Assignment 10

References

Stitz, C., & Zeager, J. (2013). College algebra. Stitz Zeager Open Source Mathematics.
https://stitz-zeager.com/szca07042013.pdf

Yoshiwara, K. (2020). Modeling, functions, and graphs. American Institute of Mathematics.

https://yoshiwarabooks.org/mfg/colophon-1.html