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Advance Database

The document discusses the motivations behind the development of the SQL standard, highlighting the need for a universal language for relational databases to enhance portability and reduce development costs. It contrasts the initial SQL version with current standards, noting the addition of features like stored procedures and improved data models. Additionally, it covers the role of administrative utilities, cloud SQL services, and middleware technologies in managing SQL databases, emphasizing their importance in efficiency, security, and application development.

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Ma Arzhellie
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6 views3 pages

Advance Database

The document discusses the motivations behind the development of the SQL standard, highlighting the need for a universal language for relational databases to enhance portability and reduce development costs. It contrasts the initial SQL version with current standards, noting the addition of features like stored procedures and improved data models. Additionally, it covers the role of administrative utilities, cloud SQL services, and middleware technologies in managing SQL databases, emphasizing their importance in efficiency, security, and application development.

Uploaded by

Ma Arzhellie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Martin Ma. Machievellie B.

Advance Database System


BSIT-2C

EXERCISE 1

 Let’s Take IT!


1. What were the motivations behind the development of the SQL
standard?
The primary motivation for developing the SQL standard was to
establish a standard language to communicate with relational
databases. Before SQL, each database system had a proprietary
query language, and data could not be moved from one system to
another, nor could programmers learn multiple languages. SQL also
aimed to enable data independence, i.e., applications were able to
access data without needing to be aware of the specific information
about where the data was stored or its structure. This enabled
greater portability and flexibility. Finally, having a standard
language simplified database development since developers were
able to write applications and queries more readily, reducing costs
and time.

2. How did the initial version of SQL differ from the current standard?
The first version of SQL, SQL-
74, supported fewer features than the standard today.
It did not support higher-level concepts like stored procedures,
triggers, and views. Early SQL was mostly relational model-
based, whereas subsequent versions added support for other data
models like object-oriented and semi-structured data.
3. How does adherence to the SQL standard benefit database
developers, administrator, and users?
SQL standardization is advantageous in so many ways.
Developers get to write the code once
and deploy it across several systems with less effort and time. One l
anguage enables development to become quicker and
easier. The administrators are better able to control
databases, enhance security, and enhance performance.
Users do not have difficulties learning and operating
SQL, be they technical or not. SQL
standardization generally makes the database more efficient,
secure, and user-friendly.
EXERCISE 2

1. How do administrative utilities contribute to the management and


maintenance of SQL database?
Administrative tools are necessary to manage and support SQL
databases. They offer instruments to carry out a variety of tasks
Schema Management: Development, alteration,
and dropping of tables, indexes, and views.
Data Management: Importation, exportation,
and altering data in the database.
Security
Management: Determining user authority, managing accessibility to
data, and auditing for database activity.
Performance
Monitoring: Monitoring database efficiency, determining choke
points, and optimizing database tasks.
Backup and Recovery: Making backups of the database and
restoring data from backup in the event of failures.
Troubleshooting: Identifying and fixing database problems.

2. Can you explain the concept of cloud SQL services and their
significance in the SQL environment?
Cloud SQL services are hosted database services by
cloud platforms including Google Cloud, Amazon Web Services, and
Microsoft Azure. Cloud SQL services
create a managed SQL environment where users can execute
their SQL databases directly in the
cloud without manual admin and the usage of local infrastructures.
The use of Cloud SQL services is gaining wide support in
the world of SQL to deploy and handle SQL databases more easily a
nd with less expenditure on the cloud.
3. What are middleware technologies and how do they contribute
within the SQL environment?
Middleware technologies are software components that sit between
applications and databases, offering an abstraction
layer upon which applications can communicate with each
other and exchange data. Middleware
technologies play a critical role in the development of scalable and
secure applications that communicate with SQL
databases. Middleware technologies improve development, security,
and
performance aspects and enable application development and main
tenance of sophisticated applications in the SQL platform to be
automated.

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