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This document provides a detailed explanation of a Python script for an AI-based smart irrigation system that uses machine learning to determine irrigation needs based on environmental factors. It covers the steps of importing libraries, loading or creating a dataset, preprocessing data, training a Random Forest model, evaluating its accuracy, and making predictions with new sensor data. The system aims to optimize water usage and enhance agricultural efficiency through automation.

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2 views

code explain hbbvds

This document provides a detailed explanation of a Python script for an AI-based smart irrigation system that uses machine learning to determine irrigation needs based on environmental factors. It covers the steps of importing libraries, loading or creating a dataset, preprocessing data, training a Random Forest model, evaluating its accuracy, and making predictions with new sensor data. The system aims to optimize water usage and enhance agricultural efficiency through automation.

Uploaded by

sonidevesh632
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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**Explanation of AI-Based Smart Irrigation Code**

## **Introduction**
This document explains the Python script for developing an **AI-based smart
irrigation system**. The script uses **machine learning** to determine whether
irrigation is needed based on environmental factors such as **soil moisture,
temperature, humidity, and rainfall**.

---

## **Step-by-Step Code Explanation**

### **1. Importing Required Libraries**


```python
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
```
✅ We use **pandas** for data handling, **NumPy** for numerical computations, and
**Scikit-learn** for machine learning.

---

### **2. Loading or Creating a Dataset**


```python
try:
df = pd.read_csv("smart_irrigation_data.csv") # Use a real dataset
except FileNotFoundError:
# Generate synthetic data if dataset not found
np.random.seed(42)
data_size = 500
df = pd.DataFrame({
'soil_moisture': np.random.uniform(10, 100, data_size),
'temperature': np.random.uniform(15, 40, data_size),
'humidity': np.random.uniform(30, 90, data_size),
'rainfall': np.random.uniform(0, 20, data_size),
'irrigation_needed': np.random.choice([0, 1], data_size) # 0 = No
irrigation, 1 = Irrigation required
})
df.to_csv("smart_irrigation_data.csv", index=False) # Save for future use
```
✅ The script first tries to **load an existing dataset**.
✅ If the dataset is not found, **synthetic data** is generated with 500 samples,
simulating real-world values.

---

### **3. Preprocessing Data**


```python
df.dropna(inplace=True) # Remove missing values
X = df[['soil_moisture', 'temperature', 'humidity', 'rainfall']]
y = df['irrigation_needed']

scaler = StandardScaler()
X_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X)
```
✅ **Missing values are removed** to avoid errors.
✅ The feature set (**X**) and target variable (**y**) are defined.
✅ **StandardScaler** is used to normalize sensor values for better model
performance.

---

### **4. Splitting Data into Training & Testing Sets**


```python
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X_scaled, y, test_size=0.2,
random_state=42)
```
✅ The dataset is **split into 80% training and 20% testing**, ensuring the model is
trained on most of the data while keeping some for validation.

---

### **5. Training the Machine Learning Model**


```python
model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100, random_state=42)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
```
✅ We use a **Random Forest Classifier**, a robust ML algorithm for classification
tasks.
✅ The model is trained on the **training data (X_train, y_train)**.

---

### **6. Evaluating the Model**


```python
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
print(f"Model Accuracy: {accuracy:.2f}")
```
✅ The model makes predictions on the **test set (X_test)**.
✅ Accuracy is calculated using **accuracy_score**, showing how well the model
predicts irrigation needs.

---

### **7. Making a Prediction for New Sensor Data**


```python
new_data = pd.DataFrame({
'soil_moisture': [45], # Example sensor values
'temperature': [30],
'humidity': [60],
'rainfall': [5]
})

new_data_scaled = scaler.transform(new_data)
predicted_irrigation = model.predict(new_data_scaled)

print("Predicted Irrigation Need:", "Yes" if predicted_irrigation[0] == 1 else


"No")
```
✅ **A sample sensor reading is given** to test the trained model.
✅ The data is scaled using the same **StandardScaler**.
✅ The trained model predicts whether irrigation is needed (`Yes` or `No`).
---

## **Conclusion**
This AI-based **smart irrigation system**:
✅ Analyzes sensor data (soil moisture, temperature, humidity, rainfall).
✅ Trains a **Random Forest Model** to predict irrigation needs.
✅ Can be deployed on real-world **IoT systems (Raspberry Pi, Arduino, etc.)** to
automate irrigation.

By following this structured approach, we can optimize water usage and improve
agricultural efficiency!

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