ITS ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GR.

NOIDA
DSL LAB (Lab Manual)
KCS 353
E1. Program in C for Set Union operation.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

int a[10],b[10],m,n,i,j;

int c[20],k=0,flag=0;

int ch;

printf("Enter the number of elements in first set:\n");

scanf("%d",&m);

printf("Enter the elements:\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);

printf("\nElement of First set:\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

printf("%d\t",a[i]);

printf("\nEnter the number of elements in second set:\n");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter the elements:\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&b[i]);

printf("\nElement of Second set:\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf("%d\t",b[i]);

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

c[k]=a[i];

k++;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

flag=0;

for(j=0;j<m;j++)

if(b[i]==c[j])

flag=1;

break;
 }

if(flag==0)

c[k]=b[i];

k++;

printf("\nElement of resultant set\n");

for(i=0;i<k;i++)

printf("%d\t",c[i]);

OUTPUT
Enter the number of elements in first set:
5
Enter the elements:
1
2
3
4
5
Element of First set:
1 2 3 4 5
Enter the number of elements in second set:
5
Enter the elements:
6
7
8
5
4
Element of Second set:
6 7 8 5 4
Element of resultant set
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

E2. Program in C for Set Intersection operation.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[10], b[10], flag = 0, n1, n2, i, j;
printf("Enter set1 size : ");
scanf("%d",&n1);
printf("\nEnter set2 size : ");
scanf("%d",&n2);
printf("\nEnter set1 element : ");
for(i = 0;i < n1;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("\nEnter set2 element : ");
for(i = 0;i < n2;i++)
scanf("%d",&b[i]);
printf("Intersection: ");
for(i = 0;i < n1;i++)
{
for(j = 0;j < n2;j++)
{
if(b[i] == a[j])
{
flag = 1;
}
}
if(flag == 1)
{
printf("%d ", b[i]);
}
flag = 0;
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT

Enter set1 size : 5

Enter set2 size : 3
Enter set1 element : 1 2 3 4 5
Enter set2 element : 1 2 6
Intersection: 1, 2

E3. Program in C for Set Difference operation.

#include<stdio.h>
#define max 100

int ifexists(int z[], int u, int v)

{
int i;
if (u==0) return 0;
for (i=0; i<=u;i++)
if (z[i]==v) return (1);
return (0);
}

void main()
{
int p[max], q[max], r[max];
int m,n;
int i,j,k;
printf("Enter length of first array:");
scanf("%d",&m);
printf("Enter %d elements of first array\n",m);
for(i=0;i<m;i++ )
scanf("%d",&p[i]);
printf("\nEnter length of second array:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter %d elements of second array\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++ ) scanf("%d",&q[i]);
k=0;
for (i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if (p[i]==q[j])

{ break;

}
}
if(j==n)
{
if(!ifexists(r,k,p[i]))
{
r[k]=p[i];
k++;
}
}
}
 printf("\nThe difference of the two array is:\n");
for(i = 0;i<k;i++)
printf("%d\n",r[i]);
}
OUTPUT
Enter length of first array:4
Enter 4 elements of first array
1
2
3
4
Enter length of second array:4
Enter 4 elements of second array
2
4
5
6
The difference of the two array is:
1
3

E4. Program in C for Power set operation on a set.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

voidprintPowerSet(char*set, intset_size)
{
/*set_size of power set of a set with set_size
n is (2**n -1)*/
unsigned intpow_set_size = pow(2, set_size);
intcounter, j;
/*Run from counter 000..0 to 111..1*/
for(counter = 0; counter < pow_set_size; counter++)
{
for(j = 0; j < set_size; j++)
{
/* Check if jth bit in the counter is set
If set then pront jth element from set */
if(counter & (1<<j))
printf("%c", set[j]);
}
printf("n");
}
}
/*Driver program to test printPowerSet*/
intmain()
{
charset[] = {'a','b','c'};
printPowerSet(set, 3);
getchar();
return0;}
E5. Program in C for Boolean truth table for AND, OR, NOT.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[2][2],b[2][2],c[2];
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<=1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=1;j++)
{
a[i][j]=(i&&j);
b[i][j]=(i||j);
}
}

for(i=0;i<=1;i++)
{
c[i]=(!i);
}

printf("\nThe Truth Table for AND Gate( && ) is..\n");

printf(" A B : C=A&&B\n");
for(i=0;i<=1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=1;j++)
{
printf(" %d %d : %d\n",i,j,a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nThe Truth Table for OR Gate( || ) is..\n");
printf(" A B : C=A||B\n");
for(i=0;i<=1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=1;j++)
{
printf(" %d %d : %d\n",i,j,b[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nThe Truth Table for NOT Gate (!) is..\n");
printf(" A : B = !A\n");
for(i=0;i<=1;i++)
{
printf(" %d : %d\n",i,c[i]);
}
}
E6. C prog to find Cartesian product of two sets.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[50],b[50],c[50],i,s1,s2,j,k;
printf("Enter how many elements in set 1\n");
scanf("%d",&s1);
printf("Enter how many elements in set 2\n");
scanf("%d",&s2);
printf("Enter elements of set 1\n");
for(i=0;i<s1;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("Enter elements of set 2\n");
for(i=0;i<s2;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i]);
}
printf("cartessian product=");
printf("{");
for(i=0;i<s1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<s2;j++)
{
printf("(%d,%d)",a[i],b[j]);
printf(",");
}
}
printf("}");}
E7. Minimum cost spanning tree
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int a,b,u,v,n,i,j,ne=1;
int visited[10]= {
0
}
,min,mincost=0,cost[10][10];
void main() {
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of nodes:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n Enter the adjacency matrix:\n");
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
scanf("%d",&cost[i][j]);
if(cost[i][j]==0)
cost[i][j]=999;
}
visited[1]=1;
printf("\n");
while(ne<n) {
for (i=1,min=999;i<=n;i++)
for (j=1;j<=n;j++)
if(cost[i][j]<min)
if(visited[i]!=0) {
min=cost[i][j];
a=u=i;
b=v=j;
}
if(visited[u]==0 || visited[v]==0) {
 printf("\n Edge %d:(%d %d) cost:%d",ne++,a,b,min);
mincost+=min;
visited[b]=1;
}
cost[a][b]=cost[b][a]=999;
}
printf("\n Minimun cost=%d",mincost);
getch();
}
E8. Reflexive, symmetric and transitive relation.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(){
int s[20],r[20][2],i,j,k,n,m,f=0,g=0,x,y,z=99;
clrscr();
printf("enter the no. of elements in a set:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter the elements of set:");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
scanf("%d",&s[i]);
printf("enter the no. of relation set:");
scanf("%d",&m);
printf("enter the pairs of relation set:");
for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
scanf("%d%d",&r[i][1],&r[i][2]);
printf("The entered relation is:");
printf("{");
for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
printf("(%d,%d),",r[i][1],r[i][2]);
printf("\b}");
//to check currect relation set elements look below
for(i=1;i<=m;i++){ //m is no of relation elemets
for(j=1;j<=n;j++){ //n is no of set elemets
if(r[i][1]==s[j])
f++;
if(r[i][2]==s[j]) // r[80][2] is metrix to store relation set
elements
g++;
} //end of for loop of j
if(f==0||g==0){
printf("\nYou entered wrong relation set.");
getch();
exit(0);
}
f=0;
g=0;
} //end of for loop of i
//intially f=0 and g=0;
//to check either it is refelexive or not
f=0;
for(i=1;i<=m;i++){
if(r[i][1]==r[i][2])
f++;
}
if(f==n)
printf("\nThe enter set relation is refelexive.");
//to check either it is symmetric or not
f=0;g=0;
for(i=1;i<=m;i++){
x=r[i][1];
y=r[i][2];
g++;
for(j=1;j<=m;j++){
if(x==r[j][2]&&y==r[j][1])
f++;
}
if(f==0)
goto d;
f=0;
}
if(g==m)
printf("\nThe relation is symmetric.");
//to check either it is transitive or not
d:
f=0;g=0;
for(i=1;i<=m;i++){
for(j=1;j<=m;j++){
for(k=1;k<=m;k++){
x=r[i][1];y=r[i][2];
if(y==r[j][1])
z=r[j][2];
if(x==r[k][1]&&z==r[k][2])
f++;
}}
if(f==0)
goto h;
f=0;
}
printf("\nThe relation is transitive.");
h:
getch();
}
E9. Recursive function (sum of natural number)

#include <stdio.h>
int sum(int n);

int main() {
int number, result;

printf("Enter a positive integer: ");

scanf("%d", &number);

result = sum(number);

printf("sum = %d", result);

return 0;
}

int sum(int n) {
if (n != 0)
// sum() function calls itself
return n + sum(n-1);
else
return n;
}