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MP FLLJ

The document outlines five types of errors in C programming: Syntax Errors, Runtime Errors, Logical Errors, Linker Errors, and Semantic Errors. Each type is explained with examples demonstrating how they occur and their implications during program execution. Understanding these errors is crucial for debugging and writing effective C programs.

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15 views6 pages

MP FLLJ

The document outlines five types of errors in C programming: Syntax Errors, Runtime Errors, Logical Errors, Linker Errors, and Semantic Errors. Each type is explained with examples demonstrating how they occur and their implications during program execution. Understanding these errors is crucial for debugging and writing effective C programs.

Uploaded by

hacksufi47
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C Program to Show Types of Errors

Here we will see different types of errors using a C program. In any


programming language errors are common. If we miss any syntax like
parenthesis or semicolon then we get syntax errors. Apart from this we also
get run time errors during the execution of code.
There are 5 types of error in C:
1. Syntax Errors
2. Runtime Errors
3. Logical Errors
4. Linked Errors
5. Semantic Errors
Let’s discuss each of these in detail.
1. Syntax Errors
These are also referred to as compile-time errors. These errors have
occurred when the rule of C writing techniques or syntaxes has been
broken. These types of errors are typically flagged by the compiler prior to
compilation.
Example 1: In the below program we are getting an error because of a
missing semicolon at the end of the output statement (printf()) called
syntax error.

// C program to demonstrate
// a syntax error due to
// missing semi colon
#include <stdio.h>

// Driver code
int main()
{
// missing semicolon
printf("Geeks for geeks!")
return 0;
}
Example 2: In this case, we are getting errors because of missing
parenthesis before the output statement and below the main(). This type of
error is also called syntax error.

 C

// C program to demonstrate
// a syntax error due to
// missing parenthesis
#include <stdio.h>

// Driver code
int main()

printf("Geeks for Geeks");


return 0;
}

2. Runtime Errors
This type of error occurs while the program is running. Because this is not a
compilation error, the compilation will be completed successfully. These
errors occur due to segmentation fault when a number is divided by division
operator or modulo division operator.
// C++ program to illustrate

// the SIGFPE error

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Driver Code

int main()

int a = 5;

// Division by Zero

cout << a / 0;
return 0;
}

Example: Let us consider an array of length 5 i.e. array[5], but during


runtime, if we try to access 10 elements i.e array[10] then we get
segmentation fault errors called runtime errors. Giving only an array length
of 5
// C program to demonstrate
// a runtime error
#include <stdio.h>

// Driver code
int main()
{
int array[5];
printf("%d", array[10]);
return 0;
}
Output
-621007737
But in output trying to access more than 5 i.e if we try to access array[10]
during runtime then the program will throw an error or will show an
abnormal behavior and print any garbage value.
3. Logical Errors
Even if the syntax and other factors are correct, we may not get the desired
results due to logical issues. These are referred to as logical errors. We
sometimes put a semicolon after a loop, which is syntactically correct but
results in one blank loop. In that case, it will display the desired output.
Example: In the below example, the for loop iterates 5 times but the
output will be displayed only one time due to the semicolon at the end of
for loop. This kind of error is called a logical error.
 C

// C program to demonstrate
// a logical error
#include <stdio.h>

// Driver code
int main()
{
int i;
for(i = 0; i <= 5; i++);
{
printf("Geeks for Geeks");
}
return 0;
}

Output
Geeks for Geeks
4. Linker Errors
When the program is successfully compiled and attempting to link the
different object files with the main object file, errors will occur. When this
error occurs, the executable is not generated. This could be due to incorrect
function prototyping, an incorrect header file, or other factors. If main() is
written as Main(), a linked error will be generated.
Example: Below is the C program to show the linker error.
 C
// C program to demonstrate
// a linker error
#include <stdio.h>

// Driver code
int Main()
{
printf("Geeks for Geeks");
return 0;
}

5. Semantic Errors
When a sentence is syntactically correct but has no meaning, semantic
errors occur. This is similar to grammatical errors. If an expression is
entered on the left side of the assignment operator, a semantic error may
occur.
Example: Below is the C program to show semantic error.
 C

// C program to demonstrate
// a semantic error
#include <stdio.h>
// Driver code
int main()
{
int x = 10;
b = 20, c;
x + y = c;
printf("%d", c);
return 0;
}

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