Answer number 9--- >= (Greater than or equal to) Answer number 11---

Cohesion: Cohesion refers to the degree to which the components of a <= (Less than or equal to)
3.) Logical Operators: structure union
module (or function) are logically related to one another and work together
&& (AND): True if both operands are true. Each member has its own memory All members share the same
to achieve a single purpose.
|| (OR): True if at least one operand is true. space. memory space.
Coupling: Coupling refers to the degree of dependency between different
! (NOT): Reverses the logical state. The size is the sum of the sizes of The size is equal to the size of the
modules or components in a system.
4.) Bitwise Operators: all members. largest member.
Keywords are reserved words in C that have predefined meanings. They & (AND)
cannot be used as variable names, function names, or identifiers. | (OR) All members can be accessed Only one member can be accessed
Examples: ^ (XOR) independently. at a time.
 int, char, if, else, return, for, while, switch, void ~ (NOT) Used when you need to store Used when you need to store
<< (Left shift) related data that will be used different types of data, but only one
Operators are symbols used to perform operations on variables or values. >> (Right shift) together. at a time.
Types of Operators in C: 5.) Assignment Operators:
1.) Arithmetic Operators: Used for basic arithmetic operations. = (Simple assignment) Less memory efficient (due to
More memory efficient (shares
+ (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), % (modulus) +=, -=, *=, /=, %= (Compound assignment) independent memory for each
memory space for all members).
2.) Relational Operators: Used to compare values. 6.) Increment/Decrement Operators: member).
== (equal to), != (not equal to), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater ++ (Increment)
than or equal to), <= (less than or equal to) -- (Decrement) #include <stdio.h>
3.) Logical Operators: Used for logical operations. 7.)sizeof: Returns the size of a data type or variable. #include <string.h>
&& (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT) 8.)Typecast Operator:
4.) Bitwise Operators: Used for bit manipulation. (type): Converts one data type to another. struct Employee {
& (bitwise AND), | (bitwise OR), ^ (bitwise XOR), ~ (bitwise NOT), << (left char name[50];
shift), >> (right shift) Answer number 7--- char department[50];
5.) Increment/Decrement Operators: Used to increase or decrease C Program to Draw a Circle, Rectangle, and Display “BCA Exam char address[100];
the value of a variable. 2081”: float salary;
++ (increment), -- (decrement) #include <graphics.h> int age;
#include <conio.h> };
Header files in C contain declarations of functions and macros that can be int main() {
used in multiple source files. They are used to organize code and allow the int gd = DETECT, gm; void displayEmployee(struct Employee emp) {
reusability of functions and declarations. initgraph(&gd, &gm, ""); if (emp.age >= 30 && emp.age <= 50 && strcmp(emp.address,
Common Header Files: "Kathmandu") == 0) {
<stdio.h>: Contains input/output functions like printf(), scanf(). setcolor(RED); printf("Employee Name: %s\n", emp.name);
<stdlib.h>: Contains memory management functions like malloc(), }
free(), and process control functions like exit(). int circle_x = 300, circle_y = 200, radius = 50; }
circle(circle_x, circle_y, radius); int main() {
In C programming, operators are symbols used to perform operations struct Employee employees[] = {
on variables or values. There are several types of operators in C, categorized int rect_left = 100, rect_top = 100, rect_right = 400, rect_bottom = 300; {"John Doe", "IT", "Kathmandu", 60000, 35},
based on the operations they perform. rectangle(rect_left, rect_top, rect_right, rect_bottom); {"Jane Smith", "HR", "Lalitpur", 50000, 40},
Types of Operators in C {"Alice Johnson", "Finance", "Kathmandu", 55000, 45},
setcolor(WHITE); {"Bob Brown", "Marketing", "Kathmandu", 65000, 32},
1.) Arithmetic Operators:
{"Charlie Davis", "Sales", "Kathmandu", 70000, 60}
+ (Addition): Adds two operands.
outtextxy(250, 350, "BCA Exam 2081"); };
- (Subtraction): Subtracts the second operand from the first.
int n = sizeof(employees) / sizeof(employees[0]);
* (Multiplication): Multiplies two operands.
/ (Division): Divides the first operand by the second. getch();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
% (Modulus): Returns the remainder after division.
closegraph(); displayEmployee(employees[i]);
}
2.) Relational Operators (Comparison):
== (Equal to) return 0;
} return 0;
!= (Not equal to)
}
> (Greater than)
< (Less than)